C++ 的 get_time 和 put_time 函数

为了快速的时间格式转换. C++ 引进了 get_time 和 put_time 函数

#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>
#include<ctime>
int main()
{
std::time_t t = std::time(NULL);
std::tm tm = *std::localtime(&t);
std::cout.imbue(std::locale("CHS"));
std::cout <<std::put_time(&tm,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") << '\n';
// std::cout.imbue(std::locale("ja_JP.utf8"));
// std::cout << "ja_JP: " << std::put_time(&tm, "%c %Z") << '\n';
system("pause");
}

下面是时间函数格式串的一些特定转义参数: 注::VS2010 不支持C++11的格式 带E前缀的表示在当地语言环境中的表示... 带O前缀的表示使用当地语言环境的计数文字 常用 时:分:秒 %H:%M:%S <==> %T (C++11标准) 当地时间标准 %X 十二小时制 %I (%p <==> a.m|p.m 或者当地写法) 年-月-日 %Y:%m:%d <==> %F (C++11标准) 当期日期标准 %x 一年的第几天 %j 第几周 %U (00-53) 周日为第一天 %W (00-53) 周一为第一天 %V (01-53) 周一为第一天 (C++11标准) 周一为星期的第一天 每年的第一星期为包含1月4号的那个星期. 或者包含第一个星期四那个星期 星期几 %w (0-6) %u(1-7)(C++11标准) 星期几 %a 单词简写 %A 单词全称 (当地写法) Conversion specifier Explanation Used fields % writes literal %. The full conversion specification must be %%. n(C++11) writes newline character t(C++11) writes horizontal tab character Year Y writes year as a 4 digit decimal number XXXX 4位数年份 tm_year EY(C++11) writes year in the alternative representation, e.g.平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP locale tm_year y writes last 2 digits of year as a decimal number ( XX range [00,99]) 两位数年份 tm_year Oy(C++11) writes last 2 digits of year using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十一 instead of 11 in ja_JP locale tm_year Ey(C++11) writes year as offset from locale's alternative calendar period %EC (locale-dependent) tm_year C(C++11) writes first 2 digits of year as a decimal number (range [00,99]) 公历年的前两位数 tm_year EC(C++11) writes name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative representation, e.g. 平成 (Heisei era) in ja_JP tm_year G(C++11) writes ISO 8601 week-based year, i.e. the year that contains the specified week. In IS0 8601 weeks begin with Monday and the first week of the year must satisfy the following requirements: Includes January 4 Includes first Thursday of the year tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday g(C++11) writes last 2 digits of ISO 8601 week-based year, i.e. the year that contains the specified week (range[00,99]). In IS0 8601 weeks begin with Monday and the first week of the year must satisfy the following requirements: Includes January 4 Includes first Thursday of the year tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday Month b writes abbreviated month name, e.g. Oct (locale dependent) 月份英文简称 tm_mon h(C++11) synonym of b 代名词? tm_mon B writes full month name, e.g. October (locale dependent) 月份英文全称 tm_mon m writes month as a decimal number (range [01,12]) 月份两位数字 tm_mon Om(C++11) writes month using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十二 instead of 12 in ja_JP locale月份当地文字 tm_mon Week U writes week of the year as a decimal number (Sunday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53]) 第几周(周日为第一天) tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday OU(C++11) writes week of the year, as by %U, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 instead of 52 in ja_JP locale tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday W writes week of the year as a decimal number (Monday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53]) 第几周(周一为第一天) tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday OW(C++11) writes week of the year, as by %W, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 instead of 52 in ja_JP locale tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday V(C++11) writes ISO 8601 week of the year (range [01,53]). In IS0 8601 weeks begin with Monday and the first week of the year must satisfy the following requirements: Includes January 4 Includes first Thursday of the year tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday OV(C++11) writes week of the year, as by %V, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 instead of 52 in ja_JP locale tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday Day of the year/month j writes day of the year as a decimal number (range [001,366]) 一年的第几天(XXX) tm_yday d writes day of the month as a decimal number (range [01,31]) 一月的第几天(XX) tm_mday Od(C++11) writes zero-based day of the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g 二十七 instead of 23 in ja_JP locale Single character is preceded by a space. tm_mday e(C++11) writes day of the month as a decimal number (range [1,31]). Single digit is preceded by a space.一月的第几天(X|XX) tm_mday Oe(C++11) writes one-based day of the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十七 instead of 27 in ja_JP locale Single character is preceded by a space. tm_mday Day of the week a writes abbreviated weekday name, e.g. Fri (locale dependent) 星期几的简写 tm_wday A writes full weekday name, e.g. Friday (locale dependent) 星期几的全称 tm_wday w writes weekday as a decimal number, where Sunday is 0 (range [0-6]) 星期几数字表示(0-6) tm_wday Ow(C++11) writes weekday, where Sunday is 0, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二 instead of 2 in ja_JP locale tm_wday u(C++11) writes weekday as a decimal number, where Monday is 1 (ISO 8601 format) (range [1-7]) 星期几数字表示(1-7) tm_wday Ou(C++11) writes weekday, where Monday is 1, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二 instead of 2 in ja_JP locale tm_wday Hour, minute, second H writes hour as a decimal number, 24 hour clock (range [00-23]) 24进制小时(XX) tm_hour OH(C++11) writes hour from 24-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十八 instead of 18 in ja_JP locale tm_hour I writes hour as a decimal number, 12 hour clock (range [01,12]) 12进制小时(XX) tm_hour OI(C++11) writes hour from 12-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 六 instead of 06 in ja_JP locale tm_hour M writes minute as a decimal number (range [00,59]) 分钟(XX) tm_min OM(C++11) writes minute using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十五 instead of 25 in ja_JP locale tm_min S writes second as a decimal number (range [00,60]) 秒数(XX)- -|有60秒耶 tm_sec OS(C++11) writes second using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十四 instead of 24 in ja_JP locale tm_sec Other c writes standard date and time string, e.g. Sun Oct 17 04:41:13 2010(locale dependent) 基本日期格式 all Ec(C++11) writes alternative date and time string, e.g. using 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP locale all x writes localized date representation (locale dependent) all Ex(C++11) writes alternative date representation, e.g. using 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP locale all X writes localized time representation (locale dependent) all EX(C++11) writes alternative time representation (locale dependent) all D(C++11) equivalent to "%m/%d/%y" tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_year F(C++11) equivalent to "%Y-%m-%d" (the ISO 8601 date format) tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_year r(C++11) writes localized 12-hour clock time (locale dependent) tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec R(C++11) equivalent to "%H:%M" tm_hour,tm_min T(C++11) equivalent to "%H:%M:%S" (the ISO 8601 time format) tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec p writes localized a.m. or p.m. (locale dependent) tm_hour z(C++11) writes offset from UTC in the ISO 8601 format (e.g. -0430), or no characters if the time zone information is not available tm_isdst Z writes time zone name or abbreviation, or no characters if the time zone information is not available (locale dependent) tm_isdst

以下 为 std::get_time 一些转义参数

Conversion specifier	Explanation	Writes to fields
%	matches a literal %. The full conversion specification must be %%.	(none)
t	matches any whitespace.	(none)
n	matches any whitespace.	(none)
Year
Y	parses full year as a 4 digit decimal number, leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_year
EY	parses year in the alternative representation, e.g.平成23年 (year Heisei 23) which writes 2011 to tm_year in ja_JP locale	tm_year
y	parses last 2 digits of year as a decimal number. Range [69,99] results in values 1969 to 1999, range [00,68] results in 2000-2068	tm_year
Oy	parses last 2 digits of year using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十一 is parsed as 11 in ja_JP locale	tm_year
Ey	parses year as offset from locale's alternative calendar period %EC	tm_year
C	parses the first 2 digits of year as a decimal number (range [00,99])	tm_year
EC	parses the name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative representation, e.g. 平成 (Heisei era) in ja_JP	tm_year
Month
b	parses the month name, either full or abbreviated, e.g. Oct	tm_mon
h	synonym of b	tm_mon
B	synonym of b	tm_mon
m	parses the month as a decimal number (range [01,12]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_mon
Om	parses the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十二 parses as 12 in ja_JP locale	tm_mon
Week
U	parses the week of the year as a decimal number (Sunday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday
OU	parses the week of the year, as by %U, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 parses as 52 in ja_JP locale	tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday
W	parses the week of the year as a decimal number (Monday is the first day of the week) (range[00,53]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday
OW	parses the week of the year, as by %W, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 五十二 parses as 52 in ja_JP locale	tm_year,tm_wday,tm_yday
Day of the year/month
j	parses day of the year as a decimal number (range [001,366]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_yday
d	parses the day of the month as a decimal number (range [01,31]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_mday
Od	parses the day of the month using the alternative numeric system, e.g 二十七 parses as 23 in ja_JP locale, leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_mday
e	synonym of d	tm_mday
Oe	synonym of Od	tm_mday
Day of the week
a	parses the name of the day of the week, either full or abbreviated, e.g. Fri	tm_wday
A	synonym of a	tm_wday
w	parses weekday as a decimal number, where Sunday is 0 (range [0-6])	tm_wday
Ow	parses weekday as a decimal number, where Sunday is 0, using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二 parses as 2 in ja_JP locale	tm_wday
Hour, minute, second
H	parses the hour as a decimal number, 24 hour clock (range [00-23]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_hour
OH	parses hour from 24-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 十八 parses as 18 in ja_JP locale	tm_hour
I	parses hour as a decimal number, 12 hour clock (range [01,12]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_hour
OI	parses hour from 12-hour clock using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 六 reads as 06 in ja_JP locale	tm_hour
M	parses minute as a decimal number (range [00,59]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_min
OM	parses minute using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十五 parses as 25 in ja_JP locale	tm_min
S	parses second as a decimal number (range [00,60]), leading zeroes permitted but not required	tm_sec
OS	parses second using the alternative numeric system, e.g. 二十四 parses as 24 in ja_JP locale	tm_sec
Other
c	parses the locale's standard date and time string format, e.g. Sun Oct 17 04:41:13 2010 (locale dependent)	all
Ec	parses the locale's alternative date and time string format, e.g. expecting 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP locale	all
x	parses the locale's standard date representation	all
Ex	parses the locale's alternative date representation, e.g. expecting 平成23年 (year Heisei 23) instead of 2011年 (year 2011) in ja_JP locale	all
X	parses the locale's standard time representation	all
EX	parses the locale's alternative time representation	all
D	equivalent to "%m / %d / %y "	tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_year
r	parses locale's standard 12-hour clock time (in POSIX, "%I : %M : %S %p")	tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec
R	equivalent to "%H : %M"	tm_hour,tm_min
T	equivalent to "%H : %M : %S"	tm_hour,tm_min,tm_sec
p	parses the locale's equivalent of a.m. or p.m.	tm_hour