Apache+tomcat集群(负载均衡)
2016-01-08 10:32
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Apache是http服务器,我们利用其对Tomcat进行负载均衡。目前最新版本为2.2.17,下载地址为http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi#apache22。如下图:
下载后直接安装msi即可,如果没有其他的http服务器(如iis)则应该可以成功安装,端口即为80,能够访问http://localhost/说明安装成功。
本次实践我是在windows系统的环境下进行的,apache是2.2.21版本,tomcat是7.0.16和7.0.23两个版本(集群中Tomcat不能既有Tomcat6又有Tomcat7,否则虽能够负载均衡,但不能进行session复制)。
2.配置tomcat
(1)首先讲讲tomcat需要配置的文件,假设Tomcat 7.0.16为服务器A,Tomcat 7.0.23为服务器B。注意如果你的Tomcat都是放在同一台机子上,那你要修改端口,确保端口不要冲突。
服务器A的server.xml配置文件中的Engine节点中新增jvmRoute属性,值可以自己定义,例如jvm1,同时新增Cluster节点的所有内容,如果tomcat是在同一台机子的就需要注意Receiver节点的port属性不能冲突,例如:4000
(2)服务器A的server.xml配置文件 :
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" hannelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true" />
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6" />
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Channel>
</Cluster>
......
</Engine>
(3)服务器B的server.xml配置文件,其中不同的是8180、8109和4001的几个端口的修改和jvmRoute值的不同,其它都一样
<Connector port="8180" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8109" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm2">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" hannelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true" />
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto"
port="4001"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6" />
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Channel>
</Cluster>
.......
</Engine>
3.配置apache
(1)tomcat配置好了,为了session复制,我们还需要在应用的web.xml文件中添加<distributeable/>这个一个配置,那接下来我们就来讲讲apache的配置,需要修改apache的httpd.conf文件,将去掉一下这些的注释,使其生效
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
(2)
在http.conf的最后面新增以下配置,使apache可以反向代理和负载均衡,注意这里的端口是tomcat的端口,同时route是刚才配置的jvmRoute的值,不能配错
ProxyRequests Off
<proxy balancer://loadbalancer>
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8080 loadfactor=1 route=jvm1
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8180 loadfactor=1 route=jvm2
</proxy>
(3)下面是httpd-vhosts.conf文件的配置,其它就不多讲了,"ProxyPass /google !"是可以配置/google地址不反向代理,那么输入地址/google就会在你apahce的根目录里面找,"/baidu" 是配置了方向代理到百度,以上这两个配置主要是看个人需求(绿色部分),主要是想说明怎么配置方向代理,而"ProxyPass / balancer://loadbalancer/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On" 这两句才是重点,主要是配置“/”都反向代理到tomcat,并且是负载均衡的模式
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.xiaoyang.com
DocumentRoot "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/docs/dummy-host.xiaoyang.com"
ServerName dummy-host.xiaoyang.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.xiaoyang.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.xiaoyang.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.xiaoyang.com-access.log" common
ProxyPass /google !
ProxyPass /baidu http://www.baidu.com
ProxyPassReverse /baidu http://www.baidu.com
ProxyPass / balancer://loadbalancer/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://loadbalancer/
</VirtualHost>
注:域名与路径根据自己需要配置
4.测试
所有配置已经完毕,我们现在可以进行测试
为了让效果更加明显,我们改动\tomcat_01\webapps\ROOT\index.html,在<body></dody>中加上<h1>tomcat1</h1>
改动\tomcat_02\webapps\ROOT\index.html,在<body></dody>中加上<h1>tomcat2</h1>
在浏览器中输入http://dummy-host.xiaoyang,看看效果吧!
下载后直接安装msi即可,如果没有其他的http服务器(如iis)则应该可以成功安装,端口即为80,能够访问http://localhost/说明安装成功。
本次实践我是在windows系统的环境下进行的,apache是2.2.21版本,tomcat是7.0.16和7.0.23两个版本(集群中Tomcat不能既有Tomcat6又有Tomcat7,否则虽能够负载均衡,但不能进行session复制)。
2.配置tomcat
(1)首先讲讲tomcat需要配置的文件,假设Tomcat 7.0.16为服务器A,Tomcat 7.0.23为服务器B。注意如果你的Tomcat都是放在同一台机子上,那你要修改端口,确保端口不要冲突。
服务器A的server.xml配置文件中的Engine节点中新增jvmRoute属性,值可以自己定义,例如jvm1,同时新增Cluster节点的所有内容,如果tomcat是在同一台机子的就需要注意Receiver节点的port属性不能冲突,例如:4000
(2)服务器A的server.xml配置文件 :
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" hannelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true" />
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto"
port="4000"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6" />
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Channel>
</Cluster>
......
</Engine>
(3)服务器B的server.xml配置文件,其中不同的是8180、8109和4001的几个端口的修改和jvmRoute值的不同,其它都一样
<Connector port="8180" protocol="HTTP/1.1" connectionTimeout="20000" redirectPort="8443" />
<Connector port="8109" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm2">
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" hannelSendOptions="8">
<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true" />
<Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/>
<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto"
port="4001"
autoBind="100"
selectorTimeout="5000"
maxThreads="6" />
<Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
<Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
</Sender>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
<Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
filter=""/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
<Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
watchEnabled="false"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
<ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Channel>
</Cluster>
.......
</Engine>
3.配置apache
(1)tomcat配置好了,为了session复制,我们还需要在应用的web.xml文件中添加<distributeable/>这个一个配置,那接下来我们就来讲讲apache的配置,需要修改apache的httpd.conf文件,将去掉一下这些的注释,使其生效
Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
LoadModule negotiation_module modules/mod_negotiation.so
LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_ajp_module modules/mod_proxy_ajp.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule proxy_connect_module modules/mod_proxy_connect.so
LoadModule proxy_ftp_module modules/mod_proxy_ftp.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
(2)
在http.conf的最后面新增以下配置,使apache可以反向代理和负载均衡,注意这里的端口是tomcat的端口,同时route是刚才配置的jvmRoute的值,不能配错
ProxyRequests Off
<proxy balancer://loadbalancer>
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8080 loadfactor=1 route=jvm1
BalancerMember http://127.0.0.1:8180 loadfactor=1 route=jvm2
</proxy>
(3)下面是httpd-vhosts.conf文件的配置,其它就不多讲了,"ProxyPass /google !"是可以配置/google地址不反向代理,那么输入地址/google就会在你apahce的根目录里面找,"/baidu" 是配置了方向代理到百度,以上这两个配置主要是看个人需求(绿色部分),主要是想说明怎么配置方向代理,而"ProxyPass / balancer://loadbalancer/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On" 这两句才是重点,主要是配置“/”都反向代理到tomcat,并且是负载均衡的模式
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin webmaster@dummy-host.xiaoyang.com
DocumentRoot "D:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Apache2.2/docs/dummy-host.xiaoyang.com"
ServerName dummy-host.xiaoyang.com
ServerAlias www.dummy-host.xiaoyang.com
ErrorLog "logs/dummy-host.xiaoyang.com-error.log"
CustomLog "logs/dummy-host.xiaoyang.com-access.log" common
ProxyPass /google !
ProxyPass /baidu http://www.baidu.com
ProxyPassReverse /baidu http://www.baidu.com
ProxyPass / balancer://loadbalancer/ stickysession=jsessionid nofailover=On
ProxyPassReverse / balancer://loadbalancer/
</VirtualHost>
注:域名与路径根据自己需要配置
4.测试
所有配置已经完毕,我们现在可以进行测试
为了让效果更加明显,我们改动\tomcat_01\webapps\ROOT\index.html,在<body></dody>中加上<h1>tomcat1</h1>
改动\tomcat_02\webapps\ROOT\index.html,在<body></dody>中加上<h1>tomcat2</h1>
在浏览器中输入http://dummy-host.xiaoyang,看看效果吧!
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