您的位置:首页 > 编程语言 > ASP

史上最全的ASP.NET MVC路由配置

2016-03-25 15:50 711 查看
继续延续坑爹标题系列。其实只是把apress.pro.asp.net.mvc.4.framework里的CHAPTER 13翻译过来罢了,当做自己总结吧。内容看看就好,排版就不要吐槽了,反正我知道你也不会反对的。

XD 首先说URL的构造。 其实这个也谈不上构造,只是语法特性吧。



命名参数规范+匿名对象


routes.MapRoute( name: “Default”, url: “{controller}/{action}/{id}”, defaults: new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional } );


构造路由然后添加


Route myRoute = new Route(“{controller}/{action}”, new MvcRouteHandler()); routes.Add(“MyRoute”, myRoute);


直接方法重载+匿名对象


routes.MapRoute(“ShopSchema”, “Shop/{action}”, new { controller = “Home” });


个人觉得第一种比较易懂,第二种方便调试,第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。

1.默认路由(MVC自带)


routes.MapRoute( “Default”, // 路由名称 “{controller}/{action}/{id}”, // 带有参数的 URL new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) );


2.静态URL段


routes.MapRoute(“ShopSchema2″, “Shop/OldAction”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index” });

routes.MapRoute(“ShopSchema”, “Shop/{action}”, new { controller = “Home” }); <br><br>routes.MapRoute(“ShopSchema2″, “Shop/OldAction.js”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index” });


没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js,response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段(好吧这翻译暴露智商了)


routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute2″, “{controller}/{action}/{id}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = “DefaultId” });


这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话,因为第三段(id)没有值,根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出


ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];


图不贴了,结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值,在视图赋值没法编译的。

4.再述默认路由

然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法,这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解,实际参数是用户发来的,我们做 的只是定义形式参数名。但是,如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话,建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如:


public ActionResult Index(string id = “abcd”) { ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]; return View(); }


5.可变长度路由


routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute”, “{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional });


在这里id和最后一段都是可变的,所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/…..

6.跨命名空间路由

这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间,开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流,不建议瞎搞。


routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute”, “{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers”, “UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers” });


但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的,如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。


routes.MapRoute(“AddContollerRoute”, “Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers” });

routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute”, “{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.Controllers” });


这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦,也就不再往下找啦。


Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute(“AddContollerRoute”, “Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”, new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers” }); <br><br>myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;


7.正则表达式匹配路由


routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute”, “{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”,

new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional },

new { controller = “^H.*”},

new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.Controllers”});


约束多个URL


routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute”, “{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”,

new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional },

new { controller = “^H.*”, action = “^Index$|^About$”},

new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.Controllers”});


8.指定请求方法


routes.MapRoute(“MyRoute”, “{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}”,

new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index”, id = UrlParameter.Optional },

new { controller = “^H.*”, action = “Index|About”, httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint(“GET”) },

new[] { “URLsAndRoutes.Controllers” });


9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。


using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Web;

using System.Web.Routing;

/// <summary>

/// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you
can define your own custom constraints by implementing the
IRouteConstraint interface.

/// </summary>

public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint

{

private string requiredUserAgent;

public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam)

{

requiredUserAgent = agentParam;

}

public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName,

RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)

{

return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null &&

httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);

}

}

routes.MapRoute(“ChromeRoute”, “{*catchall}”,

new { controller = “Home”, action = “Index” },

new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint(“Chrome”) },

new[] { “UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers” });


比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

10.访问本地文档


routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;

routes.MapRoute(“DiskFile”, “Content/StaticContent.html”, new { controller = “Customer”, action = “List”, });


浏览网站,以开启 IIS Express,然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点


<add name=”UrlRoutingModule-4.0″
type=”System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule”
preCondition=”managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0″ />


把这个节点里的preCondition删除,变成


<add name=”UrlRoutingModule-4.0″ type=”System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule” preCondition=”" />


11.直接访问本地资源,绕过了路由系统


routes.IgnoreRoute(“Content/{filename}.html”);


文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这
个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话,后面的规则都无效了。
这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute(“{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}”);写最前面的原因。

路由测试(在测试项目的基础上,要装moq)


PM> Install-Package Moq

using System;

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;

using System.Web;

using Moq;

using System.Web.Routing;

using System.Reflection;

[TestClass]

public class RoutesTest

{

private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = “GET”)

{

// create the mock request

Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();

mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath)

.Returns(targetUrl);

mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);

// create the mock response

Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();

mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier(

It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s);

// create the mock context, using the request and response

Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();

mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);

mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);

// return the mocked context

return mockContext.Object;

}

private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string
action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = “GET”)

{

// Arrange

RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();

RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);

// Act – process the route

RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));

// Assert

Assert.IsNotNull(result);

Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties));

}

private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null)

{

Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) =>

{

return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase

.Compare(v1, v2) == 0;

};

bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller)

&& valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action);

if (propertySet != null)

{

PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();

foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo)

{

if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)

&& valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],

pi.GetValue(propertySet, null))))

{

result = false;

break;

}

}

}

return result;

}

private void TestRouteFail(string url)

{

// Arrange

RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();

RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);

// Act – process the route

RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));

// Assert

Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null);

}

[TestMethod]

public void TestIncomingRoutes()

{

// check for the URL that we hope to receive

TestRouteMatch(“~/Admin/Index”, “Admin”, “Index”);

// check that the values are being obtained from the segments

TestRouteMatch(“~/One/Two”, “One”, “Two”);

// ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match

TestRouteFail(“~/Admin/Index/Segment”);//失败

TestRouteFail(“~/Admin”);//失败

TestRouteMatch(“~/”, “Home”, “Index”);

TestRouteMatch(“~/Customer”, “Customer”, “Index”);

TestRouteMatch(“~/Customer/List”, “Customer”, “List”);

TestRouteFail(“~/Customer/List/All”);//失败

TestRouteMatch(“~/Customer/List/All”, “Customer”, “List”, new { id = “All” });

TestRouteMatch(“~/Customer/List/All/Delete”, “Customer”, “List”, new { id = “All”, catchall = “Delete” });

TestRouteMatch(“~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm”, “Customer”, “List”, new { id = “All”, catchall = “Delete/Perm” });

}

}

内容来自用户分享和网络整理,不保证内容的准确性,如有侵权内容,可联系管理员处理 点击这里给我发消息
标签: