nginx File not found 错误(转) 404

使用php-fpm解析PHP，"No input file specified"，"File not found"是令nginx新手头疼的常见错误，原因是php-fpm进程找不到SCRIPT_FILENAME配置的要执行的.php文件，php-fpm返回给nginx的默认404错误提示。
一、错误的路径被发送到php-fpm进程
出现这类错误，十个有九个是后端fastcgi进程收到错误路径(SCRIPT_FILENAME)，而后端fastcgi收到错误路径的原因大都是配置错误。
常见的nginx.conf的配置如下：

user  www www;
worker_processes  1;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
include       mime.types;
default_type  application/octet-stream;
#log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
#                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
#                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log  logs/access.log  main;
sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;
#keepalive_timeout  0;
keepalive_timeout  65;
#gzip  on;
server {
listen       80;
server_name  localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
location / {
root   /usr/local/nginx/html;     #指定索引文件的目录
index  index.html index.htm index.php;
}
#error_page  404              /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root   html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
#    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1; #}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {                   #开启php解析
root           html;
fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index  index.php;
# fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME          script$fastcgi_script_name
改为：
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;  #指定路径
include         fastcgi_params;
}
# fastcgi_params;
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
#    deny  all;
#}
}

还有一个原因就是因为文件名大小写问题导致的