【C#/算法】RGB、HSV、HSL颜色模型的互相转换

RGB、HSV、HSL颜色模型的含义本文就不赘述了，大家可以直接百度到。

在此提供一个封装好的可以对三种颜色模型进行互相转换的辅助类。



以上是使用该类写出的程序示例。

以下是颜色模型类的描述

#region RGB / HSV / HSL 颜色模型类
/// <summary>
/// 类      名：ColorHSL
/// 功      能：H 色相 \ S 饱和度(纯度) \ L 亮度 颜色模型
/// 日      期：2015-02-08
/// 修      改：2015-03-20
/// 作      者：ls9512
/// </summary>
public class ColorHSL
{
public ColorHSL(int h, int s, int l)
{
this._h = h;
this._s = s;
this._l = l;
}

private int _h;
private int _s;
private int _l;

/// <summary>
/// 色相
/// </summary>
public int H
{
get { return this._h; }
set
{
this._h = value;
this._h = this._h > 360 ? 360 : this._h;
this._h = this._h < 0 ? 0 : this._h;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 饱和度(纯度)
/// </summary>
public int S
{
get { return this._s; }
set
{
this._s = value;
this._s = this._s > 255 ? 255 : this._s;
this._s = this._s < 0 ? 0 : this._s;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 饱和度
/// </summary>
public int L
{
get { return this._l; }
set
{
this._l = value;
this._l = this._l > 255 ? 255 : this._l;
this._l = this._l < 0 ? 0 : this._l;
}
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 类      名：ColorHSV
/// 功      能：H 色相 \ S 饱和度(纯度) \ V 明度 颜色模型
/// 日      期：2015-01-22
/// 修      改：2015-03-20
/// 作      者：ls9512
/// </summary>
public class ColorHSV
{
/// <summary>
/// 构造方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="h"></param>
/// <param name="s"></param>
/// <param name="v"></param>
public ColorHSV(int h, int s, int v)
{
this._h = h;
this._s = s;
this._v = v;
}

private int _h;
private int _s;
private int _v;

/// <summary>
/// 色相
/// </summary>
public int H
{
get { return this._h; }
set
{
this._h = value;
this._h = this._h > 360 ? 360 : this._h;
this._h = this._h < 0 ? 0 : this._h;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 饱和度(纯度)
/// </summary>
public int S
{
get { return this._s; }
set
{
this._s = value;
this._s = this._s > 255 ? 255 : this._s;
this._s = this._s < 0 ? 0 : this._s;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 明度
/// </summary>
public int V
{
get { return this._v; }
set
{
this._v = value;
this._v = this._v > 255 ? 255 : this._v;
this._v = this._v < 0 ? 0 : this._v;
}
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 类      名：ColorRGB
/// 功      能：R 红色 \ G 绿色 \ B 蓝色 颜色模型
///                 所有颜色模型的基类，RGB是用于输出到屏幕的颜色模式，所以所有模型都将转换成RGB输出
/// 日      期：2015-01-22
/// 修      改：2015-03-20
/// 作      者：ls9512
/// </summary>
public class ColorRGB
{
/// <summary>
/// 构造方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="r"></param>
/// <param name="g"></param>
/// <param name="b"></param>
public ColorRGB(int r, int g, int b)
{
this._r = r;
this._g = g;
this._b = b;
}

private int _r;
private int _g;
private int _b;

/// <summary>
/// 红色
/// </summary>
public int R
{
get { return this._r; }
set
{
this._r = value;
this._r = this._r > 255 ? 255 : this._r;
this._r = this._r < 0 ? 0 : this._r;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 绿色
/// </summary>
public int G
{
get { return this._g; }
set
{
this._g = value;
this._g = this._g > 255 ? 255 : this._g;
this._g = this._g < 0 ? 0 : this._g;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 蓝色
/// </summary>
public int B
{
get { return this._b; }
set
{
this._b = value;
this._b = this._b > 255 ? 255 : this._b;
this._b = this._b < 0 ? 0 : this._b;
}
}

/// <summary>
/// 获取实际颜色
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Color GetColor()
{
return Color.FromArgb(this._r, this._g, this._b);
}
}
#endregion

以下是实现颜色模型之间互相转换的类

/// <summary>
/// 类      名：ColorHelper
/// 功      能：提供从RGB到HSV/HSL色彩空间的相互转换
/// 日      期：2015-02-08
/// 修      改：2015-03-20
/// 作      者：ls9512
/// </summary>
public static class ColorHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// RGB转换HSV
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rgb"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static ColorHSV RgbToHsv(ColorRGB rgb)
{
float min, max, tmp, H, S, V;
float R = rgb.R * 1.0f / 255, G = rgb.G * 1.0f / 255, B = rgb.B * 1.0f / 255;
tmp = Math.Min(R, G);
min = Math.Min(tmp, B);
tmp = Math.Max(R, G);
max = Math.Max(tmp, B);
// H
H = 0;
if (max == min)
{
H = 0;
}
else if (max == R && G > B)
{
H = 60 * (G - B) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 0;
}
else if (max == R && G < B)
{
H = 60 * (G - B) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 360;
}
else if (max == G)
{
H = H = 60 * (B - R) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 120;
}
else if (max == B)
{
H = H = 60 * (R - G) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 240;
}
// S
if (max == 0)
{
S = 0;
}
else
{
S = (max - min) * 1.0f / max;
}
// V
V = max;
return new ColorHSV((int)H, (int)(S * 255), (int)(V * 255));
}

/// <summary>
/// HSV转换RGB
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hsv"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static ColorRGB HsvToRgb(ColorHSV hsv)
{
if (hsv.H == 360) hsv.H = 359; // 360为全黑，原因不明
float R = 0f, G = 0f, B = 0f;
if (hsv.S == 0)
{
return new ColorRGB(hsv.V, hsv.V, hsv.V);
}
float S = hsv.S * 1.0f / 255, V = hsv.V * 1.0f / 255;
int H1 = (int)(hsv.H * 1.0f / 60), H = hsv.H;
float F = H * 1.0f / 60 - H1;
float P = V * (1.0f - S);
float Q = V * (1.0f - F * S);
float T = V * (1.0f - (1.0f - F) * S);
switch (H1)
{
case 0: R = V; G = T; B = P; break;
case 1: R = Q; G = V; B = P; break;
case 2: R = P; G = V; B = T; break;
case 3: R = P; G = Q; B = V; break;
case 4: R = T; G = P; B = V; break;
case 5: R = V; G = P; B = Q; break;
}
R = R * 255;
G = G * 255;
B = B * 255;
while (R > 255) R -= 255;
while (R < 0) R += 255;
while (G > 255) G -= 255;
while (G < 0) G += 255;
while (B > 255) B -= 255;
while (B < 0) B += 255;
return new ColorRGB((int)R, (int)G, (int)B);
}

/// <summary>
/// RGB转换HSL
/// </summary>
/// <param name="rgb"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static ColorHSL RgbToHsl(ColorRGB rgb)
{
float min, max, tmp, H, S, L;
float R = rgb.R * 1.0f / 255, G = rgb.G * 1.0f / 255, B = rgb.B * 1.0f / 255;
tmp = Math.Min(R, G);
min = Math.Min(tmp, B);
tmp = Math.Max(R, G);
max = Math.Max(tmp, B);
// H
H = 0;
if (max == min)
{
H = 0;  // 此时H应为未定义，通常写为0
}
else if (max == R && G > B)
{
H = 60 * (G - B) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 0;
}
else if (max == R && G < B)
{
H = 60 * (G - B) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 360;
}
else if (max == G)
{
H = H = 60 * (B - R) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 120;
}
else if (max == B)
{
H = H = 60 * (R - G) * 1.0f / (max - min) + 240;
}
// L
L = 0.5f * (max + min);
// S
S = 0;
if (L == 0 || max == min)
{
S = 0;
}
else if (0 < L && L < 0.5)
{
S = (max - min) / (L * 2);
}
else if (L > 0.5)
{
S = (max - min) / (2 - 2 * L);
}
return new ColorHSL((int)H, (int)(S * 255), (int)(L * 255));
}

/// <summary>
/// HSL转换RGB
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hsl"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static ColorRGB HslToRgb(ColorHSL hsl)
{
float R = 0f, G = 0f, B = 0f;
float S = hsl.S * 1.0f / 255, L = hsl.L * 1.0f / 255;
float temp1, temp2, temp3;
if (S == 0f) // 灰色
{
R = L;
G = L;
B = L;
}
else
{
if (L < 0.5f)
{
temp2 = L * (1.0f + S);
}
else
{
temp2 = L + S - L * S;
}
temp1 = 2.0f * L - temp2;
float H = hsl.H * 1.0f / 360;
// R
temp3 = H + 1.0f / 3.0f;
if (temp3 < 0) temp3 += 1.0f;
if (temp3 > 1) temp3 -= 1.0f;
R = temp3;
// G
temp3 = H;
if (temp3 < 0) temp3 += 1.0f;
if (temp3 > 1) temp3 -= 1.0f;
G = temp3;
// B
temp3 = H - 1.0f / 3.0f;
if (temp3 < 0) temp3 += 1.0f;
if (temp3 > 1) temp3 -= 1.0f;
B = temp3;
}
R = R * 255;
G = G * 255;
B = B * 255;
return new ColorRGB((int)R, (int)G, (int)B);
}
}