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PowerShell 变量(Variable)

2015-09-30 13:13 627 查看
PowerShell 中变量的好处是可以将一些命令或结果存储到变量中,从而更方便对象的操作和维护。PowerShell 中可以不指定类型声明变量,系统会自动识别并定义。PowerShell 中变量的声明是以美元符号("$")开头的,且变量名不区分大小写。

当前版本:



声明和赋值:

$a = 1
$b = 2
$c = $d = 3
${a&a} = 10
$mydir = ls


查看变量:

$a
Get-Variable a
$a,$b,$c,$d,${a&a},$mydir



交换变量值:

$a,$b = $b,$a


重设变量:

$a = 100
Set-Variable -name b -value 99


声明只读变量:(参考
New-Variable)


New-Variable pi -Value 3.14 -Force -Option readonly
New-Variable zero -Value 0  -Force -Option constant


Option

Description

"None"

NOoption (default)

"ReadOnly"

Variablecontents may only be modified by means of the -force parameter

"Constant"

Variablecontents can't be modified at all. This option must already bespecified when the variable is created. Once specified thisoption cannot be changed.

"Private"

Thevariable is visible only in a particular context (localvariable).

"AllScope"

Thevariable is automatically copied in a new variable scope.

查看当前已声明的变量:

ls variable:



查看变量更多属性:

ls Variable:pi | Format-List *



删除变量值(不删除变量):

Clear-Variable a


删除变量:(一般不需删除,关闭当前会话自动清除)

del variable:a
del Variable:pi -Force
del Variable:zero -Force	#constant 不可删除
Remove-Variable c


系统变量、自动变量:

$HOME

Get-Help about_Automatic_variables



查看环境变量:

$env:USERNAME
ls env:USER*
ls env:



添加、更改、删除 当前环境变量(当前会话有效):

#添加环境变量(当前会话有效)
$env:TestVar="Test variable"

#添加路径
$env:TestVar = $env:TestVar + ";F:\KK\"

#删除环境变量
del env:TestVar



查看、添加用户或系统环境变量:

[Environment]::GetEnvironmentvariable("Path", "User")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable("Path", "F:\KK\", "User")

#查看/添加系统环境变量
[Environment]::GetEnvironmentvariable("Path", "Machine")
[Environment]::SetEnvironmentVariable( "Path", $env:Path + ";F:\KK\", [System.EnvironmentVariableTarget]::Machine )





变量作用域(全局、当前、私有、脚本):

$global

全局变量,在所有的作用域中有效,如果你在脚本或者函数中设置了全局变量,即使脚本和函数都运行结束,这个变量也任然有效。

$script

脚本变量,只会在脚本内部有效,包括脚本中的函数,一旦脚本运行结束,这个变量就会被回收。

$private

私有变量,只会在当前作用域有效,不能贯穿到其他作用域。

$local

默认变量,可以省略修饰符,在当前作用域有效,其它作用域只对它有只读权限。

全局变量和函数内部的变量:

function f(){ "var=$var";$var="function inner";$var }

$var = "12345"
$var
f
$var



查看变量类型:

$var = "12345"

$var.GetType()
$var.GetType().Name
$var.GetType().FullName

(10).gettype().name
(9999999999999999).gettype().name
(3.14).gettype().name
(3.14d).gettype().name
("WWW.MOSSFLY.COM").gettype().name
(Get-Date).gettype().name



变量类型转换:

[String]$var = '2014-2-14'

[Boolean]$var = 1

[datetime]'2014-2-14'


变量类型参考:

Variabletype

Description

Example

[array]

Anarray

[bool]

Yes-novalue

[boolean]$flag= $true

[byte]

Unsigned8-bit integer, 0...255

[byte]$value= 12

[char]

Individualunicode character

[char]$a= "t"

[datetime]

Dateand time indications

[datetime]$date= "12.Nov 2004 12:30"

[decimal]

Decimalnumber

[decimal]$a= 12

$a = 12d

[double]

Double-precisionfloating point decimal

$amount= 12.45

[guid]

Globallyunambiguous 32-byte identification number

[guid]$id= [System.Guid]::NewGuid()

$id.toString()

[hashtable]

Hashtable

[int16]

16-bitinteger with characters

[int16]$value= 1000

[int32],[int]

32-bitintegers with characters

[int32]$value= 5000

[int64],[long]

64-bitintegers with characters

[int64]$value= 4GB

[nullable]

Widensanother data type to include the ability to contain null values.

Itcan be used, among others, to implement optional parameters

[Nullable``1[[System.DateTime]]]$test= Get-Date

$test = $null

[psobject]

PowerShellobject

[regex]

Regularexpression

$text= "Hello World"

[regex]::split($text, "lo")

[sbyte]

8-bitintegers with characters

[sbyte]$value= -12

[scriptblock]

PowerShellscriptblock

[single],[float]

Single-precisionfloating point number

[single]$amount= 44.67

[string]

String

[string]$text= "Hello"

[switch]

PowerShellswitch parameter

[timespan]

Timeinterval

[timespan]$t= New-TimeSpan $(Get-Date) "1.Sep 07"

[type]

Type

[uint16]

Unsigned16-bit integer

[uint16]$value= 1000

[uint32]

Unsigned32-bit integer

[uint32]$value= 5000

[uint64]

Unsigned64-bit integer

[uint64]$value= 4GB

[xml]

XMLdocument

参考:powershell 在线教程 Chapter
3. Variables
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