Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：





    根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean
id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
--> 

    <bean
id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <!-- 配置DAO
-->

    <bean
id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <bean
id="userDao" 

        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"> 

           <!-- 配置事务管理器
--> 

           <property
name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    

        <property
name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" /> 

         <property
name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />

        <!-- 配置事务属性
--> 

        <property
name="transactionAttributes"> 

            <props> 

                <prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>

            </props> 

        </property> 

    </bean> 

</beans>
    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean
id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
--> 

    <bean
id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <bean
id="transactionBase" 

            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" 

            lazy-init="true" abstract="true"> 

        <!-- 配置事务管理器
--> 

        <property
name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 

        <!-- 配置事务属性
--> 

        <property
name="transactionAttributes"> 

            <props> 

                <prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 

            </props> 

        </property> 

    </bean>   

  

    <!-- 配置DAO
-->

    <bean
id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   

    <bean
id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" > 

        <property
name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />  

    </bean>
</beans>
第三种方式：使用拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">

    <bean
id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
--> 

    <bean
id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean> 

  

    <bean
id="transactionInterceptor" 

        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor"> 

        <property
name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" /> 

        <!-- 配置事务属性
--> 

        <property
name="transactionAttributes"> 

            <props> 

                <prop
key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 

            </props> 

        </property> 

    </bean>

     

    <bean
class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator"> 

        <property
name="beanNames"> 

            <list> 

                <value>*Dao</value>
            </list> 

        </property> 

        <property
name="interceptorNames"> 

            <list> 

                <value>transactionInterceptor</value> 

            </list> 

        </property> 

    </bean> 

 

    <!-- 配置DAO
-->

    <bean
id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>
</beans>
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config
/>

    <context:component-scan
base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <bean
id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
--> 

    <bean
id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

    <tx:advice
id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">

        <tx:attributes>

            <tx:method
name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />

        </tx:attributes>

    </tx:advice>

   

    <aop:config>

        <aop:pointcut
id="interceptorPointCuts"

            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />

        <aop:advisor
advice-ref="txAdvice"

            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />       

    </aop:config>     

</beans>
第五种方式：全注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config
/>

    <context:component-scan
base-package="com.bluesky" />

    <tx:annotation-driven
transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <bean
id="sessionFactory" 

            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> 

        <property
name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" /> 

        <property
name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />

    </bean> 

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）
--> 

    <bean
id="transactionManager"

        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

        <property
name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

    </bean>

   
</beans>
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional

@Component("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl
extends HibernateDaoSupport
implements UserDao {

    public List<User> listUsers() {

        return this.getSession().createQuery("from
User").list();

    }

   

   


}