Java操作Excel的四种方法

读取excel文件的常用开源免费方法有以下几种：

JDBC-ODBC Excel Driver

jxl.jar

jcom.jar
poi.jar

下面分别对这几种方法分别进行探讨

1、 JDBC-ODBC Excel Driver

这种方法是将excel看成是数据库进行操作，使用SQL Select语句即可查询excel表格。优点是：不需要第三方的jar包。

如下表样

首先在控制面板进行数据源ODBC登记

具体方法如下：

下面就是代码了。

package xuzhe;

import java.io.*;

import java.sql.*;

//java xuzhe.ExcelJDBC

public class ExcelJDBC {

public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException{

Connection con = null;

try{

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

con = DriverManager.getConnection( "jdbc:odbc:ExcelJDBC" );

Statement st = con.createStatement();

ResultSet rs = st.executeQuery( "Select * from [Sheet1$]" );

ResultSetMetaData rsmd = rs.getMetaData();

int numberOfColumns = rsmd.getColumnCount();

System.out.println ("表格列数"+numberOfColumns );

System.out.println( rsmd.getColumnName(1)+ "," + rsmd.getColumnName(2) + "," + rsmd.getColumnName(3));

while (rs.next()) {

for (int i = 1; i <= numberOfColumns; i++) {

if (i > 1) System.out.print(", ");

String columnValue = rs.getString(i);

System.out.print(columnValue);

}

System.out.println("");

}

rs.close();

st.close();

}

catch(Exception ex) {

System.err.print("Exception: ");

System.err.println(ex.getMessage());

}

finally {

con.close();

}

}

}

执行结果如下：

2、 jxl.jar

jxl.jar为开源代码，任何运行java虚拟机的操作系统都能使用这个jar包操作excel表格。优点是：不依赖其他任何第三方的库。下载地址：http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/pub/mirrors/maven2/net/sourceforge/jexcelapi/jxl 下载最新版本

jxl-*-sources.jar 添加之后可以看到源码

jxl-*.jar jar包

jxl-*-javadoc.jar html版本的sources解释

程序如下：

package xuzhe;

import java.io.File;

import jxl.Sheet;

import jxl.Workbook;

//java -classpath .;E:\eclipse3.6.2\workspace\CrazyJava\lib\jxl.jar xuzhe.ExcelJXL

public class ExcelJXL

{

static String sourceFile = "c:\\name.xls"; // 源文件

public static void main(String[] args)

{

try

{

Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File(sourceFile));

//0代表第一个工作表对象

Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);

int rows = sheet.getRows();

int cols = sheet.getColumns();

String colname1 = sheet.getCell(0, 0).getContents().trim();

String colname2 = sheet.getCell(1, 0).getContents().trim();

String colname3 = sheet.getCell(2, 0).getContents().trim();

System.out.println(colname1+","+colname2+","+colname3);

for (int z = 1; z < rows; z++)

{

//0代表列数，z代表行数

String name = sheet.getCell(0, z).getContents();

String sex = sheet.getCell(1, z).getContents();

String ID = sheet.getCell(2, z).getContents();

System.out.println(name+","+sex+","+ID);

}

}

catch(Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

执行结果如下：

3、 jcom.jar

jcom.jar是日本人开发的，也是一个开源项目，下载地址：http://sourceforge.net/projects/jcom/files/latest/download

将jcom.jar拷贝到classlib目录下，将jcom.dll放到你的JAVA_HOME/bin目录下，否则会出现下面错误。

程序如下：

package xuzhe;

import jp.ne.so_net.ga2.no_ji.jcom.excel8.*;

import jp.ne.so_net.ga2.no_ji.jcom.*;

import java.io.File;

import java.util.Date;

public class ExcelJCOM {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

JCOMReadExcel();

JCOMCreateExcel();

}

static void JCOMReadExcel()

{

ReleaseManager rm = new ReleaseManager();

try

{

System.out.println("EXCEL startup...");

// if already started, open new window

ExcelApplication excel = new ExcelApplication(rm);

excel.Visible(true);

String Filename = "c:\\name.xls";

ExcelWorkbooks xlBooks = excel.Workbooks();

ExcelWorkbook xlBook = xlBooks.Open(Filename);

ExcelWorksheets xlSheets = xlBook.Worksheets();

//第一个工作表

ExcelWorksheet xlSheet = xlSheets.Item(1);

ExcelRange xlRange = xlSheet.Cells();

int i;

int j;

for(j=1;j<=4;j++)

{

for(i=1;i<=3;i++)

{

System.out.print(xlRange.Item(j,i).Value());

if(i<3)

{

System.out.print(",");

}

}

System.out.println("");

}

}

catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

finally { rm.release(); }

}

static void JCOMCreateExcel()

{

ReleaseManager rm = new ReleaseManager();

try {

System.out.println("EXCEL startup...");

// if already started, open new window

ExcelApplication excel = new ExcelApplication(rm);

excel.Visible(true);

// display any information

System.out.println("Version="+excel.Version());

System.out.println("UserName="+excel.UserName());

System.out.println("Caption="+excel.Caption());

System.out.println("Value="+excel.Value());

ExcelWorkbooks xlBooks = excel.Workbooks();

ExcelWorkbook xlBook = xlBooks.Add(); // create new book

// enumurate all files

System.out.println

("set infomation of files in current directory to cell ...");

ExcelWorksheets xlSheets = xlBook.Worksheets();

ExcelWorksheet xlSheet = xlSheets.Item(1);

ExcelRange xlRange = xlSheet.Cells();

xlRange.Item(1,1).Value("filename" );

xlRange.Item(2,1).Value("size" );

xlRange.Item(3,1).Value("last modified time");

xlRange.Item(4,1).Value("is directory");

xlRange.Item(5,1).Value("is file");

xlRange.Item(6,1).Value("can read");

xlRange.Item(7,1).Value("can write");

File path = new File("./");

String[] filenames = path.list();

for(int i=0; i<filenames.length; i++) {

File file = new File(filenames[i]);

System.out.println(file);

xlRange.Item(1,i+2).Value( file.getName() );

xlRange.Item(2,i+2).Value( (int)file.length() );

xlRange.Item(3,i+2).Value( new Date(file.lastModified()) );

xlRange.Item(4,i+2).Value( file.isDirectory()?"Yes":"No" );

xlRange.Item(5,i+2).Value( file.isFile()?"Yes":"No" );

xlRange.Item(6,i+2).Value( file.canRead()?"Yes":"No" );

xlRange.Item(7,i+2).Value( file.canWrite()?"Yes":"No" );

}

char start = 'B';

char end = (char)((byte)start + filenames.length - 1);

System.out.println("end=[" + end + "]");

String expression = "=Sum(B2:" + String.valueOf(end) + "2)";

System.out.println("expression=[" + expression + "]");

System.out.println

("embed equation, calculate sum of filesize: "+expression);

xlRange.Item(1,filenames.length+2).Value("sum");

xlRange.Item(2,filenames.length+2).Formula(expression);

xlRange.Columns().AutoFit(); // fit columns

// comment out, if print out.

// output default printer.

// System.out.println("print out...");

// xlSheet.PrintOut();

// comment out, if book save to file.

// if no path, save to(My Documents)

// System.out.println

// ("save to file... (My Documents)\\testExcel.xls");

xlBook.SaveAs("testExcel.xls");

xlBook.Close(false,null,false);

excel.Quit();

System.out.println("thank you .");

}

catch(Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }

finally { rm.release(); }

}

}

执行结果如下：

4、 poi.jar

poi.jar是apache旗下的一个开源项目，下载地址：
http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi/poi/release/bin/poi-bin-3.8-20120326.zip
程序如下：

package xuzhe;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;

//

public class ExcelPOI {

/**

* @param args

* @throws IOException

* java xuzhe.ExcelPOI

*/

@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

// TODO Auto-generated method stub

ExcelPOI.POICreateExcel();

ExcelPOI.POIReadExcel();

}

public static void POICreateExcel() throws IOException

{

HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("new sheet");

//0行

HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short)0);

//1列

row.createCell((short)1).setCellValue("HelloWorld");

FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream("c:\\workbook.xls");

wb.write(fileOut);

fileOut.close();

}

private static HSSFWorkbook readFile(String filename) throws IOException {

return new HSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(filename));

}

public static void POIReadExcel() throws IOException

{

String fileName = "c:\\name.xls";

HSSFWorkbook wb = ExcelPOI.readFile(fileName);

System.out.println("Data dump:\n");

for (int k = 0; k < wb.getNumberOfSheets(); k++)

{

HSSFSheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(k);

int rows = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();

System.out.println("Sheet " + k + " \"" + wb.getSheetName(k) + "\" has " + rows

+ " row(s).");

for (int r = 0; r < rows; r++)

{

HSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(r);

if (row == null) {

continue;

}

int cells = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();

System.out.println("\nROW " + row.getRowNum() + " has " + cells

+ " cell(s).");

for (int c = 0; c < cells; c++)

{

HSSFCell cell = row.getCell(c);

String value = null;

switch (cell.getCellType())

{

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:

value = "FORMULA value=" + cell.getCellFormula();

break;

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:

value = "NUMERIC value=" + cell.getNumericCellValue();

break;

case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:

value = "STRING value=" + cell.getStringCellValue();

break;

default:

}

System.out.println("CELL col=" + cell.getColumnIndex() + " VALUE="

+ value);

}

}

}

}

}

执行结果如下：

web中使用POI导入导出EXCEL文件的例子

struts1.x的例子，struts2.x可以参考自己修改

1.action的写法

import java.io.*;

import java.sql.*;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;

import org.apache.struts.action.*;

import org.apache.struts.upload.FormFile;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

public class Action {

/**//*

* 把数据库中的字段导入到Excel ，并生成Excel文档

**/

public ActionForward getDownload(ActionMapping actionMapping,

ActionForm actionForm, HttpServletRequest request,

HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

Form fm = (Form) actionForm;

// Excel 文件存放在服务器的相对路径下

String outputFile = request.getRealPath("/tmp/Excel.xls");

try {

// 创建新的Excel 工作簿

HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();

// 在Excel 工作簿中建一工作表

HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet1");

// 设置单元格格式(文本)

HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();

cellStyle.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("@"));

// 在索引0的位置创建行（第一行）

HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow((short) 0);

HSSFCell cell1 = row.createCell((short) 0);// 第一列

HSSFCell cell2 = row.createCell((short) 1);

HSSFCell cell3 = row.createCell((short) 2);

// 定义单元格为字符串类型

cell1.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);

cell2.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);

cell3.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);

cell1.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);

cell2.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);

cell3.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);

// 在单元格中输入数据

cell1.setCellValue("姓名");

cell2.setCellValue("性别");

cell3.setCellValue("年龄");

Connection connection = session.connection();

String sql = "Select t.name, t.sex, t.age from table t where t.sex = ?";

try {

PreparedStatement ps = connection.prepareStatement(sql);

ps.setString(1, fm.getSex());// 传入查询条件

ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();// 查询结果存入rs

connection.commit();// 执行SQL

while (rs.next()) {

//设置j行从第二行开始

int j = 1;

row = sheet.createRow((short) j);

//设置i列从第二列开始

for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {

HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) (i-1));

// 设置单元格格式

cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);

cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);

cell.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);

cell.setCellValue(rs.getString(i));

}

j++;

}

request.setAttribute("message", "文件生成成功！");

} catch (SQLException e) {

request.setAttribute("message", "创建文件失败！");

e.printStackTrace();

}

// 删除路径下同名的Excel 文件

File path = new File(outputFile);

path.delete();

// 新建一输出文件流

FileOutputStream fOut = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);

// 把相应的Excel 工作簿存盘

workbook.write(fOut);

// 操作结束，关闭文件

fOut.flush();

fOut.close();

//该处如果Excel过大会影响效率，谁有好的想法可以提出来参考（不过从页面下载完后就会清空）

request.getSession().setAttribute("Download", outputFile);

} catch (Exception ioexception) {

request.setAttribute("message", "创建文件失败！");

return actionMapping.findForward("outJSP");

}

return actionMapping.findForward("outJSP");

}

/**//*

* 从Excel文件中读取数据，并导入到数据库中

**/

public ActionForward getUpload(ActionMapping actionMapping,

ActionForm actionForm, HttpServletRequest request,

HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

// 获取excel 文件

Form fm = (Form) actionForm;

FormFile formfile = fm.getUploadfile();

InputStream inputstream = formfile.getInputStream();

fm.clear();// 清空

Session session = HibernateSession.currentSession();

ArrayList list = new ArrayList();

int input = 0; //导入记数

String name = null;

String sex = null;

String age = null;

try {

//通过得到的文件输入流inputstream创建一个HSSFWordbook对象

HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(inputstream);

HSSFSheet hssfsheet = hssfworkbook.getSheetAt(0);//第一个工作表

HSSFRow hssfrow = hssfsheet.getRow(0);//第一行

//遍历该表格中所有的工作表，i表示工作表的数量 getNumberOfSheets表示工作表的总数

for (int i = 0; i < hssfworkbook.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {

hssfsheet = hssfworkbook.getSheetAt(i);

//遍历该行所有的行,j表示行数 getPhysicalNumberOfRows行的总数

for (int j = 1; j < hssfsheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows(); j++) {

hssfrow = hssfsheet.getRow(j);

//判断是否还存在需要导入的数据

if (hssfrow == null) {

System.out.println("这里已没有数据，在第"+i+"列,第"+j+"行");

break;

}

/** *//**将EXCEL中的第 j 行，第一列的值插入到实例中*/

if (hssfrow.getCell((short) 0) == null) {

name = "";

} else if (hssfrow.getCell((short) 0).getCellType() == 0) {

name = new Double(hssfrow.getCell((short) 0).getNumericCellValue()).toString();

}

//如果EXCEL表格中的数据类型为字符串型

else {

name = hssfrow.getCell((short) 0).getStringCellValue().trim();

}

/** *//**将EXCEL中的第 j 行，第二列的值插入到实例中*/

//姓名

if(hssfrow.getCell((short) 1) == null){

sex = "";

} else if(hssfrow.getCell((short) 1).getCellType() == 0) {

sex = new Double(hssfrow.getCell((short) 1).getNumericCellValue()).toString();

}

//如果EXCEL表格中的数据类型为字符串型

else {

sex = hssfrow.getCell((short) 1).getStringCellValue().trim();

}

/** *//**将EXCEL中的第 j 行，第三列的值插入到实例中*/

//姓名

if(hssfrow.getCell((short) 1) == null){

age = "";

} else if(hssfrow.getCell((short) 1).getCellType() == 0) {

age = new Double(hssfrow.getCell((short) 1).getNumericCellValue()).toString();

}

//如果EXCEL表格中的数据类型为字符串型

else {

age = hssfrow.getCell((short) 1).getStringCellValue().trim();

}

name = name.trim();

sex = sex.toUpperCase();

if (name.equals("")) {

error.setName(name);

error.setMessage("姓名不能为空");

list.add(error);

continue;

} else {

fm.setName(name);

fm.setSex(sex);

fm.setAge(age);

session.save(fm);

}

//导入成功加1

input++;

}

}

session.saveObjs(list.toArray());

} catch () {

}

}

}

2.Form的写法

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;

import org.apache.struts.upload.FormFile;

public class Form extends ActionForm {

// 上传的文件

private FormFile _flddo;

public void setUploadfile(FormFile formfile) {

_flddo = formfile;

}

public FormFile getUploadfile() {

return _flddo;

}

public void clear() {

_flddo = null;

}

}

3.上传页面Upload.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" language="java"%>

<%@ taglib uri="http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/tags-html" prefix="html"%>

<html>

<html:form action="/Action.do?method=getUpload" method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">

<html:file property="uploadfile" size="80%" />

<input type="button" value="导 入" onclick="upload(this.form)" class="buttonGray">

</html:form>

</html>

<script language="javascript">

function upload(obj)

{

if(confirm("您现在选择的是XXX,您确定要导入吗？"))

{

var uploadfile = document.all.uploadfile.value;

if((null == uploadfile) ||( "" == uploadfile))

{

alert("上传文件没有指定！");

return false;

}

obj.action = '<html:rewrite page="/Action.do?method=getUpload"/>';

obj.submit();

}

}

</script>

4.下载页面Download.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK"%>

<%@ taglib uri="http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/tags-html" prefix="html" %>

<%@ taglib uri="http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/tags-bean" prefix="bean" %>

<%

//获取下载文件

String download = (String) request.getSession().getAttribute("Download");

//清空文件

request.getSession().removeAttribute("Download");

%>

<html>

下传文件 <a href="<%=download %>" name="下载">下载</a>

</html>