oracle数据库学习1
2016-04-22 23:19
351 查看
前面已经写完如何安装oracle数据库了,下面就是介绍一下如何学习oracle数据库进行学习了。
一 判断数据库是否进行启动
[oracle@zjk ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle 1869 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora138
oracle 1871 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora138
oracle 1873 1 1 23:14 ? 00:00:05 ora_vktm_ora138
oracle 1877 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora138
oracle 1879 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ora138
oracle 1881 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora138
oracle 1883 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora138
oracle 1885 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:03 ora_mman_ora138
oracle 1887 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora138
oracle 1892 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora138
oracle 1894 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora138
oracle 1896 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ora138
oracle 1898 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ora138
oracle 1900 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ora138
oracle 1902 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ora138
oracle 1904 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ora138
oracle 1906 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ora138
oracle 1992 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ora138
oracle 2049 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ora138
oracle 2052 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ora138
oracle 2054 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ora138
oracle 2113 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_vkrm_ora138
oracle 2310 1 0 23:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_ora138
oracle 2312 1 0 23:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_ora138
oracle 2486 1 0 23:20 ? 00:00:00 ora_w001_ora138
oracle 2491 1 0 23:20 ? 00:00:00 ora_w002_ora138
oracle 2515 2402 0 23:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_
或者
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
又或者
[oracle@zjk ~]$ netstat -an | grep :1521
tcp 0 0 192.168.80.138:28604 192.168.80.138:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.80.138:1521 ::ffff:192.168.80.138:28604 ESTABLISHED
二 数据库的连接方式
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
对scott用户进行解锁
SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock;
User altered.
三 了解数据库的变量
1 显示当前数据库的用户名
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
2 显示编译错误
SQL> show error;
3 显示对象的结构
SQL> desc emp;
4 如何某一列的列有点长,可以这么做
col 列名 for a长度 比如 col name for a30;
5 清屏命令
SQL> cle scr
6 显示所有变量
SQL> show all
7 其它命令
如果当你查询数据的时候,显示的不是那么规范,使用下面的命令,
SQL> set linesize 100 显示一行能够显示数据的长度
set autoc on|off 打开或者关闭sql语句自动提交的功能
如果想要将查询的数据输出到文件中,可以这样进行操作
SQL> spool 1.c rep
SQL> select * from cat;
SQL> spool off
然后打开1.c可以发现和select * from cat 显示的数据是一样的。
数据库中文显示的问题
显示中文
[oracle@zjk ~]$ export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china.al32utf8'
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期六 4月 23
984b
00:06:02 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
不显示中文
[oracle@zjk ~]$ export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china.zhs16gbk'
oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 3 00:08:03 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
8 修改系统显示时间的方式和查询时间的方式
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format="yyyy-mm-dd";
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
----------
2016-04-23
9 显示数据库中的实例名
[oracle@zjk ~]$ lsnrctl status
还可以这样
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Apr 23 08:01:31 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
ora138
最后还可以这样
[oracle@zjk ~]$ tail -1 /etc/oratab
ora138:/u01/oracle/11g:N # line added by Agent
这一节就写到这里了,欢迎看下一节oracle数据库的操纵命令。
一 判断数据库是否进行启动
[oracle@zjk ~]$ ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle 1869 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_ora138
oracle 1871 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_ora138
oracle 1873 1 1 23:14 ? 00:00:05 ora_vktm_ora138
oracle 1877 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_ora138
oracle 1879 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_ora138
oracle 1881 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_ora138
oracle 1883 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dia0_ora138
oracle 1885 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:03 ora_mman_ora138
oracle 1887 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_ora138
oracle 1892 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_lgwr_ora138
oracle 1894 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_ckpt_ora138
oracle 1896 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_ora138
oracle 1898 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_ora138
oracle 1900 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmon_ora138
oracle 1902 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_ora138
oracle 1904 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_ora138
oracle 1906 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_s000_ora138
oracle 1992 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_qmnc_ora138
oracle 2049 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_cjq0_ora138
oracle 2052 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_q000_ora138
oracle 2054 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_q001_ora138
oracle 2113 1 0 23:14 ? 00:00:00 ora_vkrm_ora138
oracle 2310 1 0 23:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_smco_ora138
oracle 2312 1 0 23:15 ? 00:00:00 ora_w000_ora138
oracle 2486 1 0 23:20 ? 00:00:00 ora_w001_ora138
oracle 2491 1 0 23:20 ? 00:00:00 ora_w002_ora138
oracle 2515 2402 0 23:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_
或者
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
又或者
[oracle@zjk ~]$ netstat -an | grep :1521
tcp 0 0 192.168.80.138:28604 192.168.80.138:1521 ESTABLISHED
tcp 0 0 :::1521 :::* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 ::ffff:192.168.80.138:1521 ::ffff:192.168.80.138:28604 ESTABLISHED
二 数据库的连接方式
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
对scott用户进行解锁
SQL> alter user scott identified by tiger account unlock;
User altered.
三 了解数据库的变量
1 显示当前数据库的用户名
SQL> show user
USER is "SCOTT"
2 显示编译错误
SQL> show error;
3 显示对象的结构
SQL> desc emp;
4 如何某一列的列有点长,可以这么做
col 列名 for a长度 比如 col name for a30;
5 清屏命令
SQL> cle scr
6 显示所有变量
SQL> show all
7 其它命令
如果当你查询数据的时候,显示的不是那么规范,使用下面的命令,
SQL> set linesize 100 显示一行能够显示数据的长度
set autoc on|off 打开或者关闭sql语句自动提交的功能
如果想要将查询的数据输出到文件中,可以这样进行操作
SQL> spool 1.c rep
SQL> select * from cat;
SQL> spool off
然后打开1.c可以发现和select * from cat 显示的数据是一样的。
数据库中文显示的问题
显示中文
[oracle@zjk ~]$ export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china.al32utf8'
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 星期六 4月 23
984b
00:06:02 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
不显示中文
[oracle@zjk ~]$ export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese_china.zhs16gbk'
oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on 3 00:08:03 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL>
8 修改系统显示时间的方式和查询时间的方式
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format="yyyy-mm-dd";
SQL> select sysdate from dual;
SYSDATE
----------
2016-04-23
9 显示数据库中的实例名
[oracle@zjk ~]$ lsnrctl status
还可以这样
[oracle@zjk ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Apr 23 08:01:31 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
ora138
最后还可以这样
[oracle@zjk ~]$ tail -1 /etc/oratab
ora138:/u01/oracle/11g:N # line added by Agent
这一节就写到这里了,欢迎看下一节oracle数据库的操纵命令。
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