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C语言字符串处理函数

2016-02-25 21:25 393 查看
函数名: strcpy

功 能: 拷贝一个字符串到另一个

用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char string[10];

char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

stpcpy(string, str1);

printf("%sn", string);

return 0;

}

函数名: strcat

功 能: 字符串拼接函数

用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char destination[25];

char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland";

strcpy(destination, Borland);

strcat(destination, blank);

strcat(destination, c);

printf("%sn", destination);

return 0;

}

函数名: strchr

功 能: 在一个串中查找给定字符的第一个匹配之处

用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char string[15];

char *ptr, c = 'r';

strcpy(string, "This is a string");

ptr = strchr(string, c);

if (ptr)

printf("The character %c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string);

else

printf("The character was not foundn");

return 0;

}

函数名: strcmp

功 能: 串比较

用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);

看Asic码,str1>str2,返回值 > 0;两串相等,返回0

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc";

int ptr;

ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

else

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n");

else

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n");

return 0;

}

函数名: strncmpi

功 能: 将一个串中的一部分与另一个串比较, 不管大小写

用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";

int ptr;

ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

if (ptr < 0)

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

if (ptr == 0)

printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n");

return 0;

}

函数名: strcpy

功 能: 串拷贝

用 法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char string[10];

char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

strcpy(string, str1);

printf("%sn", string);

return 0;

}

函数名: strcspn

功 能: 在串中查找第一个给定字符集内容的段

用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)

{

char *string1 = "1234567890";

char *string2 = "747DC8";

int length;

length = strcspn(string1, string2);

printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %dn", length);

return 0;

}

函数名: strdup

功 能: 将串拷贝到新建的位置处

用 法: char *strdup(char *str);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)

{

char *dup_str, *string = "abcde";

dup_str = strdup(string);

printf("%sn", dup_str);

free(dup_str);

return 0;

}

函数名: strcmp

功 能: 比较字符串str1和str2。

用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);

说 明: 当s1<s2时,返回值<0   

当s1=s2时,返回值=0   

当s1>s2时,返回值>0   

即:两个字符串自左向右逐个字符相比(按ASCII值大小相比较),直到出现不同的字符或遇'\0'为止。

程序例:

#include<stdio.h>   

#include<string.h>   

void main()   

{   

char string[20];   

char str[3][20];   

int i;   

for(i=0;i<3;i++)   

gets(str[i]);   

if(strcmp(str[0],str[1])>0)   

strcpy(string,str[0]);   

else   

strcpy(string,str[1]);   

if(strcmp(str[2],string)>0)   

strcpy(string,str[2]);   

printf("\nThe largest string is %s\n",string);   

}

函数名: stricmp

功 能: 以大小写不敏感方式比较两个串

用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";

int ptr;

ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

if (ptr < 0)

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

if (ptr == 0)

printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n");

return 0;

}

函数名: strerror

功 能: 返回指向错误信息字符串的指针

用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <errno.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buffer;

buffer = strerror(errno);

printf("Error: %sn", buffer);

return 0;

}

函数名: strcmpi

功 能: 将一个串与另一个比较, 不管大小写

用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb";

int ptr;

ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

if (ptr < 0)

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

if (ptr == 0)

printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n");

return 0;

}

函数名: strncmp

功 能: 串比较

用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc";

int ptr;

ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

else

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n");

else

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n");

return(0);

}

函数名: strncmpi

功 能: 把串中的一部分与另一串中的一部分比较, 不管大小写

用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";

int ptr;

ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

if (ptr < 0)

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

if (ptr == 0)

printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n");

return 0;

}

函数名: strncpy

功 能: 串拷贝

用 法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char string[10];

char *str1 = "abcdefghi";

strncpy(string, str1, 3);

string[3] = '';

printf("%sn", string);

return 0;

}

函数名: strnicmp

功 能: 不注重大小写地比较两个串

用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc";

int ptr;

ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3);

if (ptr > 0)

printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n");

if (ptr < 0)

printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n");

if (ptr == 0)

printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n");

return 0;

}

函数名: strnset

功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符

用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

char letter = 'x';

printf("string before strnset: %sn", string);

strnset(string, letter, 13);

printf("string after strnset: %sn", string);

return 0;

}

函数名: strpbrk

功 能: 在串中查找给定字符集中的字符

用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";

char *string2 = "onm";

char *ptr;

ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2);

if (ptr)

printf("strpbrk found first character: %cn", *ptr);

else

printf("strpbrk didn't find character in setn");

return 0;

}

函数名: strrchr

功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最后一个出现

用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char string[15];

char *ptr, c = 'r';

strcpy(string, "This is a string");

ptr = strrchr(string, c);

if (ptr)

printf("The character %c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string);

else

printf("The character was not foundn");

return 0;

}

函数名: strrev

功 能: 串倒转

用 法: char *strrev(char *str);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *forward = "string";

printf("Before strrev(): %sn", forward);

strrev(forward);

printf("After strrev(): %sn", forward);

return 0;

}

函数名: strset

功 能: 将一个串中的所有字符都设为指定字符

用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char string[10] = "123456789";

char symbol = 'c';

printf("Before strset(): %sn", string);

strset(string, symbol);

printf("After strset(): %sn", string);

return 0;

}

函数名: strspn

功 能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出现

用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <alloc.h>

int main(void)

{

char *string1 = "1234567890";

char *string2 = "123DC8";

int length;

length = strspn(string1, string2);

printf("Character where strings differ is at position %dn", length);

return 0;

}

函数名: strstr

功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出现

用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr;

ptr = strstr(str1, str2);

printf("The substring is: %sn", ptr);

return 0;

}

函数名: strtod

功 能: 将字符串转换为double型值

用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

int main(void)

{

char input[80], *endptr;

double value;

printf("Enter a floating point number:");

gets(input);

value = strtod(input, &endptr);

printf("The string is %s the number is %lfn", input, value);

return 0;

}

函数名: strsep

功 能: 分解字符串为一组字符串。从str1指向的位置起向后扫描,遇到delim指向位置的字符后,将此字符替换为NULL,返回str1指向的地址。

用 法: char *strtok(char **str1, const char *delim);

程序例:

int main()   

{  

 int len, nel;  

 char query[] ="user_command=appleboy&test=1&test2=2";  

 char *q, *name, *value;   /* Parse into individualassignments */  

 q = query;   fprintf(stderr, "CGI[query string] : %s\n",query);  

 len = strlen(query);  

 nel = 1;  

 while (strsep(&q, "&"))  

 nel++;  

 fprintf(stderr, "CGI[nel string] : %d\n", nel);  

 for (q = query; q< (query + len);)

{  

  value = name = q;   /* Skip to next assignment */

  fprintf(stderr, "CGI[string] :%s\n", q);

  fprintf(stderr, "CGI[stringlen] : %d\n", strlen(q));

  fprintf(stderr, "CGI[address] :%x\n", q);

  for (q += strlen(q); q < (query +len) && !*q; q++);   /* Assign variable */

  name = strsep(&value,"=");

  fprintf(stderr, "CGI[name ] :%s\n", name);

  fprintf(stderr, "CGI[value] :%s\n", value);

 }  

 return 0;   

}

函数名: strtok

功 能: 查找由在第二个串中指定的分界符分隔开的单词

用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);

程序例:

#include <string.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char input[16] = "abc,d";

char *p;

/* strtok places a NULL terminator

in front of the token, if found */

p = strtok(input, ",");

if (p) printf("%sn", p);

/* A second call to strtok using a NULL

as the first parameter returns a pointer

to the character following the token */

p = strtok(NULL, ",");

if (p) printf("%sn", p);

return 0;

}

函数名: strtol

功 能: 将串转换为长整数

用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);

程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void)

{

char *string = "87654321", *endptr;

long lnumber;

/* strtol converts string to long integer */

lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10);

printf("string = %s long = %ldn", string, lnumber);

return 0;

}

函数名: strupr

功 能: 将串中的小写字母转换为大写字母

用 法: char *strupr(char *str);

程序例:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main(void)

{

char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr;

/* converts string to upper case characters */

ptr = strupr(string);

printf("%sn", ptr);

return 0;

}

函数名: swab

功 能: 交换字节

用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);

程序例:

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d";

char target[15];

int main(void)

{

swab(source, target, strlen(source));

printf("This is target: %sn", target);

return 0;

}

PS:isalpha()是字符函数,不是字符串函数,

isalpha

原型:extern int isalpha(int c);

用法:#include <ctype.h>

功能:判断字符c是否为英文字母

说明:当c为英文字母a-z或A-Z时,返回非零值,否则返回零。

举例:

// isalpha.c

#include <syslib.h>

#include <ctype.h>

#include <stdio.h>

main()

{

int c;

clrscr(); // clear screen

printf("Press a key");

for(;;)

{

c=getchar();

clrscr();

printf("%c: %s letter",c,isalpha(c)?"is":"not");

}

return 0; // just to avoid warnings by compiler

}
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