Oracle 学习之RMAN（十一）恢复实战场景一

场景一、数据库机器崩溃，需要使用备份在其他机器上还原数据库。
首先假设我们做了一个全库的备份。

RMAN> backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete all input;

Starting backup at 2015/07/09 06:47:15
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=26 RECID=25 STAMP=884584809
input archived log thread=1 sequence=27 RECID=26 STAMP=884587635
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:47:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:47:16
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064715_bsvb3mor_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T064715 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/backup/archivelog/1_26_884357806.dbf RECID=25 STAMP=884584809
archived log file name=/backup/archivelog/1_27_884357806.dbf RECID=26 STAMP=884587635
Finished backup at 2015/07/09 06:47:16

Starting backup at 2015/07/09 06:47:16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:47:17
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:49:02
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T064716 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:49:03
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:49:04
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb6zjt_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T064716 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015/07/09 06:49:04

Starting backup at 2015/07/09 06:49:04
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=28 RECID=27 STAMP=884587744
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:49:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2015/07/09 06:49:06
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064904_bsvb713d_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T064904 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)
archived log file name=/backup/archivelog/1_28_884357806.dbf RECID=27 STAMP=884587744
Finished backup at 2015/07/09 06:49:06

2. 将数据库文件全部删除，包括数据文件、控制文件、日志文件（在线及归档）。

SELECT 'rm -f ' || name
FROM (SELECT name FROM v$datafile
UNION ALL
SELECT name FROM v$controlfile
UNION ALL
SELECT name FROM v$tempfile
UNION ALL
SELECT MEMBER FROM v$logfile
UNION ALL
SELECT VALUE
FROM v$parameter
WHERE name = 'spfile');

使用sql生成的rm命令，将文件全部删除。并且将库关闭。

3.我们现在手里只有备份文件，要想使用RMAN恢复数据库，必须先把spfile和控制文件恢复出来。

RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfiledevdb.ora' from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp';

Starting restore at 2015/07/09 07:03:58
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 07/09/2015 07:03:58
RMAN-12010: automatic channel allocation initialization failed
RMAN-06403: could not obtain a fully authorized session
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

实例没有启动时，是无法使用RMAN进行工作的。可是我们的spfile已经丢失了，实例启动不了。那怎么办呢？当然RMAN肯定考虑到了这种情况的发生，在没有参数文件时，使用RMAN启动实例，RMAN会帮我们启动一个临时的实例来用。

RMAN> startup nomount

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initdevdb.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     158662656 bytes

Fixed Size                     2226456 bytes
Variable Size                 92276456 bytes
Database Buffers              58720256 bytes
Redo Buffers                   5439488 bytes

RMAN>

我们再次尝试恢复spfile

RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfiledevdb.ora' from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp';

Starting restore at 2015/07/09 07:15:57
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 07/09/2015 07:15:59
ORA-19687: SPFILE not found in backup set

RMAN> restore spfile to '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/spfiledevdb.ora' from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb6zjt_.bkp';

Starting restore at 2015/07/09 07:16:32
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb6zjt_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 2015/07/09 07:16:33

现在，我们就可以用恢复出来的spfile启动实例，然后去恢复控制文件。

RMAN> shutdown immediate

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> startup nomount

connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     839282688 bytes

Fixed Size                     2233000 bytes
Variable Size                553651544 bytes
Database Buffers             281018368 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2379776 bytes

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb6zjt_.bkp';

Starting restore at 2015/07/09 07:19:24
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/devdb/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 2015/07/09 07:19:25

控制文件一旦有了，就什么都不怕了。所有的备份信息都能看到啦。
将实例mount

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1

RMAN>

Recovery Manager complete.
11gdg-> rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Jul 9 07:25:56 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DEVDB (DBID=789087786, not open)

RMAN> list backup;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
71      41.55M     DISK        00:00:01     2015/07/09 06:47:16
BP Key: 73   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150709T064715
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064715_bsvb3mor_.bkp

List of Archived Logs in backup set 71
Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1    26      1236243    2015/07/08 21:00:16 1257660    2015/07/09 06:00:08
1    27      1257660    2015/07/09 06:00:08 1258926    2015/07/09 06:47:15

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
72      Full    1.11G      DISK        00:01:43     2015/07/09 06:49:00
BP Key: 74   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150709T064716
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 72
File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time            Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1       Full 1258934    2015/07/09 06:47:17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf
2       Full 1258934    2015/07/09 06:47:17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf
3       Full 1258934    2015/07/09 06:47:17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf
4       Full 1258934    2015/07/09 06:47:17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf
5       Full 1258934    2015/07/09 06:47:17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf
6       Full 1253618    2015/07/09 03:39:14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf

4. 现在我们就能还原恢复数据库啦。

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 2015/07/09 07:29:43
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 2015/07/09 07:29:43
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 2 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 2015/07/09 07:29:44

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 2015/07/09 07:29:44
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 2015/07/09 07:29:44

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064904_bsvb713d_.bkp
File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb6zjt_.bkp

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/devdb/idx01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20150709T064716_bsvb3ob4_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T064716
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25
Finished restore at 2015/07/09 07:31:10

5. 恢复数据库

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 2015/07/09 07:33:33
using channel ORA_DISK_1
datafile 6 not processed because file is read-only

starting media recovery

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=28
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064904_bsvb713d_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064904_bsvb713d_.bkp tag=TAG20150709T064904
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
archived log file name=/backup/archivelog/1_28_884357806.dbf thread=1 sequence=28
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=29
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/09/2015 07:33:36
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 29 and starting SCN of 1258979

RMAN告诉我们找不到sequence=29的日志文件。我们查看一下备份的归档日志。

RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;

List of Backup Sets
===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
71      41.55M     DISK        00:00:01     2015/07/09 06:47:16
BP Key: 73   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150709T064715
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064715_bsvb3mor_.bkp

List of Archived Logs in backup set 71
Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1    26      1236243    2015/07/08 21:00:16 1257660    2015/07/09 06:00:08
1    27      1257660    2015/07/09 06:00:08 1258926    2015/07/09 06:47:15

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------
73      3.00K      DISK        00:00:00     2015/07/09 06:49:05
BP Key: 75   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20150709T064904
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/DEVDB/backupset/2015_07_09/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20150709T064904_bsvb713d_.bkp

List of Archived Logs in backup set 73
Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN   Next Time
---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------
1    28      1258926    2015/07/09 06:47:15 1258979    2015/07/09 06:49:04

我们的日志确实只备份到了sequence=28. 我们其实要实现一个不完全恢复。

RMAN> run{
2> set until sequence 29;
3> recover database;
4> }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 2015/07/09 07:47:25
using channel ORA_DISK_1
datafile 6 not processed because file is read-only

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 2015/07/09 07:47:26

6.打开数据库

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

database opened

RMAN>