Spring MVC之hello world

1. 包含相应的库

使用Maven

<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>4.2.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

2. 配置web.xml

这里配置了一个名为DispatcherServlet的servlet，对应的class为org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet

<servlet>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

配置servlet处理的url类型为：/，即所有url。

<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

3. 配置Spring

在WEB-INF目录下新建spring配置文件：DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml。这里的文件名必须和web.xml中的<servlet-name>相对应。

<servlet-name>ABC</servlet-name>

例如：如果这里配置的名称为ABC，则配置文件名为：ABC-servlet.xml

DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:ehcache="http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring"
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring http://ehcache-spring-annotations.googlecode.com/svn/schema/ehcache-spring/ehcache-spring-1.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true">

<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

<!-- 使用注解 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 自动扫描以下包的类，并注册为bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.project.package" />

<!-- 将以下作为静态资源处理，不用经过控制器了, **表明任意子路径 -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/" />
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" />

<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"><value>org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView</value></property>
<!-- 配置视图的前缀和后缀，这样在代码里就可以简写了 -->
<!-- 例如：代码里返回视图："home"，则spring会解析为/WEB-INF/jsp/home.jsp文件 -->
<property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value></property>
<property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>
</bean>

</beans>

4. 测试

4.1 编写控制器

// @Controller 表明这是一个控制器类

@Controller
public class HomeController {

// 将home方法映射到 "/" 和 "/home" 两个路径
@RequestMapping( {"/", "/home"} )
public String home（) {
return "home";
}
}

4.2 视图文件

home方法返回了一个视图：“home”，根据以下spring配置规则

<property name="prefix"><value>/WEB-INF/jsp/</value></property>
<property name="suffix"><value>.jsp</value></property>

spring会将视图解析为/WEB-INF/jsp/home.jsp，因此，新建文件home.jsp

<html>
<head></head>
<body>
<h1>hello world !</h1>
</body>
</html>

4.3 查看效果

发布网站（Eclipse，run on server）， http://my_site/