Spring事务管理的五种方式

学习Spring，感觉还是有点不懂，学习事务管理配置这一块，找了一份文档记录一下，不知道对不对，先学着。

转自这里,附上原文连接http://lzh166.iteye.com/blog/1134146。

总结如下：

Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

具体如下图：




根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

[code]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">  

    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
    </bean>    

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  

    <!-- 配置DAO -->  
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  

    <bean id="userDao"    
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">    
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->    
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />       
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />    
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />  
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
        <property name="transactionAttributes">    
            <props>    
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>  
            </props>    
        </property>    
    </bean>    
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类

[code]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">  

    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
    </bean>    

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  

    <bean id="transactionBase"    
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"    
            lazy-init="true" abstract="true">    
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->    
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
        <property name="transactionAttributes">    
            <props>    
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>    
            </props>    
        </property>    
    </bean>      

    <!-- 配置DAO -->  
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  

    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >    
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />     
    </bean>  
</beans>

第三种方式：使用拦截器

[code]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">  

    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
    </bean>    

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>   

    <bean id="transactionInterceptor"    
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">    
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
        <property name="transactionAttributes">    
            <props>    
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>    
            </props>    
        </property>    
    </bean>  

    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">    
        <property name="beanNames">    
            <list>    
                <value>*Dao</value>  
            </list>    
        </property>    
        <property name="interceptorNames">    
            <list>    
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>    
            </list>    
        </property>    
    </bean>    

    <!-- 配置DAO -->  
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  
</beans>

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

[code]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">  

    <context:annotation-config />  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />  

    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
    </bean>    

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  

    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">  
        <tx:attributes>  
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />  
        </tx:attributes>  
    </tx:advice>  

    <aop:config>  
        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"  
            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />  
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"  
            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />          
    </aop:config>        
</beans>

第五种方式：全注解

[code]<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"  
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">  

    <context:annotation-config />  
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />  

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>  

    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />  
    </bean>    

    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager"  
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">  
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />  
    </bean>  

</beans>

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下

[code]package com.bluesky.spring.dao;  

import java.util.List;  

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  

import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;  

@Transactional  
@Component("userDao")  
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {  

    public List<User> listUsers() {  
        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();  
    }  

}