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最简单的Struts2项目实例

2015-09-27 22:23 471 查看

前言

最近学习Struts的框架,就跟着视频,写了一个简单的Struts框架。

在Myeclipse中创建一个自己的Web项目:

创建Struts

1、引入Libraries



2、写界面

我们,将包引入完成之后,我们就开始写我们的界面。写一个引入界面:Index.jsp:

<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">

<title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>

<body>
<a href="login.jsp">登录</a>
</body>
</html>
</span>


写我们的登陆界面login.jsp:

<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" --%>
<%--     pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login.do" method="post">
用户:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password"></br>
<input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html></span>


登陆失败界面login_error.jsp:

<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" --%>
<%--     pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
<%=request.getAttribute("msg") %>
--%>
${msg }
</body>
</html></span>


登陆成功界面login_success.jsp:

<span style="font-size:18px;"><%-- <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030" --%>
<%--     pageEncoding="GB18030"%> --%>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=GB18030" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
${loginForm.username },登录成功
</body>
</html></span>


目录结构:



3、写Model

我们写ActionForm类这个相当于Model:

<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

/**
* 登录ActionForm,负责表单收集数据
* 表单的属性必须和ActionForm中的get和set的属性一致
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class LoginActionForm extends ActionForm {

private String username;

private String password;

public String getUsername() {
return username;
}

public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}

public String getPassword() {
return password;
}

public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}
</span>


4、写业务层

写我们的业务代码UserManager:

<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

public class UserManager {

public void login(String username, String password) {
if (!"admin".equals(username)) {
throw new UserNotFoundException();
}

if (!"admin".equals(password)) {
throw new PasswordErrorException();
}
}
}
</span>


简单写一下我们的登陆密码错误:PasswordErrorException:

<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

public class PasswordErrorException extends RuntimeException {

public PasswordErrorException() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public PasswordErrorException(String message) {
super(message);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public PasswordErrorException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public PasswordErrorException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

}
</span>


写用户名未找到错误:UserNotFoundException:

<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

public class PasswordErrorException extends RuntimeException {

public PasswordErrorException() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public PasswordErrorException(String message) {
super(message);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public PasswordErrorException(Throwable cause) {
super(cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

public PasswordErrorException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

}
</span>


5、写Action

重点来了,我们写Action:LoginAction

<span style="font-size:18px;">package com.bjpowernode.struts;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;

/**
* 登录Action
* 负责取得表单数据、调用业务逻辑、返回转向信息
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class LoginAction extends Action {

@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {

LoginActionForm laf = (LoginActionForm)form;
String username = laf.getUsername();
String password = laf.getPassword();

UserManager userManager = new UserManager();
try {
userManager.login(username, password);
return mapping.findForward("success");
}catch(UserNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("msg", "用户不能找到,用户名称=【" + username + "】");
}catch(PasswordErrorException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute("msg", "密码错误");
}
return mapping.findForward("error");
}

}
</span>


6、写配置文件

最重要的一步,就是在配置文件中配置我们Struts文件了:struts-config.xml:

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">

<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="loginForm" type="com.bjpowernode.struts.LoginActionForm"/>
</form-beans>

<action-mappings>
<action path="/login"
type="com.bjpowernode.struts.LoginAction"
name="loginForm"
scope="request"
>
<forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp" />
<forward name="error" path="/login_error.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
</struts-config>

</span>


总结:

在这里我们说一下我们最重要的配置文件中的标签:

form-beans:该标签用查找使用的ActionForm,ActionForm相当于Model,可以被其他bean或者过程作为数据载体,具有数据传输的作用。我们在界面上用到的:${loginForm.username},就是在使用了ActionForm。

action-mapping:该标签是用来存储关联界面的,我们看login.jsp中我们是这样写的:<form action="login.do" method="post">,这里的login.do,会去Struts.xml中进行配置,我们就可以根据type的值,去访LoginAction中的方法:execte。

action-forword:该标签用来转向界面的。<forward name="success" path="/login_success.jsp" />,而我们在LoginAction中使用的:return mapping.findForward("success");正好对应就可以了。

用一张图来表示我们这个框架:

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标签:  struts2.0 myeclipse