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[Java视频笔记]day12

2016-05-01 12:04 513 查看
线程间通讯:其实就是多个线程在操作同一个资源,但是操作的动作不同。

 

wait()

notify()

notifyAll()

都是用在同步中(在同步语句之中),因为要对持有监视器(锁)的线程操作。所以要使用在同步中,因为只有同步才具有锁。

 

为什么这些操作线程的方法要定义在Object类中呢?

因为这些方法在操作同步中线程时,都必须要标识它们所操作线程所持有的锁,只有同一个锁上的被等待线程可以被同一个锁上的notify()唤醒,不可以对不同锁中的线程进行唤醒(下面代码中的r.notify(),不能只写notify())。也就是说,等待和唤醒必须是同一个锁。而锁可以是任意对象,所以可以被任意对象调用的方法定义在Object类中。

class Res
{
String name;
String sex;
boolean flag = false;
}

class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{
synchronized(r)
{
if(r.flag == true)
{
try{r.wait();} catch(Exception e){};
}
if(x == 0)
{
r.name = "mike";
r.sex = "man";
}else
{
r.name = "丽丽";
r.sex = "女女女";
}
x = (x + 1) % 2;
r.flag = true;
r.notify();//唤醒线程池的最先等待的线程,notifyAll()是唤醒所有等待线程
}
}
}
}

class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
synchronized(r)//内存中唯一的锁,写Input.class也可以
{
if(r.flag == false)
{
try{r.wait();} catch(Exception e){};
}
System.out.println(r.name+"....."+r.sex);
r.flag = false;
r.notify();
}
}
}
}

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();

Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);

Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);

t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}

代码优化以后:

class Res
{
private String name;
private String sex;
private boolean flag = false;

public synchronized void set(String name, String sex)
{
if(flag)
try{this.wait();} catch(Exception e){};
this.name = name;
this.sex = sex;
flag = true;
this.notify();
}

public synchronized void out()
{
if(!flag)
try{this.wait();} catch(Exception e){};
System.out.println(name+"....."+sex);
flag = false;
this.notify();
}
}

class Input implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Input(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
int x = 0;
while(true)
{

if(x == 0)
{
r.set("mike", "man");
}else
{
r.set("丽丽", "女女女女");
}
x = (x + 1) % 2;

}
}
}

class Output implements Runnable
{
private Res r;
Output(Res r)
{
this.r = r;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
r.out();
}
}
}

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Res r = new Res();

/*
Input in = new Input(r);
Output out = new Output(r);

Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
Thread t2 = new Thread(out);

t1.start();
t2.start();
*/
new Thread(new Input(r)).start();
new Thread(new Output(r)).start();
}
}

多个生产者和多个消费者

关键点:while(flag)循环判断   notifyAll()唤醒所有

class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;

public synchronized void set(String name)
{
while(flag)
try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者..."+this.name);
flag = true;
this.notifyAll();
}

public synchronized void out()
{
while(!flag)
try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者......"+this.name);
flag = false;
this.notifyAll();
}
}

class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
res.out();
}
}
}
class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();

Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);

Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);

t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}

对于多个生产者和消费者。

为什么要定义while判断标记?因为让被唤醒的线程再一次判断标记。

 

为什么定义notifyAll?因为需要唤醒对方线程。因为只用notify,容易出现只唤醒本方线程的情况。导致程序中的所有线程都等待。

 

JDK1.5中提供了多线程升级解决方案。

将同步Synchronized替换成了显示的Lock操作。

将Object中的wait notify notifyAll
替换成了 Condition对象。

该对象可以通过Lock锁进行获取。一个锁可以对应多个Condition对象。

在下面实例中,实现了本方只唤醒对方的操作。

import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

class Resource
{
private String name;
private int count = 1;
private boolean flag = false;

private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();
private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();
public void set(String name)throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();//锁上
try
{
while(flag)
condition_pro.await();
this.name = name+"--"+count++;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...生产者..."+this.name);
flag = true;
condition_con.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();//释放锁的动作一定要执行
}
}

public void out()throws InterruptedException
{
lock.lock();
try
{
while(!flag)
condition_con.await();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...消费者......"+this.name);
flag = false;
condition_pro.signal();
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}

class Producer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Producer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
res.set("+商品+");
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{

}
}
}
}

class Consumer implements Runnable
{
private Resource res;
Consumer(Resource res)
{
this.res = res;
}
public void run()
{
while(true)
{
try
{
res.out();
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{

}
}
}
}
class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Resource r = new Resource();

Producer pro = new Producer(r);
Consumer con = new Consumer(r);

Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
Thread t4 = new Thread(con);

t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
t4.start();
}
}

停止线程:

 

stop方法已经过时。

如何停止线程?只有一种,run方法结束。

开启多线程运行,运行代码通常是循环结构。

只要控制住循环,就可以让run方法结束,也就是线程结束。

 

特殊情况:

当线程处于冻结状态,就不会读取标记,那么线程就不会结束。比如下面这个例子:

class StopThread implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public synchronized void run()
{
while(flag)
{
try
{
wait();
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....Exception");
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();

Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);

t1.start();
t2.start();

int num = 0;
while(true)
{
if(num ++ == 60)
{
st.changeFlag();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..."+num);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}

当没有指定的方式让冻结的线程恢复到运行状态时,这时需要对冻结进行清除。

强制让线程恢复到运行状态中来,这样就可以操作标记让线程结束。

Thread类中提供该方法,interrupt();

class StopThread implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public synchronized void run()
{
while(flag)
{
try
{
wait();
}
catch (InterruptedException e)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....Exception");
flag = false;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();

Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);

t1.start();
t2.start();

int num = 0;
while(true)
{
if(num ++ == 60)
{
t1.interrupt();
t2.interrupt();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..."+num);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}

setDaemon(boolean)方法,将该线程标记为守护线程,当正在运行的线程都是守护线程时,java虚拟机退出(程序退出).该方法必须在启动线程前调用。守护线程也可以形象地理解为后台线程,而主线程称为前台线程,当前台线程执行完毕,那么所有的后台线程随之结束。

class StopThread implements Runnable
{
private boolean flag = true;
public void run()
{
while(flag)
{

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+".....run");
}
}
public void changeFlag()
{
flag = false;
}
}

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
StopThread st = new StopThread();

Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
Thread t2 = new Thread(st);

t1.setDaemon(true);
t2.setDaemon(true);
t1.start();
t2.start();

int num = 0;
while(true)
{
if(num ++ == 60)
{
//t1.interrupt();
//t2.interrupt();
break;
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..."+num);
}
//System.out.println("over");
}
}

join()方法:

当A线程执行到了B线程的.join()方法时,A线程就回等到,等B线程都执行完,A才会执行。

join可以用来临时加入线程执行。

class Demo implements Runnable
{
public void run()
{
for(int x = 0; x < 79; x ++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..."+x);
}
}
}

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
Demo d = new Demo();
Thread t1 = new Thread(d);
Thread t2 = new Thread(d);
t1.start();

t1.join();//t1要CPU执行权,join抢夺CPU执行权,等到t1结束,和t2没关系,主线程才能向下执行

t2.start();

for(int x = 0; x < 80; x ++)
{
System.out.println("main...."+x);
}
System.out.println("over");
}
}

如果这样写:

t1.start();

t2.start();

t1.join();

在t1 join之前,已经启动了两个线程,t1和t2交替运行,join之后,主线程被冻结,等t1运行结束之后(t2运行完不完没有关系,只要t1运行结束了就可以),主线程和t2抢夺控制权。

 

t1.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
设置优先级,优先级越高,越容易拿到控制权

优先级1到10,一般明显的有3个,
1 5 10 ,分别定义为MIN_PRIORITY   NORM_PRIORITY

MAX_PRIORITY

yield()方法,停止当前线程,去运行其他线程。

某些代码需要被同时执行时,就用单独的线程进行封装。如下:

class day12
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
new Thread()
{
public void run()
{
for(int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...."+x);
}
}

}.start();

Runnable r = new Runnable()
{
public void run()
{
for(int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...."+x);
}
}
};
new Thread(r).start();

for(int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"...."+x);
}
}
}
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