mongodb常用操作命令

在MongoDB 中，一个数据库可能会包含多个集合，就像MySql中一个数据库可能包含多个表；一个集合中可能又会包含多个文档，就像MySql中一个表中包含多条数据。

基本操作命令：
show dbs  查看所有数据库列表
use <dbname> 连接指定的数据库
db  查看当前使用的数据库
> use testdb                      # 创建testdb数据库
switched to db testdb
> show dbs
admin       0.078GB
ceilometer  1.953GB
local       6.075GB
列出的数据库中没有testdb或者显示testdb(empty),是因为testdb里面没有任何东西。

> use testdb                     # 删除testdb数据库
switched to db testdb
> db.dropDatabase()
{ "dropped" : "testdb", "ok" : 1 }

> use testdb                             # 创建集合
switched to db testdb
> db.createCollection('users')
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show collections
system.indexes
users

> show collections            # 删除集合
system.indexes
users
> db.users.drop()
true
> show collections
system.indexes

> db.createCollection('users')   # 往集合中插入数据，如果集合没有会自动创建
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show collections
system.indexes
users
> db.users.insert([
... { name : 'yao',
... email : 'yao@qq.com'
... },
... { name: 'shen',
... email : 'shen@qq.com'
... }
... ])
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 2,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})

> db.users.save([                         #  save也能实现上述insert的功能
... { name : 'test',
... email : 'test@qq.com'
... }
... ])
BulkWriteResult({
"writeErrors" : [ ],
"writeConcernErrors" : [ ],
"nInserted" : 1,
"nUpserted" : 0,
"nMatched" : 0,
"nModified" : 0,
"nRemoved" : 0,
"upserted" : [ ]
})

> user1=({'name': 'yao2','email': 'yao2@qq.com'})     # 插入文档，当然也可以把文档内容直接作为函数参数来替代document
{ "name" : "yao2", "email" : "yao2@qq.com" }
> db.users.insert(user1)
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })

> db.users.update({"name":'yao2'},{$set:{'email':'yaotest@qq.com'}})   # 更新文档，需要引入关键字$set
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.users.find({'name':'yao2'}).pretty()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e262dc957ba26c00b19e42"),
"name" : "yao2",
"email" : "yaotest@qq.com"
}

> db.users.save({"_id":ObjectId("55e2673b957ba26c00b19e45"),"name":'yao2','email':'yaotest2@qq.com'})  # 替换存在的文档，但是update更好用点。

> db.users.remove({'name':'yao2'})          # 删除文档
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 4 })
> db.users.find({'name':'yao2'}).pretty()

数据查询命令：
> db.users.find()               # find不加任何参数返回所有数据记录
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"), "name" : "test", "email" : "test@qq.com" }

> db.users.find().pretty()     # pretty查询输出结果更美观显示
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),
"name" : "yao",
"email" : "yao@qq.com"
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"),
"name" : "shen",
"email" : "shen@qq.com"
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"),
"name" : "test",
"email" : "test@qq.com"
}

> db.users.find({'name':'yao','email':'yao@qq.com'}).pretty()  # find中传入多个键值对，mongodb针对多个键值对会当做and处理
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),
"name" : "yao",
"email" : "yao@qq.com"
}

> db.users.find({$or: [{'name':'yao'}, {'email':'test@qq.com'}]}).pretty()  # or查询语句需要$or关键字
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),
"name" : "yao",
"email" : "yao@qq.com"
}
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"),
"name" : "test",
"email" : "test@qq.com"
}

> db.users.find({'name': 'yao', $or: [{'name':'yao'}, {'email':'test@qq.com'}]}).pretty() # and、or一起用
{
"_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"),
"name" : "yao",
"email" : "yao@qq.com"
}

带> >= < <=的条件查询，关键字$gt $lt $gte $lte(顾名思义)
> db.users.find({'name':{$gt:'yao2'}})
> db.users.insert({'id':1,'name':'t1','email':'t1@qq.com'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.users.insert({'id':2,'name':'t2','email':'t2@qq.com'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.users.insert({'id':3,'name':'t3','email':'t3@qq.com'})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.users.find({'id':{$gt:1}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }
> db.users.find({'id':{$gte:1}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }
> db.users.find({'id':{$lte:2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }
> db.users.find({'id':{$lt:2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }
> db.users.find({'id':{$gt:1,$lt:3}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }

匹配type的条件查询
type值有：
双精度型(1)
字符串(2)
对象(3)
数组(4)
二进制数据(5)
对象ID(7)
布尔类型(8)
数据(9)
空(10)
正则表达式(11)
JS代码(13)
符号(14)
有作用域的JS代码(15)
32位整型数（16)
时间戳（17)
64位整型数（18)
Min key(255)
Max key(127)

> db.users.find({'name':{$type:2}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"), "name" : "test", "email" : "test@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }

limit与skip的使用，limit-读取指定数量的记录，skip-读取的时候跳过指定数量的记录
> db.users.find().limit(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" }
> db.users.find().limit(1).skip(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" }
> db.users.find().limit(1).skip(3)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902e9"), "name" : "yao", "email" : "yao@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1cf2326f975bfd9b902ea"), "name" : "shen", "email" : "shen@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e1d32b26f975bfd9b902ec"), "name" : "test", "email" : "test@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }

sort排序，1表示升序，-1表示降序
> db.users.find().sort({'id':-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c2f957ba26c00b19e48"), "id" : 3, "name" : "t3", "email" : "t3@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c24957ba26c00b19e47"), "id" : 2, "name" : "t2", "email" : "t2@qq.com" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55e26c0a957ba26c00b19e46"), "id" : 1, "name" : "t1", "email" : "t1@qq.com" }

本文出自 “the-way-to-cloud” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://iceyao.blog.51cto.com/9426658/1689662