最新 Spring 4.2.2 集成 Quartz Scheduler 2.2.2 任务调度示例

本文将演示如何通过 Spring 使用 Quartz Scheduler 进行任务调度。Spring 为简化 Quartz 的操作提供了相关支持类。
本文示例使用的相关工具如下：
Spring 4.2.2 (发布于 2015 年 10 月)
Quartz Scheduler 2.2.2 (发布于 2015 年 10 月)
Maven 3
JDK 1.7
Eclipse Luna Service Release 1 (4.4.1)

步骤 1：新建 Maven 项目

这一步如果不知道怎么做可以参考博客《使用 Eclipse 的 Maven 2 插件开发一个 JEE 项目》。

步骤 2：第三方依赖包的引入

Maven pom.xml 编辑如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>settle</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-quartz</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>spring-quartz</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<springframework.version>4.2.2.RELEASE</springframework.version>
<quartz.version>2.2.2</quartz.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Transaction dependency is required with Quartz integration -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${springframework.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- Quartz framework -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>${quartz.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>

步骤 3：Quartz Scheduler 配置作业

有两种方式在 Spring 中使用 Quartz 来配置一个作业。
A：使用 MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean
这种方式在你想要调用特定 bean 的一个方法的时候很是方便，比另一种方法要简单的多。

<!-- For times when you just need to invoke a method on a specific object -->
<bean id="simpleJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="myBean" />
<property name="targetMethod" value="printMessage" />
</bean>

以上作业配置简单调用了 myBean 的 printMessage 方法，myBean 是一个简单的 POJO。
B：使用 JobDetailFactoryBean
如果你需要更高级的设置，需要给作业传递数据，想更加灵活的话就使用这种方式。

<!-- For times when you need more complex processing, passing data to the scheduled job -->
<bean name="firstComplexJobDetail"    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="jobClass" value="com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob" />
<property name="jobDataMap">
<map>
<entry key="anotherBean" value-ref="anotherBean" />
</map>
</property>
<property name="durability" value="true" />
</bean>

jobClass 关联到一个继承自 QuartzJobBean 的类，它实现了 Quartz 作业接口。调用到这个作业的时候，它的 executeInternal 将被执行。
jobDataMap 允许我们给相关作业 bean 传递一些数据。在这个例子里，我们将 ScheduledJob 将要使用到的 'anotherBean' 传递给它。
以下是引用 jobclass(FirstScheduledJob)的具体实现。
com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob

/**
* File Name：ScheduledJob.java
*
* Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015
* All Rights Reserved
*
*/
package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

import com.defonds.scheduler.util.AnotherBean;

/**
*
* Project Name：spring-quartz
* Type Name：ScheduledJob
* Type Description：
* Author：Defonds
* Create Date：2015-10-29
* @version
*
*/
public class FirstScheduledJob extends QuartzJobBean {

private AnotherBean anotherBean;

@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)
throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("I am FirstScheduledJob");
this.anotherBean.printAnotherMessage();

}

public void setAnotherBean(AnotherBean anotherBean) {
this.anotherBean = anotherBean;
}
}

步骤 4：配置 Quartz 调度时要使用到的触发器

触发器用来定义调度器何时将会执行你的调度任务的那个时间。有两种可能的触发器类型：
A：简单触发器，使用 SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
你可以定义作业的启动时间、触发器之间的延迟时间以及 repeatInterval(频率)。

<!-- Run the job every 2 seconds with initial delay of 1 second -->
<bean id="simpleTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="simpleJobDetail" />
<property name="startDelay" value="1000" />
<property name="repeatInterval" value="2000" />
</bean>

B：计划触发器，使用 CronTriggerFactoryBean
这种类型更加灵活，允许你针对特定实例选择计划方案以及将来要执行的频率。

<!-- Run the job every 5 seconds -->
<bean id="cronTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="firstComplexJobDetail" />
<!--<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * SAT-SUN" />-->
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * *" />

</bean>

步骤 5：配置创建定配置 Quartz 调度器的 SchedulerFactoryBean

SchedulerFactoryBean 将 jobDetails 和 triggers 整合在一起以配置 Quartz 调度器。

<!-- Scheduler factory bean to glue together jobDetails and triggers to Configure Quartz Scheduler -->
<bean  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetails">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleJobDetail" />
<ref bean="firstComplexJobDetail" />
<ref bean="secondComplexJobDetail" />
</list>
</property>

<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleTrigger" />
<ref bean="cronTrigger" />
<ref bean="secondCronTrigger" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>

下面贴出我们示例的完整的上下文文件。
src/main/resources/quartz-context.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> 
<context:component-scan base-package="com.defonds.scheduler" />

<!-- For times when you just need to invoke a method on a specific object -->
<bean id="simpleJobDetail" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject" ref="myBean" />
<property name="targetMethod" value="printMessage" />
</bean>

<!-- For times when you need more complex processing, passing data to the scheduled job -->
<bean name="firstComplexJobDetail"    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="jobClass" value="com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.FirstScheduledJob" />
<property name="jobDataMap">
<map>
<entry key="anotherBean" value-ref="anotherBean" />
</map>
</property>
<property name="durability" value="true" />
</bean>

<!-- Always run at 20:00 everyday -->
<bean name="secondComplexJobDetail"    class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="jobClass" value="com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.SecondScheduledJob" />
<property name="durability" value="true" />
</bean>

<!-- Run the job every 2 seconds with initial delay of 1 second -->
<bean id="simpleTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="simpleJobDetail" />
<property name="startDelay" value="1000" />
<property name="repeatInterval" value="2000" />
</bean>

<!-- Run the job every 5 seconds -->
<bean id="cronTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="firstComplexJobDetail" />
<!--<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * SAT-SUN" />-->
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * ? * *" />

</bean>

<!-- Always run at 20:00 everyday -->
<bean id="secondCronTrigger"  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="secondComplexJobDetail" />
<property name="cronExpression" value="0 0 20 ? * *" />
</bean>

<!-- Scheduler factory bean to glue together jobDetails and triggers to Configure Quartz Scheduler -->
<bean  class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetails">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleJobDetail" />
<ref bean="firstComplexJobDetail" />
<ref bean="secondComplexJobDetail" />
</list>
</property>

<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="simpleTrigger" />
<ref bean="cronTrigger" />
<ref bean="secondCronTrigger" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>

</beans>

步骤 6：创建本文用到的几个简单 POJO 任务 Bean

com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.MyBean

/**
* File Name：MyBean.java
*
* Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015
* All Rights Reserved
*
*/
package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
*
* Project Name：spring-quartz
* Type Name：MyBean
* Type Description：
* Author：Defonds
* Create Date：2015-10-29
* @version
*
*/
@Component("myBean")
public class MyBean {

public void printMessage() {
System.out.println("I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean");
}

}

com.defonds.scheduler.util.AnotherBean

/**
* File Name：AnotherBean.java
*
* Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015
* All Rights Reserved
*
*/
package com.defonds.scheduler.util;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
*
* Project Name：spring-quartz
* Type Name：AnotherBean
* Type Description：
* Author：Defonds
* Create Date：2015-10-29
* @version
*
*/
@Component("anotherBean")
public class AnotherBean {

public void printAnotherMessage(){
System.out.println("I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean");
}

}

com.defonds.scheduler.jobs.SecondScheduledJob

/**
* File Name：SecondScheduledJob.java
*
* Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015
* All Rights Reserved
*
*/
package com.defonds.scheduler.jobs;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

/**
*
* Project Name：spring-quartz
* Type Name：SecondScheduledJob
* Type Description：
* Author：Defonds
* Create Date：2015-10-29
* @version
*
*/
public class SecondScheduledJob extends QuartzJobBean {

@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0)
throws JobExecutionException {
System.out.println("I am SecondScheduledJob");

}

}

为了演示多个执行计划的一起调度，我们写了两个 JobDetailFactoryBean，于是就有了 SecondScheduledJob。

步骤 7：创建执行程序的 Main 类

/**
* File Name：AppMain.java
*
* Copyright Defonds Corporation 2015
* All Rights Reserved
*
*/
package com.defonds.scheduler;

import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
*
* Project Name：spring-quartz
* Type Name：AppMain
* Type Description：
* Author：Defonds
* Create Date：2015-10-29
* @version
*
*/
public class AppMain {

public static void main(String args[]){
AbstractApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("quartz-context.xml");
}

}

这时整个项目目录结构如下图所示：



执行这个 Main 类，输出结果如下：
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am SecondScheduledJob
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am FirstScheduledJob
I am AnotherBean. I am called by Quartz jobBean using CronTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
I am MyBean. I am called by MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean using SimpleTriggerFactoryBean
可以看到，简单触发器调用的作业每隔两秒执行一次，而计划触发器一的则是每隔五秒钟执行一次，计划触发器二则是固定只执行了一次(晚上八点整，红色字体部分)。

后记

大多数情况下都会使用 JobDetailFactoryBean 进行任务调度配置；
每个 JobDetailFactoryBean 都有一个触发器与之匹配。配置多个调度计划，需要配置多个这种匹配对；
由触发器指向 JobDetailFactoryBean；

本文完整 Eclipse 下的开发项目示例已上传 CSDN 资源，有兴趣的朋友可以去下载下来参考：http://download.csdn.net/detail/defonds/9224893。

参考资料

Spring 4 + Quartz Scheduler Integration Example