Oracle常用脚本

1 查看所有数据文件

select file_name from dba_data_files
union
select file_name from dba_temp_files
union
select name from v$controlfile
union
select value from v$parameter where name='spfile'
union
select member from v$logfile;

2 查看正在运行的job

select
djr.sid sess,
djr.job jid,
dj.log_user subu,
dj.priv_user secd,
dj.what proc,
to_char(djr.last_date,'MM/DD') lsd,
substr(djr.last_sec,1,5) lst,
to_char(djr.this_date,'MM/DD') nrd,
substr(djr.this_sec,1,5) nrt,
djr.failures fail
from
sys.dba_jobs dj,
sys.dba_jobs_running djr
where
djr.job = dj.job
/

3 根据sid查找进程相关信息

select sid,serial#,sql_hash_value,PREV_HASH_VALUE,username,program,machine,process
from v$session where sid=&sid;

4 根据spid查找进程相关信息

select
a.sid,a.serial#,a.sql_hash_value,a.PREV_HASH_VALUE,
a.username,a.program,a.machine,a.process
from v$session a,v$process where a.paddr=b.addr and spid=&spid;

5 通过hash_value获取sql语句

Select sql_text from v$sqltext where hash_value=&hash_value order by piece;

6 使用explain plan for 获取执行计划

Explain plan for &sql; 这里对应具体sql语句
Select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

7 使用shell脚本+hash_value获取执行计划以及sql语句

------------shell script -------------------
$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -s /nolog<
connect / as sysdba;
set lines 121
set pages 999
col sql_text format a80
select sql_text from
v\$sqltext_with_newlines
where hash_value=$1
order by piece;
set heading off
select '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------' from dual
union all
select '| Operation | PHV/Object Name | Rows | Bytes| Cost |' as "Optimizer Plan:" from dual
union all
select '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------' from dual
union all
select *
from (select
rpad('|'||substr(lpad(' ',1*(depth-1))||operation||
decode(options, null,'',' '||options), 1, 62), 63, ' ')||'|'||
rpad(decode(id, 0, '----- '||to_char(hash_value)||' -----'
, substr(decode(substr(object_name, 1, 7), 'SYS_LE_', null, object_name)
||' ',1, 20)), 21, ' ')||'|'||
lpad(decode(cardinality,null,' ',
decode(sign(cardinality-10000), -1, cardinality||' ',
decode(sign(cardinality-1000000), -1, trunc(cardinality/1000)||'K',
decode(sign(cardinality-1000000000), -1, trunc(cardinality/1000000)||'M',
trunc(cardinality/1000000000)||'G')))), 7, ' ') || '|' ||
lpad(decode(bytes,null,' ',
decode(sign(bytes-1024), -1, bytes||' ',
decode(sign(bytes-1048576), -1, trunc(bytes/1024)||'K',
decode(sign(bytes-1073741824), -1, trunc(bytes/1048576)||'M',
trunc(bytes/1073741824)||'G')))), 6, ' ') || '|' ||
lpad(decode(cost,null,' ',
decode(sign(cost-10000000), -1, cost||' ',
decode(sign(cost-1000000000), -1, trunc(cost/1000000)||'M',
trunc(cost/1000000000)||'G'))), 8, ' ') || '|' as "Explain plan"
from v\$sql_plan
where hash_value = $1)
union all
select '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------' from dual;
exit
EOF

8 使用shell脚本+spid获取执行计划以及sql语句

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus -s /nolog<
connect / as sysdba;
set lines 121
set pages 999
col sql_text format a80
select sql_text from
v\$sqltext_with_newlines a,v\$session b,v\$process c
where a.hash_value=b.sql_hash_value and b.paddr=c.addr
and c.spid=$1
order by a.piece;

set heading off
select '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------' from dual
union all
select '| Operation | PHV/Object Name | Rows | Bytes| Cost |' as "Optimizer Plan:" from dual
union all
select '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------' from dual
union all
select *
from (select
rpad('|'||substr(lpad(' ',1*(a.depth-1))||a.operation||
decode(a.options, null,'',' '||a.options), 1, 62), 63, ' ')||'|'||
rpad(decode(a.id, 0, '----- '||to_char(a.hash_value)||' -----'
, substr(decode(substr(a.object_name, 1, 7), 'SYS_LE_', null, a.object_name)
||' ',1, 20)), 21, ' ')||'|'||
lpad(decode(a.cardinality,null,' ',
decode(sign(a.cardinality-10000), -1, a.cardinality||' ',
decode(sign(a.cardinality-1000000), -1, trunc(a.cardinality/1000)||'K',
decode(sign(a.cardinality-1000000000), -1, trunc(a.cardinality/1000000)||'M',
trunc(a.cardinality/1000000000)||'G')))), 7, ' ') || '|' ||
lpad(decode(a.bytes,null,' ',
decode(sign(a.bytes-1024), -1, a.bytes||' ',
decode(sign(a.bytes-1048576), -1, trunc(a.bytes/1024)||'K',
decode(sign(a.bytes-1073741824), -1, trunc(a.bytes/1048576)||'M',
trunc(a.bytes/1073741824)||'G')))), 6, ' ') || '|' ||
lpad(decode(a.cost,null,' ',
decode(sign(a.cost-10000000), -1, a.cost||' ',
decode(sign(a.cost-1000000000), -1, trunc(a.cost/1000000)||'M',
trunc(a.cost/1000000000)||'G'))), 8, ' ') || '|' as "Explain plan"
from v\$sql_plan a,v\$session b,v\$process c
where a.hash_value =b.sql_hash_value and b.paddr=c.addr and c.spid=$1 )
union all
select '--------------------------------------------------------------------------------' from dual;
exit
EOF

9 查找当前活动进程以及对应具体操作

Select sid,serial#,username,status,command,machine,sql_hash_value,prev_hash_value
From v$session where status=’ACTIVE’ and type<>’BACKGROUND’;
然后通过sql_hash_value查找具体语句

10 查看数据版本以及位数

10.1 使用file
cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin
[oracle@localhost bin]$ file oracle
oracle: setuid setgid ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), for GNU/Linux 2.2.5, dynamically linked (uses shared libs), not stripped
10.2 查看视图
/home/oracle> sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.7.0 - Production on Mon Sep 29 16:07:04 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.7.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning and Real Application Clusters options
JServer Release 9.2.0.7.0 - Production

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.7.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 9.2.0.7.0 - Production
CORE 9.2.0.7.0 Production
TNS for IBM/AIX RISC System/6000: Version 9.2.0.7.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 9.2.0.7.0 - Production

10.3 检查lib,lib32
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib32
如果这两个目录都存在就说明是64位的,如果只有一个lib目录说明是32位的。

10.4 查看登录信息

bilut42:/app/orarac#sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.5.0 - Production on Mon Sep 29 15:14:00 2008

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.5.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.5.0 – Production

10.5 通过kopm$查看
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期五 1月 16 16:05:54 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

idle>conn sys/admin@emrep as sysdba
已连接。
sys@EMREP>select * from v$version;

BANNER
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.1.0 Production
TNS for HPUX: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

sys@EMREP>select metadata from kopm$;

METADATA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0000006001240F050B0C030C0C0504050D0609070805050505050F05050505050A050505050504050607080823472347081123081141B047008303690367130000
0
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

sys@EMREP>conn sys/admin@ora11g as sysdba
已连接。
sys@ORCL>select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
CORE 11.1.0.6.0 Production
TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.1.0.6.0 - Production

sys@ORCL>select metadata from kopm$;

METADATA
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0000006001240F050B0C030C0C0504050D0609070805050505050F05050505050A050505050504050607080823472323081123081141B0230083035407D0030000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
B047代表 64bit
B023代表 32bit

11 查看数据库锁信息

以上sql语句查询出的都是堵塞进程,ctime代表堵塞的时间
select * from v$lock where block=1;
通过以下sql可以查看对应堵塞进程在做什么操作
Select a.sql_text from v$sqltext a,v$session b,v$lock c
Where a.hash_value=b.sql_hash_value and b.sid=c.sid and c.block=1;

12 杀数据库进程

Select sid,serial# from v$session where sid=&sid;
Select b.spid from v$session a,v$process b where a.paddr=b.addr and a.sid=&sid;
方法一：从数据库杀进程
Alter system kill session ‘&sid,&serial#’;
方法二：从操作系统杀掉进程
kill -9 spid
注意使用这种方法一定要确认所杀的进程是不是数据库后台进程，方法如下：
ps –ef|grep spid如果输出是带有LOCAL=NO信息可以杀掉，
如果不是需要在数据库里面进一步确认：
select a.type from v$session a,v$process b
where a.paddr=b.addr and b.spid=&spid;
如果没输出就不是后台进程。

13 监控索引

启用索引监控
Alter index ind_name monitoring usage;
停止索引监控：
Alter index ind_name nomonitoring usage;
查看索引是否使用：
Select * from v$object_usage where index_name=’&index_name’;
打开索引一段时间后，查看以上视图，如果monitoring=no说明索引没有使用,可以删掉

14 查看undo表空间使用情况

SELECT TO_CHAR(s.sid)||','||TO_CHAR(s.serial#) sid_serial,
NVL(s.username, 'None') orauser,
s.program,
r.name undoseg,
t.used_ublk * TO_NUMBER(x.value)/1024||'K' "Undo"
FROM sys.v_$rollname r,
sys.v_$session s,
sys.v_$transaction t,
sys.v_$parameter x
WHERE s.taddr = t.addr
AND r.usn = t.xidusn(+)
AND x.name = 'db_block_size';

15 查看temp表空间排序情况

SELECT a.username, a.sid, a.serial#, a.osuser, b.tablespace, b.blocks, c.sql_text
FROM v$session a, v$sort_usage b, v$sqlarea c
WHERE a.saddr = b.session_addr
AND c.address= a.sql_address
AND c.hash_value = a.sql_hash_value
ORDER BY b.tablespace, b.blocks;

16 查看表空间使用百分比

SELECT d.tablespace_name Name,
TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes / 1024 / 1024, 0),'99,999,990.900') Size_M,
TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes - NVL(f.bytes, 0), 0)/1024/1024,'99999999.999')||'/'||TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes/1024/1024, 0), '99999999.999') Used_M,
TO_CHAR(NVL((a.bytes - NVL(f.bytes, 0)) / a.bytes * 100, 0), '990.00')||'%' Used
FROM sys.dba_tablespaces d, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) bytes from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) a,
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) bytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) f
WHERE d.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name(+) AND d.tablespace_name = f.tablespace_name(+)
AND NOT (d.extent_management like 'LOCAL' AND d.contents like 'TEMPORARY')
UNION ALL
SELECT d.tablespace_name Name,
TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes / 1024 / 1024, 0),'99,999,990.900') Size_M,
TO_CHAR(NVL(t.bytes, 0)/1024/1024,'99999999.999') ||'/'||TO_CHAR(NVL(a.bytes/1024/1024, 0),'99999999.999') Used_M,
TO_CHAR(NVL(t.bytes / a.bytes * 100, 0), '990.00')||'%' Used
FROM sys.dba_tablespaces d, (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) bytes from dba_temp_files group by tablespace_name) a,
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes_cached) bytes from v$temp_extent_pool group by tablespace_name) t
WHERE d.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name(+) AND d.tablespace_name = t.tablespace_name(+) AND
d.extent_management like 'LOCAL' AND d.contents like 'TEMPORARY'
order by 4 desc;

17 查找无效的对象

select owner,object_type,object_name from dba_objects where status='INVALID';
select constraint_name,table_name from dba_constraints where status='INVALID';

18 查找未定义索引的表

select table_name from user_tables
where table_name not in (select table_name from user_ind_columns);

19 查找某个进程，并对它进行跟踪

select s.sid,s.serial# from v$session s,v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and p.spid=&1;
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,true);--开始跟踪
exec dbms_system.SET_SQL_TRACE_IN_SESSION(&1,&2,false);--结束跟踪
结束跟踪后会在$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$SID/udump目录下产生一个文件，这个文件里面包括相关sql的信息

20 显示用户正在执行什么操作

SELECT OSUSER,SERIAL#,SQL_TEXT

FROM V$SESSION, V$SQL

WHERE

V$SESSION.SQL_ADDRESS=V$SQL.ADDRESS
AND V$SESSION.STATUS = 'ACTIVE';

21 查找消耗CPU资源高的语句

Select hash_value,LIO
From (
Select HASH_VALUE，BUFFER_GETS/EXECUTIONS LIO from v$sqlarea
Where EXECUTIONS<>0 order by 2 desc)
Where rownum<11;
通过hash_value定位sql语句

22 查找消耗磁盘IO高的语句

Select hash_value,WIO
From (
Select HASH_VALUE，DISK_READS/EXECUTIONS WIO from v$sqlarea
Where EXECUTIONS<>0 order by 2 desc)
Where rownum<11;
通过hash_value定位sql语句

23 查看正在执行全表扫描语句相关信息

SELECT
sid,serial#,target,opname,sofar,totalwork,round((sofar/totalwork)*100,2) completed,sql_hash_value
FROM gv$session_longops
WHERE sofar<>totalwork and totalwork<>0 and opname not like 'RMAN%'
order by 8;

通过sid可以查找对应进程信息。
通过sql_hash_value可以查找对应sql语句。

24 查看数据库是否启用归档

Select log_mode from v$database;
Noarchivelog代表未启用归档
Archivelog 代表启用归档

也可以在sys用户下执行：archive log list;

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination /app/oracle/product/10.2.0//dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence 9
Current log sequence 10

25 查看数据库使用什么优化器

SQL> show parameter optimizer_mode

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
optimizer_mode string ALL_ROWS
修改优化器：
alter system set optimizer_mode=rule;

26 导入导出规则(exp/imp)

导出规则:使用低版本exp导出
导入规则:使用目标版本imp导入
具体规则以及一些问题处理见附件。



+-----------+------------------------------+
| EXPORT | IMPORT into: |
| from +---------+---------+---------+
| \/ | 9.2.0 | 10.1.0 | 10.2.0 |
+-----------+---------+---------+---------+
| 8.0.3 |EXP803 | EXP803 | EXP803 |
| 8.0.4 |EXP804 | EXP804 | EXP804 |
| 8.0.5 |EXP805 | EXP805 | EXP805 |
| 8.0.6 |EXP806 | EXP806 | EXP806 |
+-----------+---------+---------+---------+
| 8.1.5 |EXP815 | EXP815 | EXP815 |
| 8.1.6 |EXP816 | EXP816 | EXP816 |
| 8.1.7 |EXP817 | EXP817 | EXP817 |
+-----------+---------+---------+---------+
| 9.0.1 |EXP901 | EXP901 | EXP901 |
| 9.2.0 |EXP920 | EXP920 | EXP920 |
+-----------+---------+---------+---------+
| 10.1.0 |EXP920 | 1) |
| 10.2.0 |EXP920 | 1) |
+-----------+---------+---------+---------+

注:
1) 出于性能考虑建议使用expdp和impdp导入导出
2) Oracle Database 11g不支持exp和imp导入,可以使用,但是出现问题oracle不会解决该问题

+-----------+---------------------------------+
| EXPORT | IMPORT into: |
| from +---------+----------+----------+
| \/ | 9.2.0 | 10.1.0 | 10.2.0 |
+-----------+---------+----------+----------+
| 8.0.3 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
| 8.0.4 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
| 8.0.5 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
| 8.0.6 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
+-----------+---------+----------+----------+
| 8.1.5 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
| 8.1.6 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
| 8.1.7 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
+-----------+---------+----------+----------+
| 9.0.1 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
| 9.2.0 |IMP920 | IMP1010 | IMP1020 |
+-----------+---------+----------+----------+
| 10.1.0 |IMP920 | 1) |
| 10.2.0 |IMP920 | 1) |
+-----------+---------+----------+----------+

注:
1) 出于性能考虑建议使用expdp和impdp导入导出
2) Oracle Database 11g不支持exp和imp导入,可以使用,但是出现问题oracle不会解决该问题