PostgreSQL之网络地址类型

摘要: PostgreSQL之网络地址类型

官方文档：http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/interactive/datatype-net-types.html

一、cidr

postgres=# create table test (id int, name text);
CREATE TABLE
postgres=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column |  Type   | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
id     | integer |
name   | text    |

postgres=# alter table test add column ip cidr;
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column |  Type   | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
id     | integer |
name   | text    |
ip     | cidr    |

postgres=# insert into test values (1, 'a', '192.168.1.100');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
(1 row)
postgres=# insert into test values (2, 'b', '192.168.0.0/16');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
2 | b    | 192.168.0.0/16
(2 rows)
postgres=# insert into test values (3, 'c', '192.168.1.0/24');
INSERT 0 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
2 | b    | 192.168.0.0/16
3 | c    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

查询使用

postgres=# select * from test where ip = '192.168.1.100';
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
(1 row)
postgres=#  select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.0/24';
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
3 | c    | 192.168.1.0/24
(2 rows)

postgres=#  select * from test where ip >= '192.168.0.0/16';
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
2 | b    | 192.168.0.0/16
3 | c    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.1.101/32' where id = 2;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.1.102/32' where id = 3;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
2 | b    | 192.168.1.101/32
3 | c    | 192.168.1.102/32
(3 rows)
postgres=# select * from test where  ip between '192.168.1.100' and '192.168.1.101';
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
2 | b    | 192.168.1.101/32
(2 rows)

postgres=# select * from test where  ip between '192.168.1.100' and '192.168.1.102';
id | name |        ip
----+------+------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100/32
2 | b    | 192.168.1.101/32
3 | c    | 192.168.1.102/32
(3 rows)

二、inet

将cidr修改为inet

postgres=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column |  Type   | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
id     | integer |
name   | text    |
ip     | cidr    |
postgres=# alter table test alter column ip type inet;
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column |  Type   | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
id     | integer |
name   | text    |
ip     | inet    |

postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |      ip
----+------+---------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
2 | b    | 192.168.1.101
3 | c    | 192.168.1.102
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.0.0/16' where id = 3;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |       ip
----+------+----------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
2 | b    | 192.168.1.101
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set ip = '192.168.1.0/24' where id = 2;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |       ip
----+------+----------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

可见，inet默认32位掩码的ip是不带'/32'的

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.100';
id | name |      ip
----+------+---------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.1';
id | name |      ip
----+------+---------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.101';
id | name | ip
----+------+----
(0 rows)
postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.0/32';
id | name |      ip
----+------+---------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
(1 row)
postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.1.0/16';
id | name |       ip
----+------+----------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24
(2 rows)

postgres=# select * from test where ip >= '192.168.0.0/16';
id | name |       ip
----+------+----------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24
(3 rows)

使用跟cidr差不多

三、macaddr

postgres=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column |  Type   | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
id     | integer |
name   | text    |
ip     | inet    |

postgres=# alter table test add column mac macaddr;
ALTER TABLE
postgres=# \d test
Table "public.test"
Column |  Type   | Modifiers
--------+---------+-----------
id     | integer |
name   | text    |
ip     | inet    |
mac    | macaddr |

postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |       ip       | mac
----+------+----------------+-----
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100  |
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 |
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 |
(3 rows)

postgres=# update test set mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:03' where id = 1;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |       ip       |        mac
----+------+----------------+-------------------
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 |
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 |
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100  | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
(3 rows)
postgres=# update test set mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:04' where id = 2;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# update test set mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:05' where id = 3;
UPDATE 1
postgres=# select * from test ;
id | name |       ip       |        mac
----+------+----------------+-------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100  | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 | 08:00:2b:01:02:04
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 | 08:00:2b:01:02:05
(3 rows)

查询使用

postgres=# select * from test where mac = '08:00:2b:01:02:03';
id | name |      ip       |        mac
----+------+---------------+-------------------
1 | a    | 192.168.1.100 | 08:00:2b:01:02:03
(1 row)

postgres=# select * from test where mac > '08:00:2b:01:02:03';
id | name |       ip       |        mac
----+------+----------------+-------------------
2 | b    | 192.168.1.0/24 | 08:00:2b:01:02:04
3 | c    | 192.168.0.0/16 | 08:00:2b:01:02:05
(2 rows)

PostgreSQL默认还不支持iprange，需要安装ip4r的扩展，详见：http://pgfoundry.org/projects/ip4r/