实战c++中的vector系列--构造、operator=和assign区别

vector也许是实际过程中使用最多的stl容器，看似简单，其实有很多技巧和陷阱。

着重看一看vector的构造，暂时按照C++11：

default (1)
explicit vector (const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());

fill (2)
explicit vector (size_type n);
vector (size_type n, const value_type& val,
const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());

range (3)
template <class InputIterator>
vector (InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());

copy (4)
vector (const vector& x);
vector (const vector& x, const allocator_type& alloc);

move (5)
vector (vector&& x);
vector (vector&& x, const allocator_type& alloc);

initializer list (6)
vector (initializer_list<value_type> il,
const allocator_type& alloc = allocator_type());

直接看看下面的代码，就知道如何构造一个vector了：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main ()
{

std::vector<int> first;                                // default (1)
std::vector<int> second (4,100);                       // fill (2)
std::vector<int> third (second.begin(),second.end());  // range (3)
std::vector<int> fourth (third);                       // a copy of third

// the iterator constructor can also be used to construct from arrays:
int myints[] = {16,2,77,29};
std::vector<int> fifth (myints, myints + sizeof(myints) / sizeof(int) );

std::cout << "The contents of fifth are:";
for (std::vector<int>::iterator it = fifth.begin(); it != fifth.end(); ++it)
std::cout << ' ' << *it;
std::cout << '\n';

return 0;
}

===========================================================

vector重载了=运算符，也有一个叫assign的方法，而且有什么区别吗？

std::vector::operator=

直接代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main ()
{
std::vector<int> foo (3,0);
std::vector<int> bar (5,0);

bar = foo;
foo = std::vector<int>();

std::cout << "Size of foo: " << int(foo.size()) << '\n';
std::cout << "Size of bar: " << int(bar.size()) << '\n';
return 0;
}

//结果：
Size of foo: 0
Size of bar: 3

这里需要说明的是：

replacing its current contents

modifying its size accordingly

std::vector::assign

同样直接代码：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main ()
{
std::vector<int> first;
std::vector<int> second;
std::vector<int> third;

first.assign (7,100);             // 7 ints with a value of 100

std::vector<int>::iterator it;
it=first.begin()+1;

second.assign (it,first.end()-1); // the 5 central values of first

int myints[] = {1776,7,4};
third.assign (myints,myints+3);   // assigning from array.

std::cout << "Size of first: " << int (first.size()) << '\n';
std::cout << "Size of second: " << int (second.size()) << '\n';
std::cout << "Size of third: " << int (third.size()) << '\n';
return 0;
}
//输出：
Size of first: 7
Size of second: 5
Size of third: 3

这里同样需要说明：

replacing its current contents

modifying its size accordingly