C# 访问USB(HID)设备

原文:C# 访问USB(HID)设备二话不说，直接给代码，如果您真想做这方面的东西，还是稍微研究下，没有现成的好类用，就需要自己了解其原理

//引用空间

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.ComponentModel;

using System.Data;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Text;

using System.Windows.Forms;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Threading;

using System.Collections;

using System.IO;

//以下是调用windows的API的函数

//获得GUID

[DllImport("hid.dll")]

public static extern void HidD_GetHidGuid(ref Guid HidGuid);

Guid guidHID = Guid.Empty;

//过滤设备，获取需要的设备

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

public static extern IntPtr SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref Guid ClassGuid, uint Enumerator, IntPtr HwndParent, DIGCF Flags);

IntPtr hDevInfo;

//获取设备，true获取到

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]

public static extern Boolean SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(IntPtr hDevInfo, IntPtr devInfo, ref Guid interfaceClassGuid, UInt32 memberIndex, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData);

public struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA

{

public int cbSize ;

public Guid interfaceClassGuid;

public int flags;

public int reserved;

}

// 获取接口的详细信息 必须调用两次 第1次返回长度 第2次获取数据

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]

private static extern bool SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(IntPtr deviceInfoSet, ref SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA deviceInterfaceData, IntPtr deviceInterfaceDetailData,

int deviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, ref int requiredSize, SP_DEVINFO_DATA deviceInfoData);

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public class SP_DEVINFO_DATA

{

public int cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));

public Guid classGuid = Guid.Empty; // temp

public int devInst = 0; // dumy

public int reserved = 0;

}

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 2)]

internal struct SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA

{

internal int cbSize;

internal short devicePath;

}

public enum DIGCF

{

DIGCF_DEFAULT = 0x1,

DIGCF_PRESENT = 0x2,

DIGCF_ALLCLASSES = 0x4,

DIGCF_PROFILE = 0x8,

DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE = 0x10

}

//获取设备文件

[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]

private static extern int CreateFile(

string lpFileName, // file name

uint dwDesiredAccess, // access mode

uint dwShareMode, // share mode

uint lpSecurityAttributes, // SD

uint dwCreationDisposition, // how to create

uint dwFlagsAndAttributes, // file attributes

uint hTemplateFile // handle to template file

);

//读取设备文件

[DllImport("Kernel32.dll",SetLastError = true)]

private static extern bool ReadFile

(

IntPtr hFile,

byte[] lpBuffer,

uint nNumberOfBytesToRead,

ref uint lpNumberOfBytesRead,

IntPtr lpOverlapped

);

//释放设备

[DllImport("hid.dll")]

static public extern bool HidD_FreePreparsedData(ref IntPtr PreparsedData);

//关闭访问设备句柄，结束进程的时候把这个加上保险点

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

static public extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);

接下来是访问设备的代码

//代码暂时没有整理，传入参数是设备序号,

//有些USB设备其实有很多HID设备，就是一个接口上有几个设备，这个时候需要

//用index++来逐个循环，直到获取设备返回false后，跳出去，把获取的设备

//路径全记录下来就好了，我这里知道具体设备号，所以没有循环，浪费我时间

//定于句柄序号和一些参数，具体可以去网上找这些API的参数说明，后文我看能不能把资料也写上去

int HidHandle = -1;

public const uint GENERIC_READ = 0x80000000;

public const uint GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;

public const uint FILE_SHARE_READ= 0x00000001;

public const uint FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x00000002;

public const int OPEN_EXISTING = 3;

private void UsBMethod(int index)

{

HidD_GetHidGuid(ref guidHID);

hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(ref guidHID, 0, IntPtr.Zero, DIGCF.DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF.DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);

int bufferSize = 0;

ArrayList HIDUSBAddress = new ArrayList();

//while (true)

//{

//获取设备，true获取到

SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA();

DeviceInterfaceData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(DeviceInterfaceData);

//for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)

//{

bool result = SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, IntPtr.Zero, ref guidHID, (UInt32)index, ref DeviceInterfaceData);

//}

//第一次调用出错，但可以返回正确的Size

SP_DEVINFO_DATA strtInterfaceData = new SP_DEVINFO_DATA();

result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, IntPtr.Zero, 0, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);

//第二次调用传递返回值，调用即可成功

IntPtr detailDataBuffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(bufferSize);

SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA detailData = new SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA();

detailData.cbSize = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA));

Marshal.StructureToPtr(detailData, detailDataBuffer, false);

result = SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, ref DeviceInterfaceData, detailDataBuffer, bufferSize, ref bufferSize, strtInterfaceData);

if (result == false)

{

//break;

}

//获取设备路径访

IntPtr pdevicePathName = (IntPtr)((int)detailDataBuffer + 4);

string devicePathName = Marshal.PtrToStringAuto(pdevicePathName);

HIDUSBAddress.Add(devicePathName);

//index++;

//break;

//}

//连接设备文件

int aa = CT_CreateFile(devicePathName);

bool bb = USBDataRead(HidHandle);

}

//建立和设备的连接

public unsafe int CT_CreateFile(string DeviceName)

{

HidHandle = CreateFile(

DeviceName,

GENERIC_READ,// | GENERIC_WRITE,//读写，或者一起

FILE_SHARE_READ,// | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,//共享读写，或者一起

0,

OPEN_EXISTING,

0,

0);

if (HidHandle == -1)

{

return 0;

}

else

{

return 1;

}

}

//根据CreateFile拿到的设备handle访问文件，并返回数据

public unsafe bool USBDataRead(int handle)

{

while (true)

{

uint read = 0;

//注意字节的长度，我这里写的是8位，其实可以通过API获取具体的长度，这样安全点，

//具体方法我知道，但是没有写，过几天整理完代码，一起给出来

Byte[] m_rd_data = new Byte[8];

bool isread = ReadFile((IntPtr)handle, m_rd_data, (uint)8, ref read, IntPtr.Zero);

//这里已经是拿到的数据了

Byte[] m_rd_dataout = new Byte[read];

Array.Copy(m_rd_data, m_rd_dataout, read);

}

}

OK，如果只是获取USB传过来的数据，这里已经足够了，但是有点要注意，2000和XP如果要获取HID键盘和鼠标的数据，readfile是不行的，；

在Win2000和WinXP下不能用CreateFile+ReadFile/WriteFile的方式来读写标准鼠标和标准键盘的数据，因为它们是系统独占的（Exlusive）。

如果你是其他HID类设备，比如游戏手柄或者自定义HID设备，都可以用上面的方式来收发数据，

怎么访问我暂时也不知道，估计要用它方法，看到有些软件是用截取的手段，估计是用钩子了吧。。

还有获取报文长度的代码，如果不确定报文长度，或者为了驱动适应变化，就用一下代码来确定报文的长度

//获取设备具体信息

[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]

private unsafe static extern int HidP_GetCaps(

int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA, // IN PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA PreparsedData,

ref HIDP_CAPS myPHIDP_CAPS); // OUT PHIDP_CAPS Capabilities

[DllImport("hid.dll", SetLastError = true)]

private unsafe static extern int HidD_GetPreparsedData(

int hObject, // IN HANDLE HidDeviceObject,

ref int pPHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA);

// HIDP_CAPS

[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

public unsafe struct HIDP_CAPS

{

public System.UInt16 Usage; // USHORT

public System.UInt16 UsagePage; // USHORT

public System.UInt16 InputReportByteLength;

public System.UInt16 OutputReportByteLength;

public System.UInt16 FeatureReportByteLength;

[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 17)]

public System.UInt16[] Reserved; // USHORT Reserved[17];

public System.UInt16 NumberLinkCollectionNodes;

public System.UInt16 NumberInputButtonCaps;

public System.UInt16 NumberInputValueCaps;

public System.UInt16 NumberInputDataIndices;

public System.UInt16 NumberOutputButtonCaps;

public System.UInt16 NumberOutputValueCaps;

public System.UInt16 NumberOutputDataIndices;

public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureButtonCaps;

public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureValueCaps;

public System.UInt16 NumberFeatureDataIndices;

}

int reportLength = 8;

//获取设备发送的字节的长度(也有其他信息)

int myPtrToPreparsedData = -1;

int result1 = HidD_GetPreparsedData(handle, ref myPtrToPreparsedData);

HIDP_CAPS myHIDP_CAPS = new HIDP_CAPS();

int result2 = HidP_GetCaps(myPtrToPreparsedData, ref myHIDP_CAPS);

reportLength = myHIDP_CAPS.InputReportByteLength;

再补充点，释放设备资源的时候需要用到

//释放设备的访问

[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]

internal static extern int CloseHandle(int hObject);

//释放设备

[DllImport("setupapi.dll", SetLastError = true)]

internal static extern IntPtr SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(IntPtr DeviceInfoSet);

public void Dispost()

{

//释放设备资源(hDevInfo是SetupDiGetClassDevs获取的)

SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);

//关闭连接(HidHandle是Create的时候获取的)

CloseHandle(HidHandle);

}

ok
了.