SpringMVC教程（一）框架搭建

本教程框架为基于全注解的SpringMVC+Spring4.2+hibernate4.3，开发工具为myEclipse.

整体目录结构如下图：



最近在鼓捣SpringMVC框架，现将成果都记录下来，免得前学后忘。之前用的框架一直是S2SH，一直苦于要配置一堆的配置文件，自从接触SpringMVC，发现这才是我一直想要的框架，基于全注解，开发过程中零配置，实在快哉。此教程非常适合零基础的人学习回归正题，基于全注解驱动的SpringMVC+Spring4.2+hibernate4.3框架搭建（整合）过程如下，：

开发工具为myEclipse

第一步：新建一个web项目

第二步：加入所需的jar包



jar包下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/qq_33556185/9472726

第三步：接下来我们开始配置SpringMVC容器

为了分工明确，我们将SpringMVC的配置单独写在spring-servlet.xml里，Spring的配置写在spring-common.xml（事务、数据源、sessionFactory等等）里。

spring-common.xml和spring-servlet.xml先加入如下schemal

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:websocket="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd">[/code]然后spring容器的配置先放下，先来配置springMVC（spring-servlet.xml）的配置 在schemal的结尾处加入这一句：default-autowire="byName" ，依赖注入将根据name自动装配。

接下来启动注解驱动的SpringMVC功能：

<mvc:annotation-driven />


扫描注解包（在SpringMVC的容器里，只扫描Controller注解就行了）

<context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc.rest"
use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>


use-default-filters默认为true，默认会扫描@Component、@Controller、@Repository、@Service的注解，在这里只扫描@Controller注解是因为，SpringMVC的容器没有事务的能力，所以扫描@Repository、@Service的注解只能放在Spring的容器。也正因为如此，事务的配置要写在Spring的容器。

然后是对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀（前缀是从控制器里返回的视图的父目录，此处配置的是让容器在WEB-INF/view/下找寻对应的视图；后缀是给视图名称追加后缀名，此处配置的是jsp后缀）

<bean  class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"  p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/" p:suffix=".jsp" />


配置CommonsMultpartResolver，上传文件的时候要用到CommonsMultpartResolver，maxUploadSize设置上传文件的大小限制，上传文件必须先配置此解析器。

<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760" />
</bean>


配置login视图解析，在登录拦截器里，校验未登录的话，要跳转到登录页面，然后由于login页面放在WEB-INF目录下，所以设置跳转到login.jsp会跳转不过去，在此处设置如下，在返回此view-name的地方，容器便不会当作Controller的路径，当作视图的路径跳转，在拦截器里便可以跳转到login页面（此配置告诉容器，这不是一个controller的方法的路径，而是一个视图的名称，请当作视图处理）。

<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="login" />


拦截器的配置也是放在SpringMVC的容器里，拦截器以后的文章里再详细解说。

到此spring-servlet.xml的配置就告一段落了，spring-servlet.xml的全文如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--suppress ALL -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd" default-autowire="byName">
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- controller包(自动注入) -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc.rest" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 对模型视图名称的解析，在请求时模型视图名称添加前后缀 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
p:prefix="/WEB-INF/view/" p:suffix=".jsp" />
<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="login" />
<bean id="multipartResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
<property name="maxUploadSize" value="10485760" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置拦截器, 多个拦截器,顺序执行
<mvc:interceptors>
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/*" />
 <bean class="com.mvc.rest.interceptor.CommonInterceptor"></bean>
</mvc:interceptor> </mvc:interceptors> -->
</beans>

第四步：我们配置web.xml

先配置CharacterEncodingFilter编码过滤器，此过滤器必须放在配置文件的最上面，有多个过滤器的时候，也应该放在第一位。encoding目标编码，forceEncoding设为true,会忽略请求来源的编码，强制使用encoding设置的编码。

<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>


然后配置ContextLoaderListener，此监听用来加载我们写的配置文件

<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
然后加载Spring配置文件

<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath*:/spring/spring-common.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
接下来就是配置SpringMVC的核心Servlet，所有请求都要先经过DispatcherServlet，然后进行分发到对应的控制器。该Servlet须第一个被加载，且在初始化的时候去加载SpringMVC的配置文件——spring-servlet.xml

<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<description>spring mvc</description>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:/spring/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
然后设置DispatcherServlet拦截的请求，此处的servlet-name，即是上面配置的DispatcherServlet的name，url-pattern设置为斜杠，则会拦截所有请求，也即静态资源html、css、js也直接请求。

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
为此，我们需要设置，哪些资源不进行拦截

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/html/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/js/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/css/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/images/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
到此，SpringMVC就可以正常使用了。
欢迎页面的设置，原本此处只能设置视图名，*.jsp或者*.html，因为在spring-servlet.xml里设置了视图解析：<mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="login" />，所以，此处设置为welcome-file设置为login，容器便会将其解析为视图login.jsp，绕过WEB-INFO下的资源无法直接访问的限制。

<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
我们还可以设置error-page的页面

<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/html/error/404.html</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<error-code>500</error-code>
<location>/html/error/500.html</location>
</error-page>
为了集成hibernate，我们还要配置OpenSessionInViewFilter，此过滤器会将Hibernate的Session和一次完整的请求过程绑定起来，事务控制，必须配置此过滤器。

<filter>
<filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

完整的web.xml的配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath*:/spring/spring-common.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<description>spring mvc</description>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:/spring/spring-servlet.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<filter>
<filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/html/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/js/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/css/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/images/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<error-page>
<error-code>404</error-code>
<location>/html/error/404.html</location>
</error-page>
<error-page>
<error-code>500</error-code>
<location>/html/error/500.html</location>
</error-page>
</web-app>


第五步：配置spring-common.xml（数据源、事务、sessionFactory）

配置数据源jdbc.properties:

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc\:mysql\://121.40.90.125\:3306/test
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=exceptoin882465\!@\#

解析properties：

<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">   </span><property name="locations">
<value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">   </span></property>
</bean>
数据库连接池的配置取properties中的值：

<bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close"<span style="font-family:Microsoft YaHei;">  </span>class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>


若不设置url的编码，在mysql数据库里，保存进去的中文会变成问号。

配置sessionFactory

<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- 注解方式配置 -->
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>com.mvc.rest.entity</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
packagesToScan扫描我们的hibernate实体文件。

最后配置事务

<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="edit*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="register*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="all" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="changePassword*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="restPassword*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="authorize*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="send*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="init*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<!-- <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/> -->
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation"
expression="execution(* com.mvc.rest.service.impl.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" />
</aop:config>
完整的spring-common.xml的配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--suppress ALL -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xmlns:websocket="http://www.springframework.org/schema/websocket"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc.rest" />
<!-- properties文件解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="locations">
            <value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource" destroy-method="close"
        class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
    </bean>
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- 注解方式配置 -->
<property name="packagesToScan">
<list>
<value>com.mvc.rest.entity</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="edit*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="register*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="all" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="changePassword*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="restPassword*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="authorize*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="send*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="init*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<!-- <tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/> -->
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<aop:config>
<aop:pointcut id="serviceOperation"
expression="execution(* com.mvc.rest.service.impl.*.*(..))" />
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="serviceOperation" />
</aop:config>
</beans>


到此，基于全注解的SpringMVC+Spring4.2+hibernate4.3框架搭建大功告成。