【Django】 gunicorn部署纪要

特点

Gunicorn是基于prefork模式的Python wsgi应用服务器，支持 Unix like的系统

采用epoll (Linux下) 非阻塞网络I/O 模型

多种Worker类型可以选择 同步的，基于事件的（gevent tornado等），基于多线程的

高性能，比之uwsgi不相上下

配置使用非常简单

支持 Python 2.x >= 2.6 or Python 3.x >= 3.2

操作

Gunicron 安装很简单

pip install gunicorn

或者用easy_install ，源码方式都可以，基本是纯Python代码，安装一般比较顺利，最好配合

virtualenv

一起使用。

django最简单部署（wsgi只的是django项目中的wsgi.py文件）

gunicorn wsgi:application
#8个worker
gunicorn -w 8 wsgi:application
#指定端口号
gunicorn -w 8 -b 0.0.0.0:8888 wsgi:application
#unix socket
gunicorn -w 8 --bind unix:/xx/mysock.sock wsgi:application
#使用gevent做异步（默认worker是同步的）
gunicorn -w 8 --bind 0.0.0.0:8000 -k 'gevent' wsgi:application
#选项挺多，看文档或者使用 --help都可以查看
--log-level=DEBUG
--timeout=100

参考脚本

以下只是些参考样例，并不是实际部署配置等。

how-to-deploy-python-wsgi-apps-using-gunicorn-http-server-behind-nginx

部署脚本 参考一

#!/bin/bash
NAME="djangotut" # Name of the application
DJANGODIR=/xxx/django_project # Django project directory
SOCKFILE=/xxx/gunicorn.sock # we will communicte using this unix socket
USER=osboxes # the user to run as
GROUP=osboxes # the group to run as
NUM_WORKERS=8 # how many worker processes should Gunicorn spawn
MAX_REQUESTS=100000 # reload the application server for each request
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=django_project.settings # which settings file should Django use
DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE=django_project.wsgi # WSGI module name
echo “Starting $NAME as `whoami`”
# Activate the virtual environment
cd $DJANGODIR
source ~/.virtualenvs/django-tutorial-env/bin/activate
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=$DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
export PYTHONPATH=$DJANGODIR:$PYTHONPATH
# Create the run directory if it doesn’t exist
RUNDIR=$(dirname $SOCKFILE)
test -d $RUNDIR || mkdir -p $RUNDIR
# Start your Django Unicorn
# Programs meant to be run under supervisor should not daemonize themselves (do not use –daemon)
exec ~/.virtualenvs/django-tutorial-env/bin/gunicorn ${DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE}:application \
–name $NAME \
–workers $NUM_WORKERS \
–max-requests $MAX_REQUESTS \
–user=$USER –group=$GROUP \
–bind=0.0.0.0:3000 \
–log-level=error \
–log-file=-

自己用的一个简单的shell脚本，参考二

#!/bin/sh
#file: gun.sh
#start and stop gunicorn+django app
P=8000
worker=1
host="0.0.0.0"
case "$@" in
start)
gunicorn -b $host:$P -w $worker -k 'gevent' wsgi:application -D
;;
stop)
kill -9 `ps aux|grep gunicorn|grep $P|awk '{print $2}'|xargs`
;;
restart)
kill -9 `ps aux|grep gunicorn|grep $P|awk '{print $2}'|xargs`
sleep 1
gunicorn -b $host:$P -w $worker -k 'gevent' wsgi:application -D
;;
reload)
ps aux |grep gunicorn |grep $P | awk '{print $2}'|xargs kill -HUP
;;
status)
pids=$(ps aux|grep gunicorn|grep $P)
echo "$pids"
;;
*)
echo 'unknown arguments args(start|stop|restart|status|reload)'
exit 1
;;
esac

nginx 配置样例

server {
listen 80;
server_name 0.0.0.0;
client_max_body_size 4G;
location /static/ {
alias /xxx/static/;
}
location /media/ {
alias /xxx/media/;
}
location / {
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_redirect off;
# Try to serve static files from nginx, no point in making an
# *application* server like Unicorn/Rainbows! serve static files.
if (!-f $request_filename) {
proxy_pass http://app_server; break;
}
}
}

优化

采用 meinheld 来代替默认的那些worker，这也是一个基于事件的async worker，但是比gevent等更快。

pip install -U meinheld

gunicorn --workers=2 --worker-class="egg:meinheld#gunicorn_worker" wsgi