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用法总结:NSNumber、NSString、NSDate、NSCalendarDate、NSData(待续)

2015-07-31 10:45 495 查看
NSNumber

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithInt:(int)value;

+ (NSNumber *)numberWithDouble:(double)value;

- (int)intValue;

- (double)doubleValue;

NSNumber可以将基本数据类型包装起来,形成一个对象,这样就可以给其发送消息,装入NSArray中等等。

NSNumber * intNumber=[NSNumber numberWithInt:100];

NSNumber *floatNumber=[NSNUmber numberWithFloat:100.00];

int i=[intNumber intValue];

if([intNumber isEqualToNumber:floatNumber]) ....

NSNumber继承NSObject ,可以使用比较 compare: isEqual等消息

NSString

一个NSString对象可以存储一段Unicode字符。在cocoa中,所有和字符、字符串相关的处理都是使用NSString来完成。
NSObject -> NSString     // NSString继承自NSObject
+(id) stringWithContentsOfFile:path encoding:enc error:err;
+(id) stringWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:enc error:err;
+(id) stringWithString:nsstring;   //创建一个新的字符串,并将其设置为nsstring
-(id)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format, ...  ;
-(id)initWithString:nsstring;     //将分配的字符串设置为nsstring
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)string;
- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)string;
- (int)intValue;
- (double)doubleValue;

- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)string;  // 给一个字符串附加一个字符串string。
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)string;
- (NSString *)stringByDeletingPathComponent;
 
-----创建字符串的方法-----
//1、创建常量字符串
    NSString *astring = @"This is a String!";  
//2、先创建一个空的字符串,然后赋值;
//    alloc和init组合则适合在函数之间传递参数,用完之后需要手工release
    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init];

    astring = @"This is a String!";

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

//3、在以上方法中,提升速度:initWithString方法

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

//4、创建临时字符串

    NSString *astring;

    astring = [NSString stringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

// OR

    NSString *  scriptString = [NSString stringWithString:@" tell application \"Mail\"\r"];

//5、创建格式化字符串:占位符(由一个%加一个字符组成)

    int i = 1;

    int j = 2;

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

-----从文件读取字符串-----

    NSString *path = @"astring.text";

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

-----写字符串到文件----    

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    NSString *path = @"astring.text";   

    [astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];

    [astring release];   

-----比较两个字符串-----

//1、用C比较:strcmp函数

    char string1[] = "string!";

    char string2[] = "string!";

    if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0)

    {

        NSLog(@"1");

    }

 //2、isEqualToString方法   

    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

//3、compare方法(comparer返回的三种值:NSOrderedSame,NSOrderedAscending,NSOrderedDescending)   

    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";   

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   //NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);   

    NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

    //NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02大于astring01为真)

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);     

    //NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为真)

 //4、不考虑大小写比
124c0
较字符串1

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);     

    //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring02小于astring01为真)

//5、不考虑大小写比较字符串2

    NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";

    NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";

    BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02

                            options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;   

    NSLog(@"result:%d",result);     

    //NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较,区分大小写 NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数,而不是字符值。

-----改变字符串的大小写-----

    NSString *string1 = @"A String";

    NSString *string2 = @"String";

    NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//uppercaseString返回转换为大写的字符串
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//lowercaseString返回转换为小写的字符串
    NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//capitalizedString返回每个单词首字母大写的字符串

-----在串中搜索子串 -----        

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = @"string";

    NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];

    int location = range.location;

    int leight = range.length;

    NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i",location,leight]];

    NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);

    [astring release];

-----抽取子串 -----     

//1、-substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置,但不包括该位置的字符

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3]; 

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

//2、-substringFromIndex: 以指定位置开始(包括指定位置的字符),并包括之后的全部字符

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3];

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);

//3、-substringWithRange: //按照所给出的位置,长度,任意地从字符串中截取子串

    NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";

    NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];

    NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
//4、快速枚举

    for(NSString *filename in direnum)    {

        if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){

            [files addObject:filename];

        }

    }
    NSLog(@"files:%@",files);

//5、枚举

    NSEnumerator *filenum;

    filenum = [files objectEnumerator];

    while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {

        NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);

    }
@"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];   

    NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

    NSEnumerator *enumerator;

    enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];

    id obj;

    while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])    {

        [newArray addObject: obj];

    }

    [newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];

    NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);

    [newArray release];

-----切分数组-----
//1、从字符串分割到数组- componentsSeparatedByString:

    NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];

    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);   

    NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];

    NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

    [string release];

//2、从数组合并元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:

    NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

    NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];

    NSLog(@"string:%@",string);

-----从目录搜索扩展名为jpg的文件-----
//NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];

    NSString *home;

    home = @"../Users/";

    NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum;

    direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];

    NSMutableArray *files = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
//枚举

    NSString *filename;

    while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {

        if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){

            [files addObject:filename];

        }

    }
//扩展路径 
    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";

    NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];

    NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);

    NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);
//文件扩展名

    NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";

    NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);

-----查找与替换-----

- (NSString *)stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)replacement

- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement

NSMutableString(可修改的字符串)

NSObject -> NSString -> NSMutableString 
Common NSMutableString methods

+ (id)string;

- (void)appendString:(NSString *)string;

- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format, ...;

-----给字符串分配容量-----

    //stringWithCapacity:

    NSMutableString *String;

    String = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:40];

-----在已有字符串后面添加字符-----   

    //appendString: and appendFormat:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    //[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some character"];

    [String1 appendFormat:[NSString stringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some character"]];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

----- 在已有字符串中按照所给出范围删除字符----   

     //deleteCharactersInRange:

     NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

     [String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];    // 删除指定范围(location=0,length=5)的字符串

     NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
----在已有字符串后面在所指定的位置中插入给出的字符串-----
    //-insertString: atIndex:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    [String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

    [String1 insertString:@"and StringEnd", atIndex:[String1 length]];  //  在可变字符串的最后插入
----将已有的空符串换成其它的字符串-----
    //-setString:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    [String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];

    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);

----查找-----

   NSRange subRange = [String1 rangeOfString:@"is a"];   // 如果没查找到,则 (subRange.location == NSNotFound)为真。

----按照所给出的范围替换的原有的字符-----
    //-setString:

    NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];

    [String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"];     // 用于NSMutableString
    NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
----在给定的范围内查找并替换-----

- (NSUInteger)replaceOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target withString:(NSString *)replacement options:(NSStringCompareOptions)opts range:(NSRange)searchRange

----判断字符串内是否还包含别的字符串(前缀,后缀)-----

//01: 检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString;

    NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";

    [String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");

    [String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ?  NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");

//02: 查找字符串某处是否包含给定的字符串 - (NSRange) rangeOfString: (NSString *) aString,这一点前面在串中搜索子串用到过

NSRange subRange;

subRange = [string1 rangeOfString:@"string A"];  //查找字符串string1中是否包含“string A”。返回NSRange类型。

if(subRange.location == NSNotFound)

     NSLog(@"String not found ");

else  NSLog(@"string is at index %lu, length is %lu", subRange.location, subRange.length);

NSDate

NSCalendarDate

NSCalendarDate对象包含了日期和时间、时区以及一个带有格式的字符串,它从NSDate继承而来。

NSCalendarDate对象是immutable的,一旦被创建,无法修改其中的时间和日期,当然可以修改那个带格式的字符串和时区。

以下是常用方法:

+(id)calendarDate;  //创建当前日期和时间以及默认格式的NSCalendarDate对象,时区为机器设置好的时区。

+(id)dateWithYear:(int)year

    month:(unsigned)month

      day:(unsigned)day 

     hour:(unsigned)hour

   minute:(unsigned)minute

   second:(unsigned)second 

 timeZone:(NSTimeZone  *)aTimeZone 

-(int)dayOfCommonEra;  //得到从公元1年算起,有多少天

-(int)dayOfMonth;          //返回是月的第几天(1-31)

-(int)dayOfWeek;          //返回是周的第几天 (0-6)

-(int)dayOfYear;          //返回是年的第几天(1-366)

-(int)hourOfDay;          // 返回是日的第几个小时(0-23)

-(void)setCalendarFormate:(NSString *)format 

--------创建NSCalendarDate对象--------

NSCalendarDate *now;

now = [NSCalendarDate calendarDate];

NSTimeZone *pacific = [NSTimeZone timeZoneWithName:@"PST"];

NSCalendarDate *hotTime = [NSCalendarDate dateWithYear:2011 month:2 day:3 hour:14 minute:0 second:0 timeZone:pacific];

NSData

使用文件时,需要频繁地将数据读入一个临时存储区,它通常成为缓冲区

NSData类提供了一种简单的方式,它用来设置缓冲区、将文件的内容读入缓冲区,或将缓冲区的内容写到一个文件。

对于32位应用程序,NSDATA缓存区最多可以存储2GB的数据。

我们既可定义不变缓冲区(NSData类),也可定义可变的缓冲区(NSMutableData类)。

下面代码展示了如何将文件的内容读入内存缓冲区,然后再将缓冲区的内容写入到另一个文件中。

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px;"><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">NSData</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">*</span><span class="pln">fileData</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">;</span>
<span class="typ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">NSFileManager</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">*</span><span class="pln">fileManager </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">[[</span><span class="typ" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">NSFileManager</span><span class="pln"> alloc</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">]</span><span class="pln">init</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">];</span>
<span class="pln">fileData </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">=</span><span class="pln"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">[</span><span class="pln">fileManager contentsAtPath</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">:</span><span class="pln">path</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">];</span><span class="pln">  </span>
<span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">[</span><span class="pln">fileManager createFileAtPath</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">:</span><span class="pln">path2 contents</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">:</span><span class="pln">fileData attributes</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">:</span><span class="kwd" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">nil</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 0);">];</span><span class="pln">   </span><span class="com" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">//采用默认的属性值</span>
</p>


类型转换 NSData -> NSString:

NSString *strData = [[NSString alloc]initWithData:fileData encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];

类型转换 NSString -> NSData:

NSData *fileData2 = [strData dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];

NSMutableData
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