Java 加载配置文件的方式

一 使用原生方式读取配置文件1 文件系统加载Java代码 InputStream in = new FileInputStream("config.properties"); Properties p = new Properties(); p.load(in); 2 类加载方式A 与类同级目录Java代码 InputStream in = Main.class.getResourceAsStream("config.properties"); B 在类的下一级目录Java代码 InputStream in = Main.class.getResourceAsStream("resource/config.properties"); C 指定加载资源配置文件的classes相对路径Java代码 InputStream in = Main.class.getResourceAsStream("/test/resource/config.properties"); 注意事项：如上以/开头的是指从根目录开始加载。D 使用类加载器的方式Java代码 InputStream in = Main.class.getClassLoader(). getResourceAsStream("test/resource/config.properties"); E 资源配置文件在classes下Java代码 InputStream in = Main.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config.properties"); 二 使用apache提供的功能组件参照网上相关资料1 读取properties文件的方式示例代码Java代码 import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration; import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException; import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration; public class PropertiesConfigurationDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws ConfigurationException { Configuration config = new PropertiesConfiguration(PropertiesConfigurationDemo.class.getResource("system-config.properties")); String ip = config.getString("ip"); String[] colors = config.getStringArray("colors.pie"); for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) { System.out.println(colors[i]); } List<?> colorList = config.getList("colors.pie"); for (int i = 0; i < colorList.size(); i++) { System.out.println(colorList.get(i)); } } } 配置文件代码：ip=10.10.1.1colors.pie = #FF0000, #00FF00, #0000FF2 读取XML文件的方式Java代码 import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration; import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException; import org.apache.commons.configuration.XMLConfiguration; public class XMLConfigurationDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws ConfigurationException { Configuration config = new XMLConfiguration(XMLConfigurationDemo.class .getResource("system-config.xml")); String ip = config.getString("ip"); String account = config.getString("account"); String password = config.getString("password"); List<?> roles = config.getList("roles.role"); System.out.println("IP: " + ip); System.out.println("Account: " + account); System.out.println("Password: " + password); for (int i = 0; i < roles.size(); i++) { System.out.println("Role: " + roles.get(i)); } } } Xml文件代码：Xml代码 <config> <ip>10.10.1.1</ip> <account>jini</account> <password>jakarta99</password> <roles> <role>admin</role> <role>manager</role> <role>user</role> </roles> </config> 示例2Java代码 import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration; import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException; import org.apache.commons.configuration.XMLConfiguration; public class XmlConfigurationExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, ConfigurationException { String resource = "main/global.xml"; Configuration config = new XMLConfiguration(resource); // 只有new一个XMLConfiguration的实例就可以了. List<?> startCriteria = config.getList("start-criteria.criteria"); for (int i = 0; i < startCriteria.size(); i++) { System.out.println("Role: " + startCriteria.get(i)); } int horsepower = config.getInt("horsepower"); System.out.println(horsepower); } } global.xml文件代码Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <engine-config> <start-criteria> <criteria> Temperature Above -10 Celsius </criteria> <criteria> Fuel tank is not empty </criteria> </start-criteria> <volume>4 Liters</volume> <horsepower>42</horsepower> </engine-config> 示例3：混合读取二种文件Java代码 import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.configuration.CompositeConfiguration; import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationException; import org.apache.commons.configuration.PropertiesConfiguration; import org.apache.commons.configuration.XMLConfiguration; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws ConfigurationException { CompositeConfiguration config = new CompositeConfiguration(); config.addConfiguration(new PropertiesConfiguration( "main/global.properties")); config.addConfiguration(new XMLConfiguration("main/global.xml")); List<?> startCriteria = config.getList("start-criteria.criteria"); int horsepower = config.getInt("horsepower"); for (int i = 0; i < startCriteria.size(); i++) { System.out.println("Role: " + startCriteria.get(i)); } System.out.println(horsepower); System.out.println("Speed: " + config.getFloat("speed")); System.out.println("Names: " + config.getString("name")); } } Xml如上所示，global.properties文件如下：speed=50 name=Default User示例4Java代码 import java.net.URL; import java.util.List; import org.apache.commons.configuration.Configuration; import org.apache.commons.configuration.ConfigurationFactory; public class PropertiesXmlConfigurationExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ConfigurationFactory factory = new ConfigurationFactory(); URL configURL = PropertiesXmlConfigurationExample.class.getResource("additional-xml-configuration.xml"); factory.setConfigurationURL(configURL); Configuration config = factory.getConfiguration(); List<?> startCriteria = config.getList("start-criteria.criteria"); for (int i = 0; i < startCriteria.size(); i++) { System.out.println("Role: " + startCriteria.get(i)); } int horsepower = config.getInt("horsepower"); System.out.println("Horsepower: " + horsepower); System.out.println("Speed: " + config.getFloat("speed")); System.out.println("Names: " + config.getString("name")); } } additional-xml-configuration.xml文件内容：Xml代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?> <configuration> <properties fileName="global.properties"/> <xml fileName="global.xml"/> </configuration> 相关API说明：# PropertiesConfiguration 从一个 property 文件中加载配置 .# XMLConfiguration 从 XML 文件中加载配置信息 .# XMLPropertyListConfiguration 也可以读取 XML 被 Mac OSX 使用变量 .# JNDIConfiguration 利用 jndi 树的一个键值，可以返回一个值，这个值来作为配置信息# BaseConfiguration 访问内存中的一个配置对象 .# HierarchicalConfiguration 一个在内存中的配置对象，这个对象可以处理复杂的数据结构 .# SystemConfiguration 一个利用系统属性的配置信息# ConfigurationConverter 把 java.util.Properties 或者 org.apache.collections.commons.ExtendedProperties 转化为一个 Configuration 对象参考资料：common-configuration读取xml,properties文件http://javamy.iteye.com/blog/252619使用apache common configuration读取配置文件或修改配置文件http://www.suneca.com/article.asp?id=9