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IOS网络开发(一)

2015-12-15 21:17 681 查看
1 简易的聊天工具

1.1 问题

Socket的英文原义是孔或者插座的意思,通常也称作套接字,用于描述IP地址和端口,是一个通信链的句柄,本案例使用第三方Socket编程框架AsyncSocket框架实现一个简易的聊天工具,并且能够进行文件传输,由于没有服务器本案例将服务器端和客户端写在一个程序中,如图-1所示:



图-1

1.2 方案

首先创建一个SingleViewApplication应用,导入AsyncSocket框架。在Storyboard中搭建聊天界面,上方的Textfield控件用于输入接受端IP地址,中间TextView控件用于展示聊天记录,下方的TextView用于接受用户输入的聊天内容,右下角有一个发送按钮。将这三个控件分别关联成ViewController的输出口属性IPTF、chatRecordTV、chatTV。

接下来首先实现聊天功能,在ViewController中定义三个属性severSocket、clientSocket以及myNewSocket。在viewDidLoad方法中创建服务器端severSocket,将端口号设置为8000,委托对象设置为self。将发送按钮关联成viewController的动作方法send:,实现send:方法,创建客户端对象,获取聊天输入框的内容转化成NSData类型的数据发送出去。

然后ViewController遵守AsyncSocketDelegate协议,分别实现关于socket连接,数据传输以及数据读取的协议方法,更新显示聊天记录内容。

最后实现传输文件功能,传输文件时为了确定所传输文件的类型需要拼接一个消息头,将传输文件的类型、名称和大小保存到消息头里,通常传输数据的开始的100个字节是消息头。在sender:方法中增加拼接消息头的代码。

接受端在接收到文件数据时首先对消息头进行解析,获取到接收文件的类型、大小以及名称,然后再持续接受文件数据,接受完成后将文件保存到本地路径。

1.3 步骤

实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

步骤一:搭建聊天界面

首先创建一个SingleViewApplication应用,导入AsyncSocket框架。在Storyboard中搭建聊天界面,上方的Textfield控件用于输入接受端IP地址,中间TextView控件用于展示聊天记录,下方的TextView用于接受用户输入的聊天内容,如图-2所示:



图-2

然后将这三个控件分别关联成ViewController的输出口属性IPTF、chatRecordTV、chatTV,代码如下所示:

@interface ViewController ()

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *IPTF;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *chatRecordTV;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *chatTV;

@end

步骤二:实现聊天功能

首先在ViewController中定义三个属性severSocket、clientSocket以及myNewSocket,代码如下所示:

@interface ViewController ()

@property (nonatomic, strong)AsyncSocket *serverSocket;

@property (nonatomic, strong)AsyncSocket *clientSocket;

@property (nonatomic, strong)AsyncSocket *myNewSocket;

@end

其次在viewDidLoad方法中创建服务器端severSocket,将端口号设置为8000,委托对象设置为self,代码如下所示:

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

self.serverSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc]initWithDelegate:self];

[self.serverSocket acceptOnPort:8000 error:nil];

}

将发送按钮关联成viewController的动作方法send:,实现send:方法,创建客户端对象,获取聊天输入框的内容转化成NSData类型的数据发送出去,代码如下所示:

- (IBAction)send:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.chatTV resignFirstResponder];

//创建Socket客户端

self.clientSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc]initWithDelegate:self];

[self.clientSocket connectToHost:self.IPTF.text onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:nil];

//将聊天输入框的内容转化为NSData

NSData *data = [self.chatTV.text dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

//发送数据

[self.clientSocket writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n我说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.chatTV.text];

}

运行程序发现,点击聊天输入框弹出的键盘会挡住聊天输入框,因此需要在接受用户输入的时候屏幕界面上移,viewController遵守UITextFieldDelegate和UITextViewDelegate协议,当进入输入状况的时候屏幕界面上移,代码如下所示:

-(BOOL)textViewShouldBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView {

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = CGPointMake(160, self.view.center.y-200);

[UIView commitAnimations];

return YES;

}

添加一个单击手势。当单击屏幕或者点击发送按钮时键盘收回,屏幕界面恢复正常位置,代码如下所示:

//点击发送按钮是

- (IBAction)send:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.chatTV resignFirstResponder];

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = CGPointMake(160, point.y);

[UIView commitAnimations];

//创建Socket客户端

self.clientSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc]initWithDelegate:self];

[self.clientSocket connectToHost:self.IPTF.text onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:nil];

//将聊天输入框的内容转化为NSData

NSData *data = [self.chatTV.text dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

//发送数据

[self.clientSocket writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n我说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.chatTV.text];

}

//单击屏幕时

- (IBAction)resign:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender {

if (self.view.center.y!=point.y) {

[self.chatTV resignFirstResponder];

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = point;

[UIView commitAnimations];

}

}

最后ViewController遵守AsyncSocketDelegate协议,分别实现关于socket连接,数据传输以及数据读取的协议方法,代码如下所示:

//当Socket接受一个连接的时候被调用

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didAcceptNewSocket:(AsyncSocket *)newSocket{

//将新接受的socket持有

self.myNewSocket = newSocket;

}

//当Socket连接并准备读和写调用

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(UInt16)port {

//持续读取数据

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

//当Socket读取数据时调用

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag {

NSString *chatStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n对方说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,chatStr];

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

//持续发送数据

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didWriteDataWithTag:(long)tag {

NSLog(@"发送成功");

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

运行程序,聊天效果如图-3所示:



图-3

步骤三:实现文件传输功能

首先定义三个属性用于记录传输文件的数据、名称和大小,代码如下所示:

@property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableData *allData;

@property (nonatomic, copy)NSString *reciveFileName;

@property (nonatomic, assign)int reciveFileLength;

文件传输需要拼接头文件,将传输文件的类型、大小和名称放进消息头里面,因此在sender:方法中增加拼接消息头的代码,本案例以路径开头区分是发送文件还是聊天,代码如下所示:

- (IBAction)send:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.chatTV resignFirstResponder];

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = CGPointMake(160, point.y);

[UIView commitAnimations];

self.clientSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc]initWithDelegate:self];

[self.clientSocket connectToHost:self.IPTF.text onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:nil];

if (![self.chatTV.text hasPrefix:@"/Users"]) {

NSData *data = [self.chatTV.text dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

[self.clientSocket writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n我说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.chatTV.text];

}else {

NSString *filePath = self.chatTV.text;

NSData *fileData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];

//把头信息添加到文件Data的前面

NSString *header = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"file&&%@&&%d",[filePath lastPathComponent],fileData.length];

//把头字符串转成data

NSData *headerData = [header dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

//把头替换进100个字节的data里面

NSMutableData *sendAllData = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:100];

[sendAllData replaceBytesInRange:NSMakeRange(0, headerData.length) withBytes:headerData.bytes];

[sendAllData appendData:fileData];

NSLog(@"%@",header);

NSLog(@"SendLength = %d",sendAllData.length);

[self.clientSocket writeData:sendAllData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n我说:%@正在发送",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.chatTV.text];

}

}

在读取数据的方法中首先获取消息头信息,如果传递过来的是文件则获取到传输文件的类型、大小和名称,持续读取文件数据,将文件保存到本地路径,接受完成更新聊天记录,代码如下所示:

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag {

if (data.length>=100) {

NSData *headerData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 100)];

NSString *headerStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:headerData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

if (headerStr&& [headerStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"].count==3) {

isFile = YES;

}

}

if (isFile == NO) {

NSString *chatStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n对方说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,chatStr];

}

if (isFile==YES) {

if (data.length>=100) {

NSData *headerData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 100)];

NSString *headerStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:headerData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

if (headerStr&& [headerStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"].count==3) {

NSArray *headers = [headerStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"];

NSString *type = [headers objectAtIndex:0];

if ([type isEqualToString:@"file"]) {

self.reciveFileName = [headers objectAtIndex:1];

self.reciveFileLength = [[headers objectAtIndex:2] intValue];

NSData *subFileData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(100, data.length-100)];

if (!self.allData) {

self.allData = [NSMutableData data];

}

[self.allData appendData:subFileData];

}

}else {//没有消息头的情况下

[self.allData appendData:data];

}

}else {//没有消息头的情况下

[self.allData appendData:data];

}

NSLog(@"%d,%d",self.allData.length,self.reciveFileLength);

if (self.allData.length == self.reciveFileLength ) {

NSLog(@"接受完成");

NSString *filePath = [@"/Users/Vivian/Documents" stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.reciveFileName];

[self.allData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n对方说:成功接收文件%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.reciveFileName];

self.allData = nil;

isFile = NO;

}

if (isFile == YES) {

//如果有数据能够持续接受

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

}

}

运行程序,传输文件效果如图-4所示:



图-4

1.4 完整代码

本案例中,ViewController.m文件中的完整代码如下所示:

#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController () <AsyncSocketDelegate,UITextFieldDelegate,UITextViewDelegate> {

BOOL isFile;

CGPoint point;

}

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextField *IPTF;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *chatRecordTV;

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UITextView *chatTV;

@property (nonatomic, strong)AsyncSocket *serverSocket;

@property (nonatomic, strong)AsyncSocket *clientSocket;

@property (nonatomic, strong)AsyncSocket *myNewSocket;

@property (strong,nonatomic) NSMutableData *allData;

@property (nonatomic, copy)NSString *reciveFileName;

@property (nonatomic, assign)int reciveFileLength;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {

[super viewDidLoad];

self.serverSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc]initWithDelegate:self];

[self.serverSocket acceptOnPort:8000 error:nil];

point = self.view.center;

self.allData = [NSMutableData data];

isFile = NO;

}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didAcceptNewSocket:(AsyncSocket *)newSocket{

//将新接受的socket持有

self.myNewSocket = newSocket;

}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didConnectToHost:(NSString *)host port:(UInt16)port {

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didReadData:(NSData *)data withTag:(long)tag {

if (data.length>=100) {

NSData *headerData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 100)];

NSString *headerStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:headerData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

if (headerStr&& [headerStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"].count==3) {

isFile = YES;

}

}

if (isFile == NO) {

NSString *chatStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:data encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n对方说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,chatStr];

}

if (isFile==YES) {

if (data.length>=100) {

NSData *headerData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 100)];

NSString *headerStr = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:headerData encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

if (headerStr&& [headerStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"].count==3) {

NSArray *headers = [headerStr componentsSeparatedByString:@"&&"];

NSString *type = [headers objectAtIndex:0];

if ([type isEqualToString:@"file"]) {

self.reciveFileName = [headers objectAtIndex:1];

self.reciveFileLength = [[headers objectAtIndex:2] intValue];

NSData *subFileData = [data subdataWithRange:NSMakeRange(100, data.length-100)];

if (!self.allData) {

self.allData = [NSMutableData data];

}

[self.allData appendData:subFileData];

}

}else {//没有消息头的情况下

[self.allData appendData:data];

}

}else {//没有消息头的情况下

[self.allData appendData:data];

}

NSLog(@"%d,%d",self.allData.length,self.reciveFileLength);

if (self.allData.length == self.reciveFileLength ) {

NSLog(@"接受完成");

NSString *filePath = [@"/Users/Vivian/Documents" stringByAppendingPathComponent:self.reciveFileName];

[self.allData writeToFile:filePath atomically:YES];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n对方说:成功接收文件%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.reciveFileName];

self.allData = nil;

isFile = NO;

}

if (isFile == YES) {

//如果有数据能够持续接受

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

}

}

-(void)onSocket:(AsyncSocket *)sock didWriteDataWithTag:(long)tag {

NSLog(@"发送成功");

[self.myNewSocket readDataWithTimeout:-1 tag:0];

}

-(BOOL)textViewShouldBeginEditing:(UITextView *)textView {

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = CGPointMake(160, self.view.center.y-200);

[UIView commitAnimations];

return YES;

}

- (IBAction)send:(UIButton *)sender {

[self.chatTV resignFirstResponder];

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = CGPointMake(160, point.y);

[UIView commitAnimations];

self.clientSocket = [[AsyncSocket alloc]initWithDelegate:self];

[self.clientSocket connectToHost:self.IPTF.text onPort:8000 withTimeout:-1 error:nil];

if (![self.chatTV.text hasPrefix:@"/Users"]) {

NSData *data = [self.chatTV.text dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

[self.clientSocket writeData:data withTimeout:-1 tag:0];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n我说:%@",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.chatTV.text];

}else {

NSString *filePath = self.chatTV.text;

NSData *fileData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:filePath];

//把头信息添加到文件Data的前面

NSString *header = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"file&&%@&&%d",[filePath lastPathComponent],fileData.length];

//把头字符串转成data

NSData *headerData = [header dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

//把头替换进100个字节的data里面

NSMutableData *sendAllData = [NSMutableData dataWithLength:100];

[sendAllData replaceBytesInRange:NSMakeRange(0, headerData.length) withBytes:headerData.bytes];

[sendAllData appendData:fileData];

NSLog(@"%@",header);

NSLog(@"SendLength = %d",sendAllData.length);

[self.clientSocket writeData:sendAllData withTimeout:-1 tag:0];

self.chatRecordTV.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@\n我说:%@正在发送",self.chatRecordTV.text,self.chatTV.text];

}

}

- (IBAction)done:(UITextField *)sender {

[self.IPTF resignFirstResponder];

}

- (IBAction)resign:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)sender {

if (self.view.center.y!=point.y) {

[self.chatTV resignFirstResponder];

[UIView beginAnimations:nil context:nil];

[UIView setAnimationCurve:UIViewAnimationCurveEaseIn];

[UIView setAnimationDuration:0.2];

self.view.center = point;

[UIView commitAnimations];

}

}

@end


                                            
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