SpringMVC简单地入门程序

SpringMVC是一个很流行的MVC框架，在系统地学习完Sturts2之后据说很容易就能掌握它。所以找来了一套视频，先从最简单地入门。

1.新建Web项目

2.修改项目的编码UTF-8

3.拷贝Jar包(SpringMVC3.1.1)



4.新建sourcefolder以及下面的package.



5.在web.xml中添加DispatcherServlet的配置。就像Struts2中需要配置StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter一样。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>springmvc</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

6.根据web.xml中的配置classpath:spirngmvc.xml。在根目录下创建springmvc.xml文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">

<!-- 配置自动扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cars.springmvc"></context:component-scan>

<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>

<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

根据配置文件需要在WEB-INF下新建文件夹views。文件的后缀为.jsp

7.准备数据：主要为了实现SpringMVC，所以Service层省掉了，数据也采用Map进行初始化。现在Model层新建两个实体：Department和Employee的实体。一对多的关系。

Department:

package com.cars.springmvc.model;

public class Department {
private Integer id;
private String departmentName;

public Department(int i, String string) {
this.id = i;
this.departmentName = string;
}

public Department() {
}

public Integer getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getDepartmentName() {
return departmentName;
}
public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName) {
this.departmentName = departmentName;
}
}

Employee:

package com.cars.springmvc.model;

public class Employee {
private Integer id;
private String lastName;
private String email;
private Integer gender;
private Department department;
public Employee(int i, String string, String string2, int j, Department department2) {
this.id = i;
this.lastName = string;
this.email = string2;
this.gender = j;
this.department = department2;
}

public Employee() {	}

public Integer getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Integer getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(Integer gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Department getDepartment() {
return department;
}
public void setDepartment(Department department) {
this.department = department;
}

}

对应的Dao层代码：

DepartmentDao

package com.cars.springmvc.dao;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.cars.springmvc.model.Department;
@Repository
public class DepartmentDao {

private static Map<Integer,Department> departments = null;

static{
departments = new HashMap<Integer,Department>();

departments.put(101, new Department(101,"D_AA"));
departments.put(102, new Department(101,"D_BB"));
departments.put(103, new Department(101,"D_CC"));
departments.put(104, new Department(101,"D_DD"));
departments.put(105, new Department(101,"D_EE"));
}

public Department getDepartment(int i){
return departments.get(i);
}

public Collection<Department> getDepartments(){
return departments.values();
}
}

EmployeeDao:

package com.cars.springmvc.dao;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.cars.springmvc.model.Department;
import com.cars.springmvc.model.Employee;
@Repository
public class EmployeeDao {

private static Map<Integer,Employee> employees = null;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;
static{
employees = new HashMap<Integer,Employee>();
employees.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "E-AA", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(101, "D-AA")));
employees.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "E-BB", "aa@163.com", 0, new Department(102, "D-BB")));
employees.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "E-CC", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(103, "D-CC")));
employees.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "E-DD", "aa@163.com", 0, new Department(104, "D-DD")));
employees.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "E-EE", "aa@163.com", 1, new Department(105, "D-EE")));
}

public Collection<Employee> getEmployees(){
return employees.values();
}
public Employee getEmployee(Integer id){
return employees.get(id);
}

//保存方法和删除方法

private static Integer initId = 1006;

public void saveEmployee(Employee employee){
if(employee.getId() == null){
employee.setId(initId++);
}
employee.setDepartment(departmentDao.getDepartment(employee.getDepartment().getId()));
employees.put(employee.getId(), employee);
}

public void removeEmployee(Integer id){
employees.remove(id);
}
}

8.完成list方法，显示所有的员工信息，映射Handler中的方法/list

Handler代码：

package com.cars.springmvc.handler;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.cars.springmvc.dao.DepartmentDao;
import com.cars.springmvc.dao.EmployeeDao;
import com.cars.springmvc.model.Employee;
@Controller
public class EmployeeHandler {
@Autowired
private EmployeeDao employeeDao;
@Autowired
private DepartmentDao departmentDao;

@RequestMapping("/list")
public String list(Map<String,Object> map){
map.put("employees", employeeDao.getEmployees());
return "list";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/emp",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String input(Map<String,Object> map){
//加载department下拉框
map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
map.put("employee",new Employee());
return "input";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/emp",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String add(Employee employee){
employeeDao.saveEmployee(employee);
return "redirect:/list";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
public String del(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
employeeDao.removeEmployee(id);
return "redirect:/list";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/emp/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String input(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,Map<String,Object> map){
//需要回显出数据
map.put("employee",employeeDao.getEmployee(id));
map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
return "input";
}

@RequestMapping(value="/emp",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
public String edit(Employee employee){
employeeDao.saveEmployee(employee);
return "redirect:/list";
}
}

9.在WEB-INF/views下新建页面list.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts/jquery-1.9.1.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function(){
//alert("123");
$(".delete").click(function(){
var href = $(this).attr("href");
$("form").attr("action",href).submit();
return false;
});
});
</script>
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<form action="" method="POST">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="delete">
</form>
<!-- 若没有数据，则显示没有员工信息，若有信息，则显示表格信息 -->
<c:if test="${empty requestScope.employees }">没有任何员工信息</c:if>
<c:if test="${!empty requestScope.employees}">
<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>LastName</th>
<th>Email</th>
<th>Gender</th>
<th>Department</th>
<th>Edit</th>
<th>Delete</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach items="${requestScope.employees }" var="emp">
<tr>
<td>${emp.id } </td>
<td>${emp.lastName } </td>
<td>${emp.email } </td>
<td>${emp.gender == 0 ?'female':'male'}</td>
<td>${emp.department.departmentName } </td>
<td><a href="emp/${emp.id }">Edit</a> </td>
<td><a class="delete" href="emp/${emp.id }">Delete</a> </td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</c:if>

<a href="emp">Add New Employee</a>
</body>
</html>

这样在浏览器输入地址：http://localhost:8080/spirngmvc2/list 看到的效果为：



除了LIst的功能，我们再看看跳转到Add页面

我们点击Add NEW Employee则连接到emp。映射到Handler中方法：

@RequestMapping(value="/emp",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String input(Map<String,Object> map){
//加载department下拉框
map.put("departments", departmentDao.getDepartments());
map.put("employee",new Employee());
return "input";
}

新建input.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.Map" %>
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.HashMap" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>添加员工</title>
</head>
<body>
<form:form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/emp" method="POST" modelAttribute="employee">
<c:if test="${employee.id == null}">
lastName:<form:input path="lastName"/>
</c:if>
<c:if test="${employee.id != null}">
<form:hidden path="id"/>
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
</c:if>
<br>
Email:<form:input path="email"/>
<br>
<%
Map<String,String> genders = new HashMap<String,String>();
genders.put("0", "Male");
genders.put("1", "Female");

request.setAttribute("genders", genders);
%>
Gender:<form:radiobuttons path="gender" items="${genders }"/>
<br>
Department:<form:select path="department.id" items="${departments }" itemLabel="departmentName" itemValue="id">
</form:select>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form:form>
</body>
</html>

效果为：



其他的功能如：Add,Edit和Delete,请自行查看效果。