MongoDB 更新的简单使用

update 函数似乎比insert，remove跟find难用一点，原因参数多了。
不过简单的写一些比较少用的技巧，普通更新一般比较简单。

关于$inc操作：
属于原子操作，可以整型，长整型或浮点数进行增加操作，如下：

> test={
... "name":"Mike",
... "friends":32,
... "enemies":2,
... "Balance":155.6
... }
{ "name" : "Mike", "friends" : 32, "enemies" : 2, "Balance" : 155.6 }
> db.updatetest.insert(test)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.updatetest.update({"name":"Mike"},{"$inc":{"Balance":5.4}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625ab9b16a7b138cf6bf46f"), "name" : "Mike", "friends" : 32, "enemies" : 2, "Balance" : 161 }

关于$set操作：
对存在的文档指定一个字段值，如果该字段不存在则创建它，如下：

test={    "name":"Mike",    "age":32,    "sex":"male",    "location":"China"}
> db.updatetest.insert(test)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625ae7616a7b138cf6bf471"), "name" : "Mike", "age" : 32, "sex" : "male", "location" : "China" }

增加亲属关系：

> relatives={"Wife":"May","Father":"Joe","Mother":"Jojo"}
{ "Wife" : "May", "Father" : "Joe", "Mother" : "Jojo" }
> db.updatetest.update({"_id":ObjectId("5625ae7616a7b138cf6bf471")}, {"$set":{"relatives":relatives}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625ae7616a7b138cf6bf471"), "name" : "Mike", "age" : 32, "sex" : "male", "location" : "China", "relatives" : { "Wife" : "May", "Father" : "Joe", "Mother" : "Jojo" } }

利用update操作数组：
$push可以对已有的文档中的数组尾部加入一个元素，如果没有就直接创建一个新数组，如下：

people={    "title":"mail list",    "Phone":"010-123456"}
> db.updatetest.insert(people)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"},  {"$push":{"emails":"test@123.com"}})
db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"}, {"$push":{"emails":"test@123.com"}})
> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625ae7616a7b138cf6bf471"), "name" : "Mike", "age" : 32, "sex" : "male", "location" : "China", "relatives" : { "Wife" : "May", "Father" : "Joe", "Mother" : "Jojo" } }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b11216a7b138cf6bf472"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test@123.com", "test@123.com" ] }

$push是允许重复插入记录的。

$push还允许与slice,sort,each一起使用，如下：

db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"}, {"$push":{"emails":{$each:["test1@123.com","test2@124.com","test3@125.com"]}}})
> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b2ba16a7b138cf6bf473"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test@123.com", "test@123.com", "test1@123.com", "test2@124.com", "test3@125.com" ] }

与$slice一起使用：

> db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"},{$push:{"top10":{"$each":["KFC","mcdonalds","pizzahut"],"$slice":-3}}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })

没有top10这个键的时候会自动创建一个

> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test1@123.com", "test2@124.com", "test3@125.com" ], "top10" : [ "KFC", "mcdonalds", "pizzahut" ] }

现在top10这个数组刚刚好有3个元素，再次插入两个，则只保留最后三个

> db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"},{$push:{"top10":{"$each":["starbucks","illy"],"$slice":-3}}})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test1@123.com", "test2@124.com", "test3@125.com" ], "top10" : [ "pizzahut", "starbucks", "illy" ] }

对于$push是可以插入重复数据，如果邮件地址已经存在不想再重复插入，则可以使用$addToSet操作，如下：

> db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"},... {"$addToSet":{"emails":"test1@123.com"}... })
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 0 })> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test1@123.com", "test2@124.com", "test3@125.com" ], "top10" : [ "HP", "DELL", "MicroSoft" ] }> db.updatetest.update({"title":"mail list"}, {"$addToSet":{"emails":{$each:["test1@123.com","abc@321.com","new@newaddress.com","abc@321.com"]}} })
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test1@123.com", "test2@124.com", "test3@125.com", "abc@321.com", "new@newaddress.com" ], "top10" : [ "HP", "DELL", "MicroSoft" ] }

基于位置的数组修改：
由一个内嵌文档组成的数组，内容如下：
> db.updatetest.insert({
...
... "content":"Mongodb Update",
... "comments":[
... {
... "comment":"Good post",
... "author":"John",
... "votes":0
... },
... {
... "comment":"too short",
... "author":"mike",
... "votes":3
... },
... {
... "comment":"free watches",
... "author":"Alice",
... "votes":-1
... }
... ]
...
... })
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
可以通过$符号来作为定位符，修改comments里面的键，例如修改comments.comment.author 这个键想把Alice改为May操作如下：
> db.updatetest.update({"comments.author":"Alice"},{"$set":{"comments.$.author":"May"}})

WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.updatetest.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"), "title" : "mail list", "Phone" : "010-123456", "emails" : [ "test1@123.com", "test2@124.com", "test3@125.com", "abc@321.com", "new@newaddress.com" ], "top10" : [ "HP", "DELL", "MicroSoft" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5625bbef16a7b138cf6bf475"), "content" : "Mongodb Update", "comments" : [ { "comment" : "Good post", "author" : "John", "votes" : 0 }, { "comment" : "too short", "author" : "mike", "votes" : 3 }, { "comment" : "free watches", "author" : "May", "votes" : -1 } ] }

最后一个是findAndModify操作：
该操作可以返回更新前的文档
如下：
> dc=db.runCommand({"findAndModify":"updatetest",
... "query":{"title":"mail list"},
... "sort":{"_id":-1},
... "update":{"$set":{"company":"QQ"}}})
> dc.value
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"),
"title" : "mail list",
"Phone" : "010-123456",
"emails" : [
"test1@123.com",
"test2@124.com",
"test3@125.com",
"abc@321.com",
"new@newaddress.com"
],
"top10" : [
"HP",
"DELL",
"MicroSoft"
]
}

关于findAndModify操作在update位置的参数可以使用remove，表示匹配query则删除该文档。
还有new，表示返回更新前的文档还是更新后的文档，默认是更新前的。
fields 文档中需要返回的字段（可选）
upsert 布尔值，true表示是一个upsert，默认为false
或者可以这样操作：
> db.updatetest.findAndModify({query:{"title":"mail list"}, update:{$set:{"company":"BBC"}}, new:true, sort:{"_id":-1}, fields:{"emails":1}, upsert:true})

{
"_id" : ObjectId("5625b44d16a7b138cf6bf474"),
"emails" : [
"test1@123.com",
"test2@124.com",
"test3@125.com",
"abc@321.com",
"new@newaddress.com"
]
}
该条语句修改了company为bbc，然后返回字段是emails，new是表示返回更新后的数据.

本文出自 “技术博客” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://raytech.blog.51cto.com/7602157/1704541