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iOS中数组的使用(NSArray,NSSet,NSDictionary)

2016-01-04 14:59 561 查看
line-height:24px">NSArray用于对象有序集合(数组)

NSSet用于对象无序集合(集合)

NSDictionary用于键值映射(字典)

  以上三种集合类是不可变的(一旦初始化后,就不能改变)

  以下是对应的三种可变集合类(这三种可变集合类是对应上面三种集合类的子类):

NSMutableArray

NSMutableSet

NSMutableDictionary

  注:这些集合类只能收集cocoa对象(NSOjbect对象),如果想保存一些原始的C数据(例如,int,
float, double, BOOL等),则需要将这些原始的C数据封装成NSNumber类型的,NSNumber对象是cocoa对象,可以被保存在集合类中。

===================NSArray====================

Orderedcollection of objects.Immutable(you cannot add or remove objects to it onceit’s created)

Importantmethods:

+(id)arrayWithObjects:(id)firstObject, ...;//nilterminated

-(int)count;

//得到array中的对象个数

-(id)objectAtIndex:(int)index; //
得到索引为i的对象

-(BOOL)containsObject:(id)anyObject; //
当anyObject出现在array中,则返回yes(实际是通过isEqual:方法来判断)

-(unsigned)indexOfObject:(id)anyObject;

//查找array中的anObject,并返回其最小索引值。没找到返回NSNotFound.

-(void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

- (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

-(id)lastObject;

//得到array中最后一个对象。如果array中没有任何对象存在,则返回nil

  注:类方法arrayWithObjects可以创建anautoreleasedNSArrayof
the items.例如

@implementationMyObject

-(NSArray *)coolCats{

return[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@“Steve”, @“Ankush”, @“Sean”, nil];

}

@end

Otherconvenient create with methods (all return autoreleased objects):

[NSString stringWithFormat:@“Meaning of %@ is %d”, @“life”, 42];

[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:ankush, @“TA”, janestudent, @“Student”, nil];

[NSArray arrayWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path];

-----创建数组-----

NSArray*array = [[NSArray alloc]

initWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,@Four,nil];

self.dataArray= array;

[arrayrelease];

NSLog(@self.dataArraycount is:%d,[self.dataArray count]);

NSLog(@self.dataArrayindex 2 is:%@,[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);

------从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级)-------

//arrayWithArray:

NSArray*array1 = [[NSArray alloc]

init];

NSMutableArray *MutableArray =[[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSArray*array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@a,@b,@c,nil];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

MutableArray= [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@MutableArray:%@,MutableArray);

array1= [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];

NSLog(@array1:%@,array1);

//Copy

//idobj;

NSMutableArray*newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSArray*oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@a,@b,@c,@d,@e,@f,@g,@h,nil];

NSLog(@oldArray:%@,oldArray);

for(inti = 0; i [oldArray count]; i++){

obj= [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i]

copy];

[newArrayaddObject: obj];

}

NSLog(@newArray:%@,newArray);

[newArrayrelease];

//快速枚举

NSMutableArray*newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSArray*oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

@a,@b,@c,@d,@e,@f,@g,@h,nil];

NSLog(@oldArray:%@,oldArray);

for(idobj in oldArray)

{

[newArrayaddObject: obj];

}

NSLog(@newArray:%@,newArray);

[newArrayrelease];

//Deepcopy

NSMutableArray*newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSArray*oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:

@a,@b,@c,@d,@e,@f,@g,@h,nil];

NSLog(@oldArray:%@,oldArray);

newArray= (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault,(CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);

NSLog(@newArray:%@,newArray);

[newArrayrelease];

===================NSMutableArray====================

Mutableversion of NSArray.

-(void)addObject:(id)anyObject;//
在array最后添加anObject,
添加nil是非法的.

-(void)addObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)otherArray;//在array最后把otherArray中的对象依次添加进去。

-(void)insertObject:(id)anyObject atIndex:(int)index;//在索引index处插入anyObject,若index被占用,会把之后的object向后移。

-(void)removeObjectAtIndex:(int)index; //删除index处的对象,后面的对象依次向前移。

-(void)removeObject:(id)anyObject; //
删除所有和anObject相等的对象,同样使用isEqual:作为相等比较方法.

-(void)removeAllObjects;

  注:我们不能把nil加到array中。但有时候我们真想给array加一个空的对象,可以使用NSNull来做这件事。如:

[myArray addObject:[NSNull null]];

-----给数组分配容量-----

//NSArray*array;

array= [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];

-----在数组末尾添加对象-----

//-(void) addObject: (id) anyObject;

//NSMutableArray*array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

[arrayaddObject:@Four];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

-----删除数组中指定索引处对象-----

//-(void)removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;

//NSMutableArray*array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

[arrayremoveObjectAtIndex:1];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

-----数组枚举-----

//1、-(NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator; //从前向后

NSMutableArray*array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

NSEnumerator*enumerator;

enumerator= [array objectEnumerator];

idthingie;

while(thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {

NSLog(@thingie:%@,thingie);

}

//2、-(NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator; //从后向前

NSMutableArray*array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@One,@Two,@Three,nil];

NSEnumerator*enumerator;

enumerator= [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

idobject;

while(object = [enumerator nextObject]) {

NSLog(@object:%@,object);

}

//3、快速枚举

NSMutableArray*array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjectsOne,@Two,@Three,nil];

for(NSString*string in array){

NSLog(@string:%@,string);

}

-----NSValue(对任何对象进行包装)-----

//将NSRect放入NSArray中

NSMutableArray*array = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

NSValue*value;

CGRectrect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);

value= [NSValue valueWithBytes:rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];

[arrayaddObject:value];

NSLog(@array:%@,array);

//从Array中提取

value= [array objectAtIndex:0];

[valuegetValue:rect];

NSLog(@value:%@,value);

----★使用NSMutableArray要防止内存泄露★------

NSObject*p1 = [[NSObject alloc]

init];

NSObject*p2 = [[NSObject alloc]

init];

NSMutableArray*objectsArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc]

init];

[objectsArrayaddObject:p1];

NSLog(@p1count:%d, [p1 retainCount]);//输出 2,也就是执行追加对象后,对象的计数器也被加1

//[p1release];

//NSLog(@p1count:%d, [p1 retainCount]);

//同样做数组替换时

[objectsArrayreplaceObjectAtIndex:0 withObject:p2];

NSLog(@p2count:%d, [p2 retainCount]);//输出 2,同样也是2

NSLog(@p1count:%d, [p1 retainCount]);//输出 1,对象p1仍然存在

//[p2release];

//NSLog(@p2count:%d, [p2 retainCount]);

//执行清空数组

[objectsArrayremoveAllObjects];

NSLog(@p2count:%d, [p2 retainCount]);//输出 1,对象p2仍然存在

//[p2release];

  由此可知,每次执行上面的数组操作后,要执行对象release,如上面注释中的语句,才能保证内存不泄露。

NSSet

Unorderedcollection of objects.

Immutable.You cannot add or remove objects to it once it’s created.

Importantmethods:

+setWithObjects:(id)firstObj, ...; //nilterminated

-(int)count;

-(BOOL)containsObject:(id)anObject;

-(id)anyObject;

-(void)makeObjectsPerformSelector:(SEL)aSelector;

-(id)member:(id)anObject; // uses isEqual: and returns amatching object (if any)

NSMutableSet

Mutableversion of NSSet.

+(NSMutableSet *)set;

-(void)addObject:(id)anyObject;

-(void)removeObject:(id)anyObject;

-(void)removeAllObjects;

-(void)unionSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

-(void)minusSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

-(void)intersectSet:(NSSet *)otherSet;

NSDictionary

  一个dictionary就是key-value对的集合。key是字符串(NSString),value是对象指针。

key在整个dictionary是唯一的。通过方法objectForKey:来获得对应于某个key的一个或多个value(值)。

NSDictionary在创建时,其中所有的key和对应的value都存在了。你可以访问其内容,但不可以修改。

dictionary使用hash表来实现,所以查找速度很快。

-(NSUInteger)hash - (BOOL)isEqual:(NSObject *)obj

Importantmethods:

+dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: (id)firstObject, ...;

-(int)count;// 返回有多少对key-value

-(id)objectForKey:(id)key; //返回和key相关联的value。

  如果没有和key相关联的value,则返回nil。

-(NSArray *)allKeys; // 返回一个包含所有key的array

-(NSArray *)allValues;

-NSEnumerator *)keyEnumerator; //这个方法是从一个 dictionary
中得到一个key
的迭代器.

Enumerators也就是iterators
或 enumerations.我们可以使用它来一步一步迭代出集合中的所有成员.

  下面是我们可能使用它来列举所有的 key-
‐vaule


NSEnumerator*e = [myDict keyEnumerator];

for(NSString *s in e) {

NSLog(@keyis %@, value is %@, s, [myDict objectForKey:s]);

}

  注:NSArray也有一个类似的方法得到 array
的成员迭代器 : objectEnumerator

-----创建字典-----

-(id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;

NSDictionary*dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc]

initWithObjectsAndKeys:@One,@1,@Two,@2,@Three,@3,nil];

NSString*string = [dictionary objectForKey:@One];

NSLog(@string:%@,string);

NSLog(@dictionary:%@,dictionary);

[dictionaryrelease];

NSMutableDictionary

Mutableversion of NSDictionary.

NSMutableDictionary是NSDictionary的子类。创建后,允许用户添加和删除key和value。

+(NSMutableDictionary *)dictionary; //
创建一个空的dictionary

-(void)setObject:(id)anyObjectforKey:(id)key; //
使用key和anObject组成一条记录添加到dictionary中

//如果key已存在,则会先移除旧的key-value,然后再添加新的key-value。

-(void)removeObjectForKey:(id)key;

//从dictionary中删除一条记录,key以及和它对应的value

-(void)removeAllObjects;

-(void)addEntriesFromDictionary:(NSDictionary *)otherDictionary;

-----创建可变字典-----

//创建

NSMutableDictionary*dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

//添加字典

[dictionary setObject:@One forKey:@1];

[dictionary setObject:@Two forKey:@2];

[dictionary setObject:@Three forKey:@3];

[dictionary setObject:@Four forKey:@4];

NSLog(@dictionary:%@,dictionary);

//删除指定的字典

[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@3];

NSLog(@dictionary:%@,dictionary);
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