详解Maven 构建SpringMVC4.0
2015-12-03 17:45
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准备使用maven构建一个SpringMVC4.0的项目，苦于网上没有现成的资料，于是自己摸索着写了这样一份文档，分享给大家，也给自己留作参考
1.maven插件的安装，参考《maven实战》，其中有详细的安装步骤详解，链接里有扫描的pdf，仅供参考学习 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jGhMF0i
2.创建maven项目，New->Project->Maven Project，默认下一步
创建一个webapp项目
填写GroupId和ArtifactId
项目结构如图：
直接进入workspace，向物理目录src中添加main/java,test/java.test/resource文件夹，eclipse F5刷新目录，如果目录显示不全，BuildPath->Source->Add Folder添加对应的目录
最终目录结构如图所示：
点击控制台problem，提示错误为：
*Description Resource Path Location Type
The superclass “javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet” was not found on the Java Build Path index.jsp /MavenDemo/src/main/webapp line 1 JSP Problem*
BuildPath添加位于tomcat目录下lib中的servlet-api.jar即可
3.完成pom.xml,配置参数版本，jar包依赖，构建环境，为下一步准备，直接下载了mybatis的jar包
项目右键，Maven->Update Project,构建项目所需的jar包
4.配置web.xml，打开位于src/mian/webapp/web-inf路径下的web.xml，配置如下：
5.在web-inf目录下创建applicationContext.xml，其配置如下：
6.新建目录结构如下：
servlet-context.xml:
root-context.xml:
7.测试框架
测试文件结构如图：
在controller中使用了@RestController，@ModelAttribute两个4.0的注解。以下是详细实现。
TestController：
model User：
index.jsp:
test.jsp:
maven install后，将项目部署到tomcat上即可访问。
特别注意，执行maven install命令时，可能会出现以下异常：
Cannot change version of project facet Dynamic Web Module to 3.0.
这个异常是由于项目版本问题引起的，解决办法是：修改项目.setting目录下的org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.xml文件，将其中的
一项修改为3.0
配置到这里，整个项目环境就基本搭建完成了，数据持久层我准备使用mybatis来实现，实现后再贴上来，我在搭建环境的过程中也是遇到问题解决问题，所以肯定有一些逻辑混乱和表达不清。如果按照文档实现起来遇到问题，欢迎讨论。如果我的实现办法不周到，欢迎指教。
1.maven插件的安装，参考《maven实战》，其中有详细的安装步骤详解，链接里有扫描的pdf，仅供参考学习 http://pan.baidu.com/s/1jGhMF0i
2.创建maven项目，New->Project->Maven Project，默认下一步
创建一个webapp项目
填写GroupId和ArtifactId
项目结构如图：
直接进入workspace，向物理目录src中添加main/java,test/java.test/resource文件夹，eclipse F5刷新目录，如果目录显示不全，BuildPath->Source->Add Folder添加对应的目录
最终目录结构如图所示：
点击控制台problem，提示错误为：
*Description Resource Path Location Type
The superclass “javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet” was not found on the Java Build Path index.jsp /MavenDemo/src/main/webapp line 1 JSP Problem*
BuildPath添加位于tomcat目录下lib中的servlet-api.jar即可
3.完成pom.xml,配置参数版本，jar包依赖，构建环境，为下一步准备，直接下载了mybatis的jar包
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>maven</groupId> <artifactId>MavenDemo2</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>MavenDemo2 Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <spring.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</spring.version> <junit.version>4.11</junit.version> <jdk.version>1.8</jdk.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.0.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId> <artifactId>guava</artifactId> <version>18.0.0</version> <type>pom.lastUpdated</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-lang</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId> <version>1.9.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.4.6</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.2.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId> <version>1.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId> <version>1.2.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.3.4</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpcomponents-core</artifactId> <version>4.3</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.5</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1</version> <configuration> <source>1.8</source> <target>1.8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> <finalName>MavenDemo</finalName> </build> </project>
项目右键，Maven->Update Project,构建项目所需的jar包
4.配置web.xml，打开位于src/mian/webapp/web-inf路径下的web.xml，配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <!-- 初始化配置文件 applicationContext.xml--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- 字符编码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name> <param-value>true</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!--加载核心 DispatcherServlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!-- servlet的初始化配置文件 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/appServlet/servlet-context.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <context-param> <param-name>webAppRootKey</param-name> <param-value>webapp.root2</param-value> </context-param> </web-app>
5.在web-inf目录下创建applicationContext.xml，其配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- 系统基础配置 --> <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <!-- 忽略占位符异常 --> <property name="systemPropertiesModeName" value="SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_OVERRIDE" /> <!-- 在解析一个占位符的时候，会先用系统属性来尝试，然后才会用指定的属性文件--> <property name="ignoreResourceNotFound" value="true" /> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter" /> <!--需要扫描的包 --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.zzq.*" /> </beans>
6.新建目录结构如下：
servlet-context.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <!-- activates annotation driven binding --> <!-- 简写的配置标记，自动注册其中的bean --> <mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- 允许注册实现了HttpMessageConverter接口的bean，来对requestbody 或responsebody中的数据进行解析 --> <mvc:message-converters> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.ResourceHttpMessageConverter" /> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.Jaxb2RootElementHttpMessageConverter" /> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" /> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.FormHttpMessageConverter" /> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter" /> </mvc:message-converters> </mvc:annotation-driven> <!-- Resolves views selected for rendering by @Controllers to .jsp resources in the /WEB-INF/views directory --> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/" /> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> </bean> <context:component-scan base-package="com" /> <context:annotation-config /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"></bean> <mvc:default-servlet-handler/> </beans>
root-context.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache-3.2.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd"> <!-- Root Context: defines shared resources visible to all other web components --> </beans>
7.测试框架
测试文件结构如图：
在controller中使用了@RestController，@ModelAttribute两个4.0的注解。以下是详细实现。
TestController：
package com.zzq.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import com.zzq.model.User;
@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/api_cat")
public class TestController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/add")
public ModelAndView save(@ModelAttribute User user,HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println(user.getId()+":"+user.getName());
Map<String, Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
map.put("id", user.getId());
map.put("name", user.getName());
return new ModelAndView("test", "apiver", map);
}
}model User：
package com.zzq.model;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class User implements Serializable {
private int id;
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}index.jsp:
<html> <body> <h2>Add Book</h2> <form method="post" action="api_cat/add.do"> id:<input type="text" name="id" > name:<input type="text" name="name" > <input type="submit" value="Add"> <a href="book.do?method=test">test</a> </form> </body> </html>
test.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fn" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/functions" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
ID : ${apiver.id} <br />
Name : ${apiver.name}
</body>
</html>maven install后，将项目部署到tomcat上即可访问。
特别注意，执行maven install命令时，可能会出现以下异常：
Cannot change version of project facet Dynamic Web Module to 3.0.
这个异常是由于项目版本问题引起的，解决办法是：修改项目.setting目录下的org.eclipse.wst.common.project.facet.core.xml文件，将其中的
<installed facet="jst.web" version="3.0"/>
一项修改为3.0
配置到这里，整个项目环境就基本搭建完成了，数据持久层我准备使用mybatis来实现，实现后再贴上来，我在搭建环境的过程中也是遇到问题解决问题，所以肯定有一些逻辑混乱和表达不清。如果按照文档实现起来遇到问题，欢迎讨论。如果我的实现办法不周到，欢迎指教。
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