基于注解的Spring MVC+Hiberntae简单入门
2016-05-10 11:37
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1、概述
本文旨在搭建Spring MVC+Hibernate开发框架，通过一个简单的demo讲解SpringMVC的相关配置文件，以及通过注解方式实现简单功能。
开发框架：Spring + Spring MVC+Hibernate（Spring所用的版本为3.0.5）。
数据库：MySQL（数据库名称test，demo工程所用的表名为user_info）。
2、开发框架搭建
2.1 创建工程
在Eclipse的Java EE版本或MyEclipse中创建一个Dynamic Web Project。并创建如下包：（1）com.dao：系统的DAO；
（2）com.model：表的实体类（使用Hibernate），在该工程中不配置.hbm.xml映射文件，采取注解的方式；
（3）com.service：业务逻辑接口类和实现类；
（4）com.web：Spring MVC的Controllor类；
（5）com.config：Spring和Spring MVC的配置文件。
创建成功后包结构如下所示：
springmvctest
src
----com
----amigo
----dao
----model
----service
----web
----config
WebContent
----META-INF
----WEB-INF
----lib
----classes
2.2 引入相关包
需要将Spring、SpringMVC、Hibernate、MySQL驱动、log4j、c3p0数据源等的相关包引入。lib目录下的jar包如下：
antlr-2.7.6.jar
aopalliance.jar
asm-attrs.jar
asm.jar
c3p0-0.9.0.jar
cglib-2.1.3.jar
commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
commons-beanutils-bean-collections-1.8.0.jar
commons-betwixt-0.8.jar
commons-collections-2.1.1.jar
commons-digester-2.1.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-httpclient.jar
commons-logging.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
ehcache-1.2.3.jar
ejb3-persistence.jar
hibernate-annotations.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations.jar
hibernate-entitymanager.jar
hibernate-validator.jar
hibernate3.jar
jaas.jar
javassist.jar
jaxen-1.1-beta-7.jar
jaxrpc.jar
jboss-archive-browsing.jar
jdbc2_0-stdext.jar
jta.jar
log4j-1.2.11.jar
mysql-connector-java-5.0.4-bin.jar
org.springframework.aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.aspects-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context.support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jms-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.oxm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.test-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j.jar
xerces-2.6.2.jar
xml-apis.jar
2.3 配置文件
2.3.1 配置web.xml
在web.xml中需要配置Spring的配置文件（applicationContext.xml）和SpringMVC配置文件（spring-mvc.xml），配置指定所有.do的请求都由Spring的DispatcherServlet类进行处理。
web.xml文件的参考配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>springmvctest</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:config/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.3.2 配置spring的配置文件
Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml文件中主要配置对Hibernate的事务的管理，该配置文件的参考配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd"> <context:annotation-config />
<!-- 扫描annotation类，过滤Service，Repository -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.amigo" >
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service" />
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Repository" />
</context:component-scan>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/test</value>
</property>
<property name="user">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>123456</value>
</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">
<value>80</value>
</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">
<value>20</value>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.amigo.model*" ></property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">20</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 不破坏数据库,注册SessionFactory -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionInterceptor"
class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"></property>
<property name="transactionAttributes">
<props>
<prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="delete*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="execute*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="merge*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
<prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">
<property name="beanNames">
<list>
<value>*Service</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="interceptorNames">
<list>
<value>transactionInterceptor</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.3.3 配置Spring
MVC配置文件
Spring MVC的配置文件spring-mvc.xml中主要是Controller的配置信息，该文件的参考配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true">
<context:annotation-config />
<!--使Spring支持自动检测组件，如注解的Controller -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.amigo.web"/>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF"
p:suffix=".jsp" />
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" />
<!-- 启动 Spring MVC 的注解功能，完成请求和注解 POJO 的映射 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
</bean>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.4 创建数据库和表
创建test数据库和user_info表的SQL语句如下（为了简便，user_info只有一个USER_NAME字段）：
CREATE DATABASE test;
USER test;
CREATE TABLE user_info (
USER_NAME varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (USER_NAME)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
3、实例代码
3.1 DAO层
BaseHibernateDao类的代码如下所示：package com.amigo.dao;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
import org.springframework.dao.support.DaoSupport;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class BaseHibernateDao extends DaoSupport{
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
@Resource(name="sessionFactory")
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
this.hibernateTemplate=createHibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
public Session getSession() {
if (this.sessionFactory == null) {
throw new HibernateException("Session Create Fail,SessionFactory is null!");
}
return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
protected HibernateTemplate createHibernateTemplate(
SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
@Override
protected void checkDaoConfig() throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (this.hibernateTemplate == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'sessionFactory' or 'hibernateTemplate' is required");
}
}
protected final Session getSession(boolean allowCreate)
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
return (!allowCreate ? SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(), false) : SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(),
this.hibernateTemplate.getEntityInterceptor(), this.hibernateTemplate.getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));
}
protected final DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(
HibernateException ex) {
return this.hibernateTemplate.convertHibernateAccessException(ex);
}
protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
if(null!=session)session=null;
}
public final void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;
}
public final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
return this.hibernateTemplate;
}
}
USER_INFO表的Dao类UserInfoDao类的代码如下所示：
package com.amigo.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserInfoDao extends BaseHibernateDao {
}
3.2 业务逻辑层
接口类IHelloService的代码如下：package com.amigo.service;
public interface IHelloService {
public int addUser(String userName) throws Exception;;
}
实现类HelloService类的代码如下：
package com.amigo.service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.amigo.dao.UserInfoDao;
import com.amigo.model.UserInfo;
@Service("helloService")
@Repository
public class HelloService implements IHelloService {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HelloService.class);
private UserInfoDao userDao;
public UserInfoDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
@Resource
public void setUserDao(UserInfoDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
@Override
public int addUser(String userName) throws Exception {
log.info("----------------addUser---------------");
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setUserName(userName);
userDao.getSession().save(userInfo);
return 1;
}
}
3.3 控制层
控制类HelloControllor类接收userName参数，并调用相应的Service类将用户名保存到USER_INFO表中，该类的代码如下：package com.amigo.web;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.amigo.service.IHelloService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class HelloControllor {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(HelloControllor.class);
private IHelloService helloService;
public IHelloService getHelloService() {
return helloService;
}
@Resource
public void setHelloService(IHelloService helloService) {
this.helloService = helloService;
}
@RequestMapping("/hello.do")
public @ResponseBody
String sayHello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
log.info("userName=" + userName);
int resultCode = helloService.addUser(userName);
String rspInfo = "你好!" + userName + ",操作结果码=" + resultCode;
response.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.getOutputStream().write(rspInfo.getBytes("UTF-8"));
return "";
}
}
@Controller注解标识一个控制器，@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径；如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上，则表示一相对路径，在方法级别上，则标记访问路径；
4、测试
测试时可以通过访问http://localhost:8080/springmvctest/test/hello.do?userName=amigo777，通过userName参数将用户名添加到USER_INFO表中。从实例代码可以看出，POJO、DAO层、Service层和Controller层都是采用注解的方式将service、dao注入的，减少了配置量，方便了开发工作。
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