github SSH authentication
2015-11-18 23:17
344 查看
Generating SSH keys
MACWINDOWS
LINUX
ALL
SSH keys are a way to identify trusted computers, without involving passwords. The steps below will walk you through generating an SSH key and adding the public key to your GitHub account.
We recommend that you regularly review
your SSH keys list and revoke any that haven't been used in a while.
Step
1: Check for SSH keys
First, we need to check for existing SSH keys on your computer. Open Terminal andenter:
ls -al ~/.ssh # Lists the files in your .ssh directory, if they exist
Check the directory listing to see if you already have a public SSH key. By default, the filenames of the public keys are one of the following:
id_dsa.pub
id_ecdsa.pub
id_ed25519.pub
id_rsa.pub
If you see an existing public and private key pair listed (for example id_rsa.pub and id_rsa)
that you would like to use to connect to GitHub, you can skip Step 2 and
go straight to Step 3.
Tip: If you receive an error that ~/.ssh doesn't
exist, don't worry! We'll create it in Step 2.
Step
2: Generate a new SSH key
With Terminal stillopen, copy and paste the text below. Make sure you substitute in your GitHub email address.
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com" # Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label # Generating public/private rsa key pair.
We strongly suggest keeping the default settings as they are, so when you're prompted to "Enter a file in which to save the key", just press Enter to
continue.
# Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa): [Press enter]
You'll be asked to enter a passphrase.
# Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase] # Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]
Tip: We strongly recommend a very good, secure passphrase. For more information,
see "Working
with SSH key passphrases".
After you enter a passphrase, you'll be given the fingerprint, or id,
of your SSH key. It will look something like this:
# Your identification has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa. # Your public key has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. # The key fingerprint is: # 01:0f:f4:3b:ca:85:d6:17:a1:7d:f0:68:9d:f0:a2:db your_email@example.com
Step
3: Add your key to the ssh-agent
To configure the ssh-agent programto use your SSH key:
Ensure ssh-agent is enabled:
# start the ssh-agent in the background eval "$(ssh-agent -s)" # Agent pid 59566
Add your SSH key to the ssh-agent:
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa
Tip: If you didn't generate a new SSH key in Step
2, and used an existing SSH key instead, you will need to replace id_rsain
the above command with the name of your existing private key file.
Step
4: Add your SSH key to your account
To configure your GitHub account to use your SSH key:Copy the SSH key to your clipboard. Keep in mind that your key may also be named
id_dsa.pub,
id_ecdsa.pubor
id_ed25519.pub, in which case you change the filename below:
sudo apt-get install xclip # Downloads and installs xclip. If you don't have `apt-get`, you might need to use another installer (like `yum`) xclip -sel clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub # Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard
Warning: It's important to copy the key exactly without adding newlines
or whitespace.
Add the copied key to GitHub:
In
the top right corner of any page, click your profile photo, then click Settings.
In
the user settings sidebar, click SSH keys.
Click Add
SSH key.
In the Title field, add a descriptive label for the new key. For example, if you're using a personal Mac, you might call this key "Personal MacBook Air".
Paste
your key into the "Key" field.
Click Add
key.
Confirm the action by entering your GitHub password.
Step
5: Test the connection
To make sure everything is working, you'll now try to SSH into GitHub. When you do this, you will be asked to authenticate this action using your password, which is the SSH key passphrase you created earlier.Open Terminal and
enter:
ssh -T git@github.com # Attempts to ssh to GitHub
You may see this warning:
# The authenticity of host 'github.com (207.97.227.239)' can't be established. # RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48. # Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
Verify the fingerprint in the message you see matches the following message, then type
yes:
# Hi username! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not # provide shell access.
It's possible that you'll see this error message:
... Agent admitted failure to sign using the key. debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey).
This is a known problem with certain Linux distributions. For a possible resolution, see our
help article.
If the username in the message is yours, you've successfully set up your SSH key!
If you receive a message about "access denied," you can read
these instructions for diagnosing the issue.
If you're switching from HTTPS to SSH, you'll now need to update your remote repository URLs. For more information, see Changing
a remote's URL.
相关文章推荐
- python之自动化生成解析ini文件的Qt类
- GitHub Desktop离线包以及使用解析
- 用java实现计算String类型的四则运算——用栈和后缀表达式实现
- 免费赠与c/c++海量视频 学习资料的
- 2. Spring4.1-Java Config
- ASP.NET 未被授权访问所请求的资源。请考虑授予 ASP.NET 请求标识访问此资源的权限
- java(6)内部类基础
- php面向对象的static关键字
- 使用Qt正则表达式提取全路径的文件名
- python之定时执行截屏
- java to Json or Json to JavaBean
- php 数组排序
- 《Java虚拟机原理图解》3、JVM运行时数据区
- Java里子类调用父类构造方法问题
- Struts2通配符映射
- Struts2通配符映射
- <2> go -反射-函数map化
- Java 多线程的基本概念
- 一起talk C栗子吧(第六十三回:C语言实例--字符串查找)
- 简单工厂模式,抽象工厂模式,反射工厂模式的代码总结