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spring4+strust2+hibernate4 环境开发搭建

2015-10-22 21:21 696 查看

spring4+strust2+hibernate4 环境开发搭建

用惯了springmvc,对于ssh这个框架有点以往,今天搭建以下,回顾,现在的说strust2,已经有了很大的改变,通过convention-plugin 可以用来实现 struts2 的零配置。

下面就开始这侧的配置,我们要注意一下的是,spring版本和web版本的兼容性,spring4需要的是web3.0环境和jdk1.8版本,如果不这样配置的话,环境启动报错我们都不知道.
对于ssh这个框架,下面贴出几个最重要的,源码还请大家下载.
另外,拦截器已经加入,但是我一直处理不好一个问题,全局异常处理,在本源码中,异常处理后能抓到异常,但是不会条向指定页面,还请各位有明白的能指正出来,共同进步.
下载源码链接地址: http://download.csdn.net/detail/u014201191/9208027

ssh环境搭建

首先我们先来看一下web.xml和pom.xml文件,再次做一个记录

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">

<display-name>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</display-name>

<!-- spring 和  Hibernate的配置文件 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath:spring.xml
classpath:spring-hibernate.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>

<!-- 编码设置 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- openSessionInView配置 作用是延迟session关闭到view层 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>singleSession</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- 监听servletContext，启动contextConfigLocation中的spring配置信息 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<!-- 防止spring内存溢出监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.IntrospectorCleanupListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<!-- Struts2 filter -->

<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

<!-- 配置session超时时间，单位分钟 -->
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>

<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.andy.ssh</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

<name>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>4.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>4.3.8.Final</hibernate.version>
<struts2.version>2.3.20</struts2.version>
<jackson.version>2.5.0</jackson.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>

<!-- junit -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<!-- 关系型数据库整合时需配置 如hibernate jpa等 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- struts2 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
<version>${struts2.version}</version>

<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<!-- Hibernate已经还有该包的依赖 -->
<artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
<groupId>javassist</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-spring-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${struts2.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts2-convention-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${struts2.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>

<!-- mysql连接 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.34</version>
</dependency>

<!-- 数据源 druid -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.12</version>
</dependency>

<!-- json -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>${jackson.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- aop -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.8.4</version>
</dependency>

<!-- servlet -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0-alpha-1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>

</dependencies>

<build>
<finalName>spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo</finalName>

<plugins>
<!-- Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.4.2</version>
<configuration>
<skipTests>true</skipTests>
</configuration>

</plugin>

<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3</version>
<configuration>
<webXml>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml</webXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<!-- generate java doc -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.9.1</version>
<configuration>
<javadocDirectory>target/javadoc</javadocDirectory>
<reportOutputDirectory>target/javadoc</reportOutputDirectory>
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
<docencoding>UTF-8</docencoding>
<show>private</show>
</configuration>
</plugin>

<!-- 部署至本机 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.cargo</groupId>
<artifactId>cargo-maven2-plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<configuration>
<container>
<containerId>tomcat6x</containerId>
<home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home>
</container>
<configuration>
<type>existing</type>
<home>F:\apache-tomcat-7.0.27</home>
</configuration>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>

</build>
</project>

这两个对于我们环境来说是最重要的,包括下载jar和环境初始化

下面我们给出spring和strust2的xml配置文件
spring.xml和spring-hibernate.xml以及strust.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd"> <!-- 加载配置文件 -->

<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>
<!-- 扫描service自动注入为bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="org.andy.shop.service.impl,org.andy.shop.dao.impl" />

</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd">

<!-- 配置数据源 使用的是Druid数据源 -->
<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />

<!-- 初始化连接大小 -->
<property name="initialSize" value="0" />
<!-- 连接池最大使用连接数量 -->
<property name="maxActive" value="20" />

<!-- 连接池最小空闲 -->
<property name="minIdle" value="0" />
<!-- 获取连接最大等待时间 -->
<property name="maxWait" value="60000" />
<property name="poolPreparedStatements" value="true" />
<property name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"
value="33" />
<!-- 用来检测有效sql -->
<property name="validationQuery" value="${validationQuery}" />
<property name="testOnBorrow" value="false" />
<property name="testOnReturn" value="false" />
<property name="testWhileIdle" value="true" />
<!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000" />
<!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 -->
<property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="25200000" />
<!-- 打开removeAbandoned功能 -->
<property name="removeAbandoned" value="true" />
<!-- 1800秒，也就是30分钟 -->
<property name="removeAbandonedTimeout" value="1800" />
<!-- 关闭abanded连接时输出错误日志 -->
<property name="logAbandoned" value="true" />
<!-- 监控数据库 -->
<property name="filters" value="mergeStat" />
</bean>

<!-- 配置hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据源 相关信息看源码 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- hibernate配置信息 -->
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${hibernate.format_sql}</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!-- 扫描hibernate注解配置的entity -->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="org.andy.shop.entity" />
</bean>

<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>

<!-- 配置事务增强处理Bean，指定事务管理器 -->
<tx:advice id="transactionAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<!-- 配置详细事务处理语义 -->
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

<tx:method name="get*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="find*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="select*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />
<tx:method name="load*" propagation="SUPPORTS" read-only="true" />

<!-- 其他采用默认事务方式 -->
<tx:method name="*" />

</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>

<!-- Spring aop事务管理 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="transactionPointcut"
expression="execution(* org.andy.shop.service.impl.*Impl.*(..))" />
<!-- 指定在txAdvice切入点应用txAdvice事务增强处理 -->
<aop:advisor pointcut-ref="transactionPointcut"
advice-ref="transactionAdvice" />
</aop:config>

</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<!-- 指定由spring负责action对象的创建 -->
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
<!-- 所有匹配*.action的请求都由struts2处理 -->
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do" />
<!-- 是否启用开发模式 -->
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<!-- struts配置文件改动后，是aa否重新加载 -->
<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
<!-- 设置浏览器是否缓存静态内容 -->
<constant name="struts.serve.static.browserCache" value="false" />
<!-- 请求参数的编码方式 -->
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="utf-8" />
<!-- 每次HTTP请求系统都重新加载资源文件，有助于开发 -->
<constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="true" />
<!-- 文件上传最大值 -->
<constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="104857600" />
<!-- 让struts2支持动态方法调用 -->
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />
<!-- Action名称中是否还是用斜线 -->
<constant name="struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames" value="false" />
<!-- 允许标签中使用表达式语法 -->
<constant name="struts.tag.altSyntax" value="true" />
<!-- 对于WebLogic,Orion,OC4J此属性应该设置成true -->
<constant name="struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround" value="false" />

<constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/WEB-INF/content/" />

<!-- 注解方式的请求strust2 -->
<!-- 定义一个拦截器,并使用 -->
<package name="custom-default" extends="struts-default">
<!-- 定义一个拦截器 -->
<interceptors>
<interceptor name="authority"
class="org.andy.shop.intercptor.AuthInterceptor">
</interceptor>
<!-- 拦截器栈 -->
<interceptor-stack name="mydefault">
<interceptor-ref name="authority" />
<interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" />
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<!-- 下面的这种配置,只要继承了这个package,那么该action的所有请求都将会进入拦截器 -->
<!-- <default-interceptor-ref name="mydefault"></default-interceptor-ref> -->

<!-- 下面的全局异常处理没有效果 -->
<global-results>
<result name="exception">/WEB-INF/content/error/exception.jsp</result>
</global-results>
<global-exception-mappings>
<exception-mapping exception="java.lang.NumberFormatException"
result="exception" />
</global-exception-mappings>
</package>

<!-- xml方式的请求strust2 -->
<package name="myself-default" extends="struts-default" namespace="/login">
<action name="loginAction_*" class="org.andy.shop.action.LoginAction" method="{1}">
<result name="view">/WEB-INF/content/login/index.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>

</struts>

本次项目中的拦截器配置还有待完善,写好后,我会第一时间更新.

下面我们来看一下最基本的两个个action,前者是注解方式,后者是xml方式

package org.andy.shop.action;

import java.util.List;

import org.andy.shop.entity.UserInfo;
import org.andy.shop.service.UserInfoService;
import org.andy.shop.utils.AjaxUtil;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMapping;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMappings;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.InterceptorRef;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ResultPath;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**
* @ParentPackage : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="xx"/> 默认值是 convention-default,
* 拦截器就是在xml中配置好以后才会在这里引用的
*/
@ParentPackage(value="custom-default")

/**
* @Namespace 一旦配置,将会在我们配置的根目录(默认为content,也可用@ResultPath来配置)下,找 'user/' 目录下的jsp
*/
@Namespace("/user")

/**
* @ResultPath : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="xx" /> 默认值是 /WEB-INF/content/
*/
@ResultPath(value="/WEB-INF/content/")

/**
* 引入拦截器,要预先在xml中配置好
*/
@InterceptorRef(value="mydefault")

/**
* 全局返回
*/
@Result(name = "error_exception",location = "result_false.jsp")
public class UserinfoAction extends ActionSupport  {

private static final long serialVersionUID = -2301203156032690317L;

private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(UserinfoAction.class);
private Integer id;
private UserInfo userInfo;
private List<UserInfo> userInfos;

@Autowired
private UserInfoService userInfoService;

public Integer getId() {
return id;
}

public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}

public UserInfo getUserInfo() {
return userInfo;
}

public void setUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
this.userInfo = userInfo;
}

public List<UserInfo> getUserInfos() {
return userInfos;
}

public void setUserInfos(List<UserInfo> userInfos) {
this.userInfos = userInfos;
}

public UserInfo getModel() {
if (null != id) {
userInfo = userInfoService.get(id);
} else {
userInfo = new UserInfo();
}
return userInfo;
}

/**
* 请求链接:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/user/userinfo.action
*/
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
LOGGER.info("查询所有用户");
userInfos = userInfoService.findAll();
/**如果是SUCCESS,那么就是说,返回的view视图为:action的名字,userinfo+jsp*/
return SUCCESS;

}

/**
* 请求链接:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/user/userinfo!detail.action?id=1
*/
public void detail() {
String id = ServletActionContext.getRequest().getParameter("id");
LOGGER.info("查看用户详情：" + id);
userInfo = userInfoService.get(Integer.valueOf(id));
AjaxUtil.ajaxJSONResponse(userInfo);

}

/**
* 请求链接为:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/user/doIt.action
* @author 高国藩
* @date 2015年10月23日 下午5:28:34
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Action(value = "doIt",
results = {
@Result(name = "isTrue", location = "result_true.jsp"),
@Result(name = "isFalse", location = "result_false.jsp")
}
)
public String doIt() throws NumberFormatException {
LOGGER.info("view action has been call ...");
return "isTrue";
}

}

package org.andy.shop.action;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class LoginAction {

private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(LoginAction.class);

/**
* 下面方法为xml方式进行请求struts,不适用注解方式
* 请求方式:http://localhost:8080/spring_struts2_Hibernate_demo/login/loginAction_viewAction.action
* @author 高国藩
* @date 2015年10月23日 下午8:59:20
* @return
*/
public String viewAction() {
LOGGER.info("viewAction | 通配符请求方法");
Integer.parseInt("throw one exception ....");
return "view";
}
}

其中最基本的配置要看下面,有很多默认的配置.
注意默认请求action的方式和返回view的方式,action请求舍去了Action,而view则会配置根目录,success的返回结果则会返回action的默认名称+jsp的形式,例如UserAction,请求则会是user.action,而view则是web-inf/content/user.jsp.但这些配置都可以在convention这个插件中配置,详细都在下面看strust2的常量配置.

struts2注解convention插件

struts.xml

<struts>

<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>


<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8"/> 

<constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/view/" />


<constant name="struts.convention.action.name.separator" value="_" /> 

<constant name="struts.convention.classes.reload" value="true" />


<constant name="struts.convention.action.suffix" value="Action" /> 

<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,html,htm,php,aspx" /> 

<constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action,actions" /> 

</struts>

convention 几项重要配置 :

Action 类后缀名 : <constant name="struts.convention.action.suffix" value="Action" />

继承了 struts2 的 ActionSupport 类的类不是一个普通的类，它具有能够处理请求和对请求作出响应的能力，

通常，开发者常常为这种特殊的类起一个后缀名，以区分一般普通的类。例如，xxAction，xxController，

这里的类名的后缀 Action，Controller 就是对应上面配置中的 value 的值，这个值会在发起 URL 请求的时候被截去。例如 : TestAction ---> test

Action类扩展名 [多项以逗号隔开] : <constant name="struts.action.extension" value="action,do,html,htm,php,aspx" />

与文件的扩展名相似的，例如 : TestAction ---> test.action 或 test.do 或 test.html 或 test.php 或 test.aspx 或 ...

注意 : 若该项被配置，则，访问所有的 Action 都需带上 Action 的扩展名，否则客户端将抛出 404 ERROR

Action类名分隔符 : <constant name="struts.convention.action.name.separator" value="_" />

若 Action 类名中出现驼峰标识的串，则用分隔符来切割串，如 HelloWorldAction ---> hello_world

搜索 Action 资源的包路径 [多项以逗号隔开] : <constant name="struts.convention.package.locators" value="action,actions" />

只有当包名含有以上配置中 value 值中至少一项时，convention plugin 才能搜索找得到该 Action，

否则就算访问的 Action 是存在的，convention plugin 也无法找得到该 Action

注意 : 若包名不是以上列出现过的串结束，则后面的串相当于该包下所有 Action 访问的命名空间 ( 以下面的 LoginAction 作为示例 )。

搜索视图资源(JSP,freemarker,等)的路径 : <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="/view/" />

所有的视图资源都需放在配置指定的文件夹路径下，否则，就算结果视图是真实存在的，convention plugin 也无法找得到该视图。默认值是 /WEB-INF/content/
convention 约定 :

1. [ Action 不存在的情况 ] 若 convention plugin 在包搜索路径中搜索不到与请求的 URL 相匹配的 Action，则会到视图的搜索路径下搜索

与请求的 URL 相匹配的视图资源，若还搜索不到，则抛出 no Action mapped Exception

示例 :

view/hello_world.jsp [ 没有与之匹配的 Action 类 ]

<html>

<body>

<h2>Hello World!!</h2>

</body>

</html>

2. [ Action 的 execute 方法或动态方法调用的情况 ] 如请求 name!method.action，若 NameAction 存在，且 NameAction 中存在 method 这样一个方法，

则根据 method 方法返回的字符串，结果的视图资源名称规则 ( 视图以 JSP 文件为例 ) :

① success -----> name.jsp 或 name_success.jsp ; 若这两个视图同时存在，则 convention plugin 会选择 name_success.jsp 作为视图来展示

② 非 success 的任意串 string -----> name_string.jsp

示例 :

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**

* -----------------------------------------

* @描述 TODO

* @作者 fancy

* @邮箱 fancydeepin@yeah.net

* @日期 2012-10-26 <BR>

* -----------------------------------------

*/

public class SayHelloAction extends ActionSupport{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private String message;

public String execute(){

message = "Hello struts2 convention plugin!";

return SUCCESS;

}

public String say(){

message = "SayHelloAction, say";

return "world";

}

public String sayHello(){

message = "SayHelloAction, sayHello";

return "conventionPlugin";

}

public String getMessage() {

return message;

}

}

view/say_hello.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>say_hello.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

view/say_hello_world.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>say_hello_world.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

view/say_hello_conventionPlugin.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>say_hello_conventionPlugin.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

convention 注解 :

@ParentPackage : 对应于 struts.xml
常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.default.parent.package" value="xx"/> 默认值是
convention-default

@ResultPath : 对应于 struts.xml 常量配置项的 <constant name="struts.convention.result.path" value="xx" /> 默认值是
/WEB-INF/content/

@Namespace : Action 访问的命名空间，该注解一旦声明，结果的视图资源需放在
: 视图搜索目录/命名空间 ( 如 : view/simple/demo.jsp )

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ResultPath;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**

* -----------------------------------------

* @描述 TODO

* @作者 fancy

* @邮箱 fancydeepin@yeah.net

* @日期 2012-10-26 <BR>

* -----------------------------------------

*/

@ParentPackage("convention-default")

@Namespace("/simple")

@ResultPath("/view/")

public class DemoAction extends ActionSupport{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private String message;

public String execute(){

message = "DemoAction";

return SUCCESS;

}

public String getMessage() {

return message;

}

}

view/simple/demo.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>demo.jsp → Hello World ${message}!</h2>

</body>

</html>

@Action

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**

* -----------------------------------------

* @描述 TODO

* @作者 fancy

* @邮箱 fancydeepin@yeah.net

* @日期 2012-10-26 <BR>

* -----------------------------------------

*/

public class ActionannotationAction extends ActionSupport{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private String message;

@Action("invoke")

public String invokeMethod(){

message = "ActionannotationAction, invokeMethod";

return SUCCESS;

}

public String getMessage() {

return message;

}

}

view/invoke.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>invoke.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

@Result，@Results

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action;

import java.util.Random;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;

import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**

* -----------------------------------------

* @描述 TODO

* @作者 fancy

* @邮箱 fancydeepin@yeah.net

* @日期 2012-10-26 <BR>

* -----------------------------------------

*/

@Results({@Result(name = "success", location = "result.jsp")})

public class ResultAction extends ActionSupport{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private String message;

public String execute(){

message = "ResultAction, execute";

return SUCCESS;

}

@Action(value = "doIt",

results = {

@Result(name = "isTrue", location = "result_true.jsp"),

@Result(name = "isFalse", location = "result_false.jsp")

}

)

public String doExecute(){

message = "doExecute isFalse.";

if(new Random().nextBoolean()){

message = "doExecute isTrue.";

return "isTrue";

}

return "isFalse";

}

public String getMessage() {

return message;

}

}

view/result.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>result.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

view/result_true.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>result_true.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

view/result_false.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>result_false.jsp → Message : ${message}</h2>

</body>

</html>

The last example

package net.yeah.fancydeepin.action.admin;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

/**

* -----------------------------------------

* @描述 TODO

* @作者 fancy

* @邮箱 fancydeepin@yeah.net

* @日期 2012-10-26 <BR>

* -----------------------------------------

*/

public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private String username;

private String password;

public String log(){

username = username.intern();

password = password.intern();

if(username == "admin" && password == "fancy"){

return SUCCESS;

}

return ERROR;

}

public void setUsername(String username) {

this.username = username;

}

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

}

view/admin/login_success.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>Welcome!!</h2>

</body>

</html>

view/admin/login_error.jsp

<html>

<body>

<h2>Login Failed!!</h2>

</body>

</html>

全局异常处理方式

<global-results>定义全局结果处理

一般发生异常之后结果返回errHandler

因为errHandler是由<global-exception-mappings>关联到Exception这个类了

然后处理结果

<result name="errHandler" type="chain">

然后它就根据

<param name="actionName">errorProcessor</param>

找action

<action name="errorProcessor" class="cn.itcast.sh.error.ErrorProcess">

<result>/error.jsp</result>

</action>

处理了然后返回到 error.jsp

注解方式

package com.xiaoji.ssh.action;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Action;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMapping;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ExceptionMappings;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Namespace;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.ParentPackage;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Result;
import org.apache.struts2.convention.annotation.Results;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@Namespace("/book")
@Results( { @Result(name = "success", location = "/views/main.jsp"),
@Result(name = "error", location = "/views/error.jsp") })
@ExceptionMappings( { @ExceptionMapping(exception = "java.lang.Exception", result = "error") })
public class BookAction extends ActionSupport{
/** @Fields serialVersionUID : */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(BookAction.class);
private String username;

public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

@Action(value="test")
public String test() throws Exception{
logger.info("抛出异常处理");
Integer.parseInt("error");
this.setUsername("strutsTest");
return SUCCESS;
}

}

在这样的配置下,如果跑出了异常,就会跳转到error这个result中,在项目跟路径下,/views/error.jsp,同样可以传递参数,将错误信息输出

xml配置文件方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="false"></constant>
<!-- <constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources" value="itcast"></constant> -->
<package name="struts-global" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<global-results>
<result name="errHandler" type="chain">
<param name="actionName">errorProcessor</param>
</result>
</global-results>
<global-exception-mappings>
<exception-mapping result="errHandler" exception="java.lang.Exception">
</exception-mapping>
</global-exception-mappings>

<action name="errorProcessor" class="cn.itcast.sh.error.ErrorProcess">
<result>/error.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>

package cn.itcast.sh.error;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class ErrorProcess extends ActionSupport {
private Exception exception;

public Exception getException() {
return exception;
}

public void setException(Exception exception) {
this.exception = exception;
}
@Override
public String execute()
{
ActionContext.getContext().getValueStack().push(this.exception.getMessage());　　　　　　//放到值栈顶
return this.SUCCESS;
}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="user" namespace="/" extends="struts-global">
<action name="UserAction_*" method="{1}" class="cn.itcast.sh.action.UserAction">
<result name="userList">/user/list.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>

然后如果页面异常都会转向 error.jsp中显示,error.jsp可以进行错误显示,因为信息被放到栈顶了所以可以取到,<s:property />

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