部署nginx前端优化模块ngx_pagespeed

ngx_pagespeed 是 Nginx 的一个扩展模块，主要的功能是针对前端页面而进行服务器端的优化，对前端设计人员来说，可以省去优化css、js以及图片的过程。ngx_pagespeed对nginx自身负载能力的提升基本是看不到的，甚至会因为进行服务器端的优化而使系统增加负载；但从减少客户请求数的角度去看，牺牲部分服务器性能还是值得的。ngx_pagespeed模块的主要功能如下：

图像优化：剥离元数据、动态调整，重新压缩

CSS和JavaScript压缩、合并、级联、内联

小资源内联

推迟图像和JavaScript加载

对HTML重写、压缩空格、去除注释等

提升缓存周期

提示：ngx_pagespeed模块目前仍处于开发阶段，功能上与mod_pagespeed相比稍有欠缺。但开源的力量不可小觑，Github上针对ngx_pagespeed
Bugs的反馈更新很频繁，基本上都能很快得到解决，使用前务必考虑这点，不建议部署在生产环境。另，系统内GCC版本必须大于4.2。

ngx_pagespeed更新频率较高，建议及时更新到最新版本，而且最好先部署在本地环境中，经过一番测试稳定后再上线生产环境。主要测试方法参考这里：https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed/wiki/Testing

编译nginx和ngx_pagespeed，务必查看官方的材料：

ngx_pagespeed官方 http://ngxpagespeed.com/

Github https://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed

Google Developershttps://developers.google.com/speed/docs/mod_pagespeed/build_ngx_pagespeed_from_source

这里环境为nginx 1.4.6 和pagespeed 1.7.30.4，步骤如下：

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# git clone git://github.com/pagespeed/ngx_pagespeed.git# cd ngx_pagespeed/# wget -c https://dl.google.com/dl/page-speed/psol/1.7.30.4.tar.gz# rm -rf psol# tar -zxvf 1.7.30.4.tar.gz # expands to psol/# ./scripts/pagespeed_libraries_generator.sh > /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed_libraries.conf

然后重新编译nginx,首先查看线上使用的编译参数，然后追加ngx_pagespeed模块进去，编译后覆盖到原来nginx的sbin路径，然后重启一下nginx就可以了。

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# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.4.6 built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) (GCC) TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_addition_module --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_pagespeed --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34 --with-debug # make # 只make，接下来不需要make install # mv /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx.old # 备份原来的执行文件 # cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx # 复制刚刚编译好的执行文件 # /usr/sbin/nginx -t # 测试配置文件 nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

测试通过，然后进行平滑升级nginx，首先发送USR2信号给nginx，然后再优雅退出旧的进程。

12	# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`# kill -QUIT `cat /var/run/nginx.pid.oldbin`

另外32位系统编译时，需要在./configure 后面加上–with-cc-opt='-DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -march=i686 -pthread' 。强烈建议在64位系统下使用ngx_pagespeed模块，64位系统并不会比32位系统使用更多内存。安装ngx_pagespeed后第一件事情就去看Google官方帮助文件，必须了解清楚模块的运作和相应过滤器的功能，个人建议是不用开这么多过滤。还要记得打开日志记录以便于查看运行产生的错误，一般在nginx.conf的error处指定日志输出路径(如：error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;)，nginx启动后在终端中查看日志输出。在你所打开的任何一个过滤器（EnableFilters）后，建议都做这个步骤检查pagespeed是否出错。个人使用时发现默认的配置会和nginx的rewrite系统有一些不兼容的情况，特别是开启了lazyload_images rewrite_css rewrite_images rewrite_javascript之类的，那么html源码里面出现的ngx_pagespeed_static url地址一访问就会出现404 not found的错误，或者直接rewrite到index.php，那么你需要做一件事：在ngx_pagespeed公用配置里面添加一行，如下红字部分。重点：Discuz论坛不要开启lazyload_images这个过滤器，否则会出现不能显示帖子内的图片附件。

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# Ensure requests for pagespeed optimized resources go to the pagespeed # handler and no extraneous headers get set. location ~ "\.pagespeed\.([a-z]\.)?[a-z]{2}\.[^.]{10}\.[^.]+" { add_header "" ""; } location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_static/" { } location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_beacon$" { } location /ngx_pagespeed_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /ngx_pagespeed_global_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /ngx_pagespeed_message { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /pagespeed_console { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } <span style="color: #ff0000;">if ($request_uri ~ "(ngx_pagespeed_([^.]+)/(.*)?)") { break; }</span>

添加之后无需更改原有网站的rewrite规则，即可正常使用。

本站开启了ngx_pagespeed，然后用几个前端测试工具进行测试，在PageSpeed测试环节，本站得到了93分。测试结果可以点击下列地址查看：http://gtmetrix.com/reports/blog.icodex.org/jmELNaSS

http://www.webpagetest.org/result/130510_X8_4Z8/





总结：经过朋友和自己的多番测试，nginx部署安装前端优化模块ngx_pagespeed还是非常有必要的。

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附本站所在服务器上的配置文件片段：

0. nginx编译参数部分

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[icodex@srv0 ~]$ sudo nginx -Vnginx version: nginx/1.4.6built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3) (GCC)TLS SNI support enabledconfigure arguments: --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --with-file-aio --with-ipv6 --with-http_geoip_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_spdy_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_sub_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_addition_module --with-google_perftools_module --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_cache_purge-2.1 --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_pagespeed --with-pcre=/usr/local/src/pcre-8.34 --with-debug

1. /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed.conf

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pagespeed on; pagespeed UseNativeFetcher on; resolver 8.8.8.8; pagespeed Disallow "*.php*"; pagespeed FetcherTimeoutMs 300; pagespeed RewriteDeadlinePerFlushMs 300; pagespeed FetchWithGzip on; pagespeed ForceCaching on; #needs to exist and be writable by nginx pagespeed FileCachePath /var/cache/nginx/ngx_pagespeed_cache; #pagespeed FileCachePath /dev/shm/ngx_pagespeed_cache; pagespeed FileCacheSizeKb 102400; pagespeed FileCacheCleanIntervalMs 360000; pagespeed FileCacheInodeLimit 500000; pagespeed DefaultSharedMemoryCacheKB 50000; pagespeed LRUCacheKbPerProcess 8192; pagespeed LRUCacheByteLimit 16384; pagespeed BlockingRewriteKey psatest; #Rewriting Level pagespeed RewriteLevel CoreFilters; #pagespeed RewriteLevel PassThrough; pagespeed EnableFilters elide_attributes,rewrite_domains; pagespeed EnableFilters rewrite_images,inline_preview_images,lazyload_images; pagespeed EnableFilters resize_mobile_images,sprite_images; pagespeed EnableFilters convert_jpeg_to_webp,convert_to_webp_lossless; pagespeed EnableFilters resize_rendered_image_dimensions; pagespeed EnableFilters insert_image_dimensions; pagespeed EnableFilters dedup_inlined_images; pagespeed EnableFilters canonicalize_javascript_libraries,inline_google_font_css; pagespeed EnableFilters inline_import_to_link,decode_rewritten_urls; pagespeed EnableFilters fallback_rewrite_css_urls,flatten_css_imports; pagespeed EnableFilters inline_css,move_css_above_scripts,move_css_to_head; pagespeed EnableFilters outline_css,combine_css,rewrite_css; #pagespeed EnableFilters prioritize_critical_css; pagespeed EnableFilters rewrite_style_attributes_with_url,rewrite_style_attributes; pagespeed EnableFilters combine_javascript,defer_javascript; pagespeed EnableFilters inline_javascript; pagespeed EnableFilters outline_javascript,rewrite_javascript; pagespeed EnableFilters local_storage_cache,extend_cache; pagespeed EnableFilters combine_heads,insert_ga,trim_urls,collapse_whitespace,remove_comments,remove_quotes,convert_meta_tags,insert_dns_prefetch,make_google_analytics_async,add_head; #pagespeed EnableFilters add_instrumentation; pagespeed EnableFilters pedantic; pagespeed CombineAcrossPaths off; pagespeed LazyloadImagesAfterOnload on; pagespeed LazyloadImagesBlankUrl "http://www.gstatic.com/psa/static/1.gif"; pagespeed MaxSegmentLength 256; pagespeed CssFlattenMaxBytes 5120; pagespeed CssImageInlineMaxBytes 3000; pagespeed CssInlineMaxBytes 10485760; pagespeed CssOutlineMinBytes 51200; pagespeed MaxCombinedCssBytes -1; pagespeed ImageInlineMaxBytes 10485760; pagespeed ImageLimitOptimizedPercent 100; pagespeed ImageLimitResizeAreaPercent 100; pagespeed ImageRecompressionQuality 75; pagespeed ImageResolutionLimitBytes 32000000; pagespeed JpegRecompressionQuality 80; pagespeed JpegRecompressionQualityForSmallScreens 70; #pagespeed JpegNumProgressiveScans 8; #pagespeed JpegNumProgressiveScansForSmallScreens 10; #pagespeed WebpRecompressionQuality 80; #pagespeed WebpRecompressionQualityForSmallScreens 70; pagespeed JsInlineMaxBytes 10485760; pagespeed JsOutlineMinBytes 51200; pagespeed MaxCombinedJsBytes 10485760; pagespeed MaxInlinedPreviewImagesIndex -1; pagespeed MinImageSizeLowResolutionBytes 3072; pagespeed RetainComment " google_ad_section*"; pagespeed RewriteRandomDropPercentage 0; pagespeed ImageMaxRewritesAtOnce 0; pagespeed ProgressiveJpegMinBytes 5120; pagespeed CriticalImagesBeaconEnabled false; pagespeed AvoidRenamingIntrospectiveJavascript on; #pagespeed AddOptionsToUrls on; #Respecting Vary Headers pagespeed RespectVary on; #Lower-casing HTML element and attribute names pagespeed LowercaseHtmlNames on; #Preserving HTML caching headers pagespeed ModifyCachingHeaders on; #Specifying the value for the PageSpeed header pagespeed XHeaderValue "Powered By Pagespeed"; #Respecting X-Forwarded-Proto pagespeed RespectXForwardedProto on; #pagespeed RunExperiment on; pagespeed AnalyticsID UA-12345678-1; #pagespeed ExperimentVariable 1; #pagespeed ExperimentSpec "id=1;percent=50;level=CoreFilters;enabled=collapse_whitespace,remove_comments;"; #pagespeed ExperimentSpec "id=2;percent=50;default;"; #let's speed up PageSpeed by storing it in the super duper fast memcached pagespeed MemcachedServers "127.0.0.1:11211"; pagespeed MemcachedTimeoutUs 100000;

2. /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed_statslog.conf

1234	# Pagespeed stats logging 1.6.29.3+pagespeed Statistics on;pagespeed StatisticsLogging on;pagespeed LogDir /var/log/pagespeed;

3. /usr/local/nginx/conf/pagespeed_handler.conf

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# Ensure requests for pagespeed optimized resources go to the pagespeed # handler and no extraneous headers get set. location ~ "\.pagespeed\.([a-z]\.)?[a-z]{2}\.[^.]{10}\.[^.]+" { add_header "" ""; } location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_static/" { } location ~ "^/ngx_pagespeed_beacon$" { } location /ngx_pagespeed_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /ngx_pagespeed_global_statistics { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /ngx_pagespeed_message { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } location /pagespeed_console { allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; } if ($request_uri ~ "(ngx_pagespeed_([^.]+)/(.*)?)") { break; }

4. /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

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user www;google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc;worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;# no need for more workers in the proxy modeworker_processes 8;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;#error_log /dev/null info;worker_rlimit_nofile 5120;events { worker_connections 5120; # increase for busier servers use epoll; # you should use epoll here for Linux kernels 2.6.x}http { access_log off; server_name_in_redirect off; server_names_hash_max_size 2048; server_names_hash_bucket_size 256; server_tokens off; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; client_header_timeout 60s; client_body_timeout 60s; send_timeout 600s; reset_timedout_connection on; keepalive_timeout 5 60; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_keep_conn on; fastcgi_buffer_size 16k; fastcgi_buffers 16 16k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 32k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 32k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; open_file_cache max=51200 inactive=20s; open_file_cache_valid 30s; open_file_cache_min_uses 1; ssi on; ssi_silent_errors on; ssi_types text/shtml; gzip on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)"; gzip_vary on; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_min_length 1100; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_buffers 16 16k; gzip_proxied any; gzip_types application/ecmascript; gzip_types application/javascript; gzip_types application/pdf; gzip_types application/postscript; gzip_types image/svg+xml; gzip_types text/plain; gzip_types text/css; gzip_types text/csv; gzip_types application/json; gzip_types application/x-javascript; gzip_types text/xml; gzip_types application/xml; gzip_types application/xml+rss; gzip_types text/javascript; connection_pool_size 256; client_max_body_size 100m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; client_header_buffer_size 4k; large_client_header_buffers 4 4k; request_pool_size 32k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; client_body_temp_path /tmp/nginx_client; proxy_temp_path /tmp/nginx_proxy; fastcgi_temp_path /tmp/nginx_fastcgi; uwsgi_temp_path /tmp/nginx_uwsgi; scgi_temp_path /tmp/nginx_scgi; limit_conn_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m; set_real_ip_from 127.0.0.1; real_ip_header X-Forwarded-For; real_ip_recursive on; geoip_country /var/lib/GeoIP/GeoIP.dat; geoip_city /var/lib/GeoIP/GeoIPCity.dat; include pagespeed_libraries.conf; include pagespeed.conf; include pagespeed_statslog.conf; include "/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/*.conf";}

5. /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/default.conf

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server { listen 80 default; server_name _; access_log /var/log/nginx/default-access.log combined; error_log /var/log/nginx/default-error.log; root /var/www/html; index index.html index.htm index.php; charset utf-8; pagespeed on; include pagespeed_handler.conf; if (-d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ $scheme://$host/$1$2/ permanent; } #include /var/www/html/nginx.conf; location / { try_files $uri @backend-runtime; } location @backend-runtime { proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Ssl on; proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080; } location ~* \.(ftpquota|htaccess|htpasswd|asp|aspx|jsp|asa|mdb)?$ { deny all; } }

参考：http://blog.icodex.org/2013/05/build-nginx-and-ngx-pagespeed/