10g Manual Database Creation in Oracle (Single Instance and RAC) (文档 ID 240052.1)

PURPOSE
-------

The purpose of this bulletin is to give an example of a manual database creation in 10g.

MANDATORY
==========
FROM 10g RELEASE WE HAVE SYSAUX TABLESPACE MANDATORY FOR STATISTICS WORKLOAD REPOSITORY FACILITIES (SWRF)

GOOD PRACTICE
=============
CREATE DEFAULT TABLESPACE, WHILE CREATING THE DATABASE. So whenever DBA will create a new user it will,
use the default permanent tablespace, unless DBA is mentioning the DEFAULT TABLESPACE clause while creating the user.
To use default tablespace option, it is mandatory to use the init.ora parameter
"Compatible must be >=10.0"

SCOPE & APPLICATION
-------------------
Oracle recommends using the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) to create your database.
These steps are available for DBAs who want to manually create a
10g database either in single instance or Real Application Clusters mode.

Tips to create a database in 10g Single Instance or Real Application Clusters.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Manual Database Creation steps for Single-Instance.
=====================================================

Here are the steps to be followed:

1.	Make a init<SID>.ora in your $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory.  On Windows this
file is in $ORACLE_HOME\database.  To simplify, you can copy init.ora to
init<SID>.ora and modify the file.
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified
Example parameter settings :

db_block_size=8192
db_cache_size=52428800
background_dump_dest=/u01/32bit/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/rdbms/log
core_dump_dest=/u01/32bit/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/rdbms/log
user_dump_dest=/u01/32bit/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/rdbms/log
timed_statistics=TRUE
control_files=("/u01/rbdb1/control_01.ctl", "/u01/rbdb1/control_02.ctl")
db_name=rbdb1
shared_pool_size=524288000
sort_area_size=524288
undo_management=AUTO
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS

* The local_listener parameter requires that you first add the listener
address to the TNSNAMES.ORA - remember to do so on both Node 1 and Node 2.

** You can also use an spfile as described in Note 162491.1.

2.	Run the following sqlplus command to connect to the database:

sqlplus '/ as sysdba'

3. 	Startup up the database in NOMOUNT mode:

SQL> startup nomount

4. 	Create the Database :
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified

CREATE DATABASE <db_name>
MAXLOGFILES 255
MAXINSTANCES 1
MAXDATAFILES 256
MAXLOGHISTORY 256
DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/system_01.dbf' SIZE 900M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL segment space management auto
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS" DATAFILE ‘/u01/oracle/rbdb1/undotbs_01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL segment space management auto
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USER_DEFAULT DATAFILE
'/u01/oracle/rbdb1/user_default_1.dbf' size 2000m REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/sysaux_1.dbf' size
500M REUSE segment space management auto
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/oracle/rbdb1/redo1_01.dbf') SIZE 100M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/oracle/rbdb1/redo1_02.dbf') SIZE 100M REUSE;

5.	Create a Temporary Tablespace :
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP" TEMPFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/temp_01.dbf'
SIZE 40M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT  640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;
ALTER DATABASE DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP";

6.	Run the scripts necessary to build views, synonyms, etc. :

The primary scripts that you must run are:

i>   CATALOG.SQL-- creates the views of data dictionary tables and the
dynamic performance views.
ii>  CATPROC.SQL-- establishes the usage of PL/SQL functionality and
creates many of the PL/SQL Oracle supplied packages.

==============================================================
Manual Database Creation steps for Real Application Clusters
==============================================================

Here are the steps to be followed to create a Real Application Clusters database:

1.	Make a init<SID>.ora in your $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory.  On Windows this
file is in $ORACLE_HOME\database.  To simplify, you can copy init.ora to
init<SID>.ora and modify the file.  Remember that your control file must
be pointing to a pre-existing raw device or cluster file system location.
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified
Example parameter settings for the first instance:

Cluster-Wide Parameters for Database "RAC":

db_block_size=8192
db_cache_size=52428800
background_dump_dest=/u01/32bit/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/rdbms/log
core_dump_dest=/u01/32bit/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/rdbms/log
user_dump_dest=/u01/32bit/app/oracle/product/9.0.1/rdbms/log
timed_statistics=TRUE
control_files=("/dev/RAC/control_01.ctl", "/dev/RAC/control_02.ctl")
db_name=RAC
shared_pool_size=524288000
sort_area_size=524288
undo_management=AUTO
#cluster_database=true  /* Uncomment the parameter, when database created */
cluster_database_instances=2
remote_listener=LISTENERS_RAC

Instance Specific Parameters for Instance "RAC1":

instance_name=RAC1
instance_number=1
local_listener=LISTENER_RAC1
thread=1
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS

* The local_listener parameter requires that you first add the listener
address to the TNSNAMES.ORA - remember to do so on both Node 1 and Node 2.

** You can also use an spfile as described in Note 136327.1.

2.	Run the following sqlplus command to connect to the database:

sqlplus '/ as sysdba'

3. 	Startup up the database in NOMOUNT mode:

SQL> startup nomount

4. 	Create the Database (All raw devices must be pre-created) :
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified

CREATE DATABASE <db_name>
CONTROLFILE REUSE
MAXDATAFILES 254
MAXINSTANCES 32
MAXLOGHISTORY 100
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGFILES 64
DATAFILE '/dev/RAC/system_01_400.dbf' SIZE 900M
REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL segment space management auto
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS" DATAFILE
'/dev/RAC/undotbs_01_210.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL segment space management auto
DEFAULT TABLESPACE USER_DEFAULT DATAFILE
'/u01/oracle/rbdb1/user_default_1.dbf' size 2000M REUSE
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oracle/rbdb1/sysaux_1.dbf' size
500M REUSE EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL segment space management auto
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/dev/RAC/redo1_01_100.dbf') SIZE 100M REUSE,
GROUP 2 ('/dev/RAC/redo1_02_100.dbf') SIZE 100M REUSE;

5.	Create a Temporary Tablespace:
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP" TEMPFILE
'/dev/RAC/temp_01_50.dbf' SIZE 40M REUSE

6. 	Create a 2nd Undo Tablespace:
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2" DATAFILE
'/dev/RAC/undotbs_02_210.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE
NEXT  5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

7.	Run the necessary scripts to build views, synonyms, etc.:

The primary scripts that you must run are:
i>   CATALOG.SQL--creates the views of data dictionary tables and the
dynamic performance views
ii>  CATPROC.SQL--establishes the usage of PL/SQL functionality and
creates many of the PL/SQL Oracle supplied packages
iii> CATCLUST.SQL--creates RAC specific views

8.     	Edit init<SID>.ora and set appropriate values for the 2nd instance on the
2nd Node:
*** Names may need to be modified

instance_name=RAC2
instance_number=2
local_listener=LISTENER_RAC2
thread=2
undo_tablespace=UNDOTBS2

9.     From the first instance, run the following command:
*** Path names, file names, and sizes will need to be modified

alter database
add logfile thread 2
group 3 ('/dev/RAC/redo2_01_100.dbf') size 100M,
group 4 ('/dev/RAC/redo2_02_100.dbf') size 10
efcc
0M;
alter database enable public thread 2;