Apache POI 操作Excel
2016-05-17 21:43
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认识POI
Apache POI是Apache软件基金会的开放源码函式库,POI提供API给Java程序对MicrosoftOffice格式档案读和写的功能。结构:HSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel格式档案的功能。XSSF - 提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML格式档案的功能。HWPF - 提供读写Microsoft Word格式档案的功能。HSLF - 提供读写Microsoft PowerPoint格式档案的功能。HDGF - 提供读写Microsoft Visio格式档案的功能。在开源世界中,有两套比较有影响的API可 供开发者使用,一个是POI,一个是JXL,其中功能相对POI比较弱一点,所以我们日常开发中用到更多的往往是POI,在这里我们也只对POI做一个深入的使用讲解,并给出一个导Excel的工具类,适用任何列表的导出。POI的jar包下载地址简易的POI写入数据(认识API)
1:建立新HSSFWorkbook对象HSSFWorkbook wb =new HSSFWorkbook();2:建立新的sheet对象HSSFSheet sheet= wb.createSheet("newsheet");3:在sheet里创建一行,参数为行号HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);4:在row里新建新cell(单元格)参数为列号4.1、给第一列设置一个整型值HSSFCell cell= row.createCell((short)0);cell.setCellValue(1);4.2、给第二列设置一个浮点型值HSSFCell cell= row.createCell((short)1);cell.setCellValue(1.2);4.3、给第三列设置一个字符串型值HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)2);cell.setCellValue(“test”);4.4、给第四列设置一个布尔型值HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short)3);cell.setCellValue(true);4.5、给第五列设置一个日期型值设立新的cell样式 :HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();设置cell样式为定制的日期格式:cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("yyyy年MM月dd日"));HSSFCell cell =row.createCell((short)4);cell.setCellValue(new Date());cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);5:往磁盘写入excel文件FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream("d:\\test.xls");wb.write(os);os.close();单元格样式设定
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();单元格的顔色有前景色和背景色。style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);style.setFillBackgroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);POI提供的颜色类:HSSFColor设定顔色时,用这些子类的静态常量「index」作为参数。如果这些顔色还不够你用的话,怎么设定自己想要的顔色呢填充模式指定填充模式的话,使用「HSSFCellStyle」类的「setFillPattern」方法。style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);值 | 说明 |
---|---|
NO_FILL | No background |
SOLID_FOREGROUND | Solidly filled |
FINE_DOTS | Small fine dots |
ALT_BARS | Wide dots |
SPARSE_DOTS | Sparse dots |
THICK_HORZ_BANDS | Thick horizontal bands |
THICK_VERT_BANDS | Thick vertical bands |
THICK_BACKWARD_DIAG | Thick backward facing diagonals |
THICK_FORWARD_DIAG | Thick forward facing diagonals |
BIG_SPOTS | Large spots |
BRICKS | Brick-like layout |
THIN_HORZ_BANDS | Thin horizontal bands |
THIN_VERT_BANDS | Thin vertical bands |
THIN_BACKWARD_DIAG | Thin backward diagonal |
THIN_FORWARD_DIAG | Thin forward diagonal |
SQUARES | Squares |
DIAMONDS | Diamonds |
文字样式设定
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();设定文字颜色font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index);设置字体大小font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);设置字体粗细度font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);把字体应用到当前的样式style.setFont(font);一个通用的工具类
<pre name="code" class="java"><pre name="code" class="java">public class ExportExcelUtil<T>{ /** * 这是一个通用的方法,利用了JAVA的反射机制,可以将放置在JAVA集合中并且符号一定条件的数据以EXCEL 的形式输出到指定IO设备上 * * @param title * * 表格标题名 * * @param headers * * 表格属性列名数组 * * @param dataset * * 需要显示的数据集合,集合中一定要放置符合javabean风格的类的对象。此方法支持的 * javabean属性的数据类型有基本数据类型及String,Date,byte[](图片数据) * * @param out * * 与输出设备关联的流对象,可以将EXCEL文档导出到本地文件或者网络中 * * @param pattern * * 如果有时间数据,设定输出格式。默认为"yyy-MM-dd" * */ @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public byte[] exportExcel(String title, String[] headers,Collection<T> dataset, String pattern){ // 声明一个工作薄 HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); HSSFFont font3 = workbook.createFont(); // 生成一个表格 // 生成一个样式 HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle(); // 设置这些样式 style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index); style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 生成一个字体 HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont(); font.setColor(HSSFColor.VIOLET.index); font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12); font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); // 把字体应用到当前的样式 style.setFont(font); // 生成并设置另一个样式 HSSFCellStyle style2 = workbook.createCellStyle(); style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index); style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND); style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER); // 生成另一个字体 HSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont(); font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_NORMAL); // 把字体应用到当前的样式 style2.setFont(font2); HSSFSheet sheet = null; HSSFRow row = null; int index = 0; int sheetnum = 0; Iterator<T> it = dataset.iterator(); // 产生表格标题行 sheet = workbook.createSheet(title + sheetnum); sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15); row = sheet.createRow(0); for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++){ HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(style); HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]); cell.setCellValue(text); } while (it.hasNext()){ index++; if (index > 50000){ index = 0; ++sheetnum; sheet = workbook.createSheet(title + sheetnum); sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth((short) 15); row = sheet.createRow(0); for (short i = 0; i < headers.length; i++){ HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(style); HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(headers[i]); cell.setCellValue(text); } } row = sheet.createRow(index); T t = (T) it.next(); // 利用反射,根据javabean属性的先后顺序,动态调用getXxx()方法得到属性值 Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields(); for (short i = 0; i < fields.length; i++){ HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i); cell.setCellStyle(style2); Field field = fields[i]; String fieldName = field.getName(); String getMethodName = "get"+ fieldName.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase()+ fieldName.substring(1); try{ Class tCls = t.getClass(); Method getMethod = tCls.getMethod(getMethodName,new Class[] {}); Object value = getMethod.invoke(t, new Object[] {}); // 判断值的类型后进行强制类型转换 String textValue = null; if (value instanceof Integer){ int intValue = (Integer) value; cell.setCellValue(intValue); } else if (value instanceof Float){ float fValue = (Float) value; textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(String.valueOf(fValue)).toString(); cell.setCellValue(textValue); } else if (value instanceof Double){ double dValue = (Double) value; textValue = new HSSFRichTextString(String.valueOf(dValue)).toString(); cell.setCellValue(textValue); } else if (value instanceof Long){ long longValue = (Long) value; cell.setCellValue(longValue); } if (value instanceof Boolean){ boolean bValue = (Boolean) value; textValue = "true"; if (!bValue){ textValue = "false"; } } else if (value instanceof Date){ Date date = (Date) value; if ("".equals(pattern)){ pattern = "yyy-MM-dd"; } SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(pattern); textValue = sdf.format(date); } else{ if (null == value || "".equals(value)){ value = ""; } else{ textValue = value.toString(); } } // 如果不是图片数据,就利用正则表达式判断textValue是否全部由数字组成 if (textValue != null){ Pattern p = Pattern.compile("^//d+(//.//d+)?$"); Matcher matcher = p.matcher(textValue); if (matcher.matches()){ // 是数字当作double处理 cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(textValue)); } else{ HSSFRichTextString richString = new HSSFRichTextString(textValue); font3.setColor(HSSFColor.BLUE.index); richString.applyFont(font3); cell.setCellValue(richString); } } } catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); try{ workbook.write(baos); baos.flush(); } catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } return baos.toByteArray(); } }
导入excel
<pre name="code" class="java">public class ExcelReader {/*** 读取“.xls”格式使用 import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;包的内容,例如:HSSFWorkbook* 读取“.xlsx”格式使用 import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.*; 包的内容,例如:XSSFWorkbook* 读取两种格式使用 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.* 包的内容,例如:Workbook* @param filePath* @return*/public static List<String[]> readExcel(String filePath){String fullPath = ExcelReader.class.getClassLoader().getResource(filePath).getPath();Workbook wb = null;try {InputStream in = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(fullPath));wb = WorkbookFactory.create(in);} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new RuntimeException(e);} catch (InvalidFormatException e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new RuntimeException(e);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();throw new RuntimeException(e);}List<String[]> list = new ArrayList<String[]>();for (int sheetIndex = 0; sheetIndex < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); sheetIndex++){Sheet st = wb.getSheetAt(sheetIndex);// 第一行为标题,不取for (int rowIndex = 0; rowIndex <= st.getPhysicalNumberOfRows(); rowIndex++){Row row = st.getRow(rowIndex);if (row == null) {continue;}String[] cells = cellArray(row);list.add(cells);}}return list;}private static String[] cellArray(Row row) {String[] cellArray = new String[row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells()];for (int index = 0; index < row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells(); index++) {String value = "";Cell cell = row.getCell(index);if (cell != null) {switch (cell.getCellType()) {case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING :value = cell.getStringCellValue();break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC :if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();if (date != null) {value = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").format(date);} else {value = "";}} else {value = new DecimalFormat("0.00").format(cell.getNumericCellValue());}break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA :try{value = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());} catch(IllegalStateException e){value = String.valueOf(cell.getRichStringCellValue());}break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK :break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_ERROR :value = "";break;case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN :value = (cell.getBooleanCellValue() == true ? "Y" : "N");break;default :value = "";}} else {value = "";}cellArray[index] = value;}return cellArray;}public static void main(String[] args) {List<String[]> list = readExcel("excel/20160517.xls");for(String[] arr:list){System.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));}}}
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