NFS网络文件共享服务

NFS－网络文件系统，它的主要功能是通过网络让不同的主机系统之间可以彼此共享文件或目录。

NFS在企业中得应用场景

在企业集群架构的工作场景中，NFS网络文件系统一般被用来存储共享视频、图片、附件等静态资源文件（一般把网站用户上传的文件都放到NFS共享里，例如：BBS产品的图片、附件、头像，注意网站BBS程序不要放NFS共享里）,NFS是当前互联网系统架构中最常用的数据存储服务之一，特别是中小型网站公司应用频率很高。大公司或门户除了使用NFS外，还可能会使用MFS、GFS、FASTFS，TFS等分布式文件系统。

[root@LAMP ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 7.6G 2.0G 5.2G 28% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 27M 153M 15% /boot
192.168.0.113:/data/cms
7.6G 4.2G 3.1G 59% /data/cms/uploads/allimg
192.168.0.113:/data/blog
7.6G 4.2G 3.1G 59% /data/blog/wp-content/uploads
192.168.0.113:/data/bbs
7.6G 4.2G 3.1G 59% /data/bbs/data/attachment/forum
提示：mount 源 目标
mount 192.168.0.113:/data/bbs（远端NFS server IP地址及共享目录） /data/bbs/data/attachment/forum（本地目录）

Centos5.X随机端口为小于1024的，而Centos6.X随机端口都是较大的.
RPC－远程过程调用服务，最主要的功能就是记录每个NFS功能所对应的端口号，并且在NFS客户端请求时将该端口和功能对应的信息传递给请求数据的NFS客户端，从而可以确保客户端可以连接到正确的NFS端口上去，达到实现数据传输交互数据的目的.

一、NFS工作原理

1.先开启RPC服务（C5：portmap,C6:rpcbind）
2.向RPC服务注册启动的端口
3.客户端请求NFS服务
4.返回端口给客户端
5.拿着地址端口请求传输数据

二、NFS实战
NFS服务端：
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.6 (Final)
[root@backup ~]# uname -r Centos当前系统内核版本号
2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64
[root@backup ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@backup ~]# uname -n 机器名
backup
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa "nfs-utils|rpcbind|portmap"
[root@backup ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Group Process
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.sina.cn
* extras: mirrors.sina.cn
* updates: mirrors.sina.cn
base | 3.7 kB 00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00
extras/primary_db | 31 kB 00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00
updates/primary_db | 3.9 MB 00:11
base/group_gz | 216 kB 00:00
Installed Groups:
Base
Compatibility libraries
Development tools
E-mail server
Graphical Administration Tools
Hardware monitoring utilities
Legacy UNIX compatibility
Networking Tools
Performance Tools
Perl Support
Scientific support
Security Tools
System administration tools
Available Groups:
Additional Development
Backup Client
Backup Server
CIFS file server
Client management tools
Console internet tools
Debugging Tools
Desktop
Desktop Debugging and Performance Tools
Desktop Platform
Desktop Platform Development
Dial-up Networking Support
Directory Client
Directory Server
Eclipse
Emacs
FCoE Storage Client
FTP server
Fonts
General Purpose Desktop
Graphics Creation Tools
Guest Agents
High Availability
High Availability Management
Identity Management Server
Infiniband Support
Input Methods
Internet Applications
Internet Browser
Java Platform
KDE Desktop
Large Systems Performance
Legacy X Window System compatibility
Load Balancer
Mainframe Access
Messaging Client Support
MySQL Database client
MySQL Database server
NFS file server
Network Infrastructure Server
Network Storage Server
Network file system client
Office Suite and Productivity
PHP Support
PostgreSQL Database client
PostgreSQL Database server
Print Server
Printing client
Remote Desktop Clients
Resilient Storage
Ruby Support
SNMP Support
Scalable Filesystems
Server Platform
Server Platform Development
Smart card support
Storage Availability Tools
System Management
TeX support
Technical Writing
TurboGears application framework
Virtualization
Virtualization Client
Virtualization Platform
Virtualization Tools
Web Server
Web Servlet Engine
Web-Based Enterprise Management
X Window System
iSCSI Storage Client
Available Language Groups:
Afrikaans Support [af]
Albanian Support [sq]
Amazigh Support [ber]
Arabic Support [ar]
Armenian Support [hy]
Assamese Support [as]
Azerbaijani Support [az]
Basque Support [eu]
Belarusian Support [be]
Bengali Support [bn]
Bhutanese Support [dz]
Brazilian Portuguese Support [pt_BR]
Breton Support [br]
Bulgarian Support [bg]
Catalan Support [ca]
Chhattisgarhi Support [hne]
Chichewa Support [ny]
Chinese Support [zh]
Coptic Support [cop]
Croatian Support [hr]
Czech Support [cs]
Danish Support [da]
Dutch Support [nl]
English (UK) Support [en_GB]
Esperanto Support [eo]
Estonian Support [et]
Ethiopic Support [am]
Faroese Support [fo]
Fijian Support [fj]
Filipino Support [fil]
Finnish Support [fi]
French Support [fr]
Frisian Support [fy]
Friulian Support [fur]
Gaelic Support [gd]
Galician Support [gl]
Georgian Support [ka]
German Support [de]
Greek Support [el]
Gujarati Support [gu]
Hebrew Support [he]
Hiligaynon Support [hil]
Hindi Support [hi]
Hungarian Support [hu]
Icelandic Support [is]
Indonesian Support [id]
Interlingua Support [ia]
Inuktitut Support [iu]
Irish Support [ga]
Italian Support [it]
Japanese Support [ja]
Kannada Support [kn]
Kashmiri Support [ks]
Kashubian Support [csb]
Kazakh Support [kk]
Khmer Support [km]
Kinyarwanda Support [rw]
Konkani Support [kok]
Korean Support [ko]
Kurdish Support [ku]
Lao Support [lo]
Latin Support [la]
Latvian Support [lv]
Lithuanian Support [lt]
Low Saxon Support [nds]
Luxembourgish Support [lb]
Macedonian Support [mk]
Maithili Support [mai]
Malagasy Support [mg]
Malay Support [ms]
Malayalam Support [ml]
Maltese Support [mt]
Manx Support [gv]
Maori Support [mi]
Marathi Support [mr]
Mongolian Support [mn]
Myanmar (Burmese) Support [my]
Nepali Support [ne]
Northern Sotho Support [nso]
Norwegian Support [nb]
Occitan Support [oc]
Oriya Support [or]
Persian Support [fa]
Polish Support [pl]
Portuguese Support [pt]
Punjabi Support [pa]
Romanian Support [ro]
Russian Support [ru]
Sanskrit Support [sa]
Sardinian Support [sc]
Serbian Support [sr]
Sindhi Support [sd]
Sinhala Support [si]
Slovak Support [sk]
Slovenian Support [sl]
Somali Support [so]
Southern Ndebele Support [nr]
Southern Sotho Support [st]
Spanish Support [es]
Swahili Support [sw]
Swati Support [ss]
Swedish Support [sv]
Tagalog Support [tl]
Tajik Support [tg]
Tamil Support [ta]
Telugu Support [te]
Tetum Support [tet]
Thai Support Tibetan Support [bo]
Tsonga Support [ts]
Tswana Support [tn]
Turkish Support Turkmen Support [tk]
Ukrainian Support [uk]
Upper Sorbian Support [hsb]
Urdu Support [ur]
Uzbek Support [uz]
Venda Support [ve]
Vietnamese Support [vi]
Walloon Support [wa]
Welsh Support [cy]
Xhosa Support [xh]
Zulu Support [zu]
Done
[root@backup ~]# yum groupinstall "NFS file server" -y NFS服务端
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Group Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.sina.cn
* extras: mirrors.sina.cn
* updates: mirrors.sina.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils-lib >= 1.1.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils >= 1.4-4 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rpcbind for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1(libgssapi_CITI_2)(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libevent-1.4.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
---> Package nfs4-acl-tools.x86_64 0:0.3.3-6.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 will be installed
---> Package libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6 will be installed
---> Package libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-10.el6 will be installed
---> Package nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-9.el6_6 will be installed
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
===================================================
Installing:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 base 326 k
nfs4-acl-tools
x86_64 0.3.3-6.el6 base 43 k
Installing for dependencies:
keyutils x86_64 1.4-5.el6 base 39 k
libevent x86_64 1.4.13-4.el6 base 66 k
libgssglue x86_64 0.1-11.el6 base 23 k
libtirpc x86_64 0.2.1-10.el6 base 79 k
nfs-utils-lib x86_64 1.1.5-9.el6_6 updates 68 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-11.el6 base 51 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================
Install 8 Package(s)

Total download size: 695 k
Installed size: 1.8 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/8): keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x | 39 kB 00:00
(2/8): libevent-1.4.13-4.el | 66 kB 00:00
(3/8): libgssglue-0.1-11.el | 23 kB 00:00
(4/8): libtirpc-0.2.1-10.el | 79 kB 00:00
(5/8): nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.e | 326 kB 00:00
(6/8): nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5- | 68 kB 00:00
(7/8): nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3 | 43 kB 00:00
(8/8): rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6 | 51 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------
Total 283 kB/s | 695 kB 00:02
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_64 1/8
Installing : libtirpc-0.2.1-10.el6.x86_64 2/8
Installing : rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64 3/8
Installing : keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64 4/8
Installing : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64 5/8
Installing : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-9.el6_6.x 6/8
Installing : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_ 7/8
Installing : nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-6.el6.x8 8/8
Verifying : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64 1/8
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64 2/8
Verifying : keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64 3/8
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_ 4/8
Verifying : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-9.el6_6.x 5/8
Verifying : libtirpc-0.2.1-10.el6.x86_64 6/8
Verifying : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_64 7/8
Verifying : nfs4-acl-tools-0.3.3-6.el6.x8 8/8

Installed:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6
nfs4-acl-tools.x86_64 0:0.3.3-6.el6

Dependency Installed:
keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6
libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6
libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6
libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-10.el6
nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-9.el6_6
rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6

Complete!

NFS客户端：
[root@oldboy ~]#yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y NFS客户端
Failed to set locale, defaulting to C
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nfs-utils-lib >= 1.1.0-3 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: keyutils >= 1.4-4 for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1(libgssapi_CITI_2)(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libevent for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtirpc.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnfsidmap.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgssglue.so.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libevent-1.4.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
---> Package rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6 will be installed
---> Package libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6 will be installed
---> Package libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-10.el6 will be installed
---> Package nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-9.el6_6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================
Package Arch Version Repository
Size
===================================================
Installing:
nfs-utils x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6 base 326 k
rpcbind x86_64 0.2.0-11.el6 base 51 k
Installing for dependencies:
keyutils x86_64 1.4-5.el6 base 39 k
libevent x86_64 1.4.13-4.el6 base 66 k
libgssglue x86_64 0.1-11.el6 base 23 k
libtirpc x86_64 0.2.1-10.el6 base 79 k
nfs-utils-lib x86_64 1.1.5-9.el6_6 updates 68 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================
Install 7 Package(s)

Total download size: 652 k
Installed size: 1.7 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/7): keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x | 39 kB 00:00
(2/7): libevent-1.4.13-4.el | 66 kB 00:00
(3/7): libgssglue-0.1-11.el | 23 kB 00:00
(4/7): libtirpc-0.2.1-10.el | 79 kB 00:00
(5/7): nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.e | 326 kB 00:01
(6/7): nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5- | 68 kB 00:00
(7/7): rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6 | 51 kB 00:00
---------------------------------------------------
Total 147 kB/s | 652 kB 00:04
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Installing : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_64 1/7
Installing : libtirpc-0.2.1-10.el6.x86_64 2/7
Installing : rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64 3/7
Installing : keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64 4/7
Installing : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64 5/7
Installing : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-9.el6_6.x 6/7
Installing : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_ 7/7
Verifying : libevent-1.4.13-4.el6.x86_64 1/7
Verifying : rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64 2/7
Verifying : keyutils-1.4-5.el6.x86_64 3/7
Verifying : 1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_ 4/7
Verifying : nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-9.el6_6.x 5/7
Verifying : libtirpc-0.2.1-10.el6.x86_64 6/7
Verifying : libgssglue-0.1-11.el6.x86_64 7/7

Installed:
nfs-utils.x86_64 1:1.2.3-54.el6
rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-11.el6

Dependency Installed:
keyutils.x86_64 0:1.4-5.el6
libevent.x86_64 0:1.4.13-4.el6
libgssglue.x86_64 0:0.1-11.el6
libtirpc.x86_64 0:0.2.1-10.el6
nfs-utils-lib.x86_64 0:1.1.5-9.el6_6

Complete!

[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa "nfs-utils|rpcbind|portmap" NFS服务端
nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64
nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-9.el6_6.x86_64
rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64
[root@oldboy ~]#rpm -qa "nfs-utils|rpcbind|portmap" NFS客户端
nfs-utils-lib-1.1.5-9.el6_6.x86_64
rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6.x86_64
nfs-utils-1.2.3-54.el6.x86_64

NFS服务端：
[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@backup ~]# ps -ef|grep rpc
rpc 3169 1 0 08:58 ? 00:00:00 rpcbind
root 3173 2900 0 08:58 pts/0 00:00:00 grep rpc
[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid 3169) is running...
[root@backup ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper

[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind stop
Stopping rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@backup ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
rpcinfo: can't contact portmapper: RPC: Remote system error - Connection refused

[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@backup ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]
[root@backup ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100011 1 udp 875 rquotad
100011 2 udp 875 rquotad
100011 1 tcp 875 rquotad
100011 2 tcp 875 rquotad
100005 1 udp 32923 mountd
100005 1 tcp 38492 mountd
100005 2 udp 44186 mountd
100005 2 tcp 52464 mountd
100005 3 udp 42052 mountd
100005 3 tcp 37846 mountd
100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs
100227 2 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100227 3 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100003 2 udp 2049 nfs
100003 3 udp 2049 nfs
100003 4 udp 2049 nfs
100227 2 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100227 3 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100021 1 udp 58384 nlockmgr
100021 3 udp 58384 nlockmgr
100021 4 udp 58384 nlockmgr
100021 1 tcp 49852 nlockmgr
100021 3 tcp 49852 nlockmgr
100021 4 tcp 49852 nlockmgr

[root@backup ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on
[root@backup ~]# chkconfig nfs on
[root@backup ~]# chkconfig --list nfs
nfs 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@backup ~]# chkconfig --list rpcbind
rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

[root@backup ~]# more /etc/init.d/rpcbind
#! /bin/sh
#
# rpcbind Start/Stop RPCbind
#
# chkconfig: 2345 13 87
# description: The rpcbind utility is a server that
converts RPC program \
# numbers into universal addresses. It
must be running on the \
# host to be able to make RPC calls on
a server on that machine.
#
[root@backup ~]# more /etc/init.d/nfs
#!/bin/sh
#
# nfs This shell script takes care of sta
rting and stopping
# the NFS services.
#
# chkconfig: - 30 60
# description: NFS is a popular protocol for file s
haring across networks.
# This service provides NFS server fun
ctionality, which is \
# configured via the /etc/exports file
通过查看以上两个服务的启动脚本，得出，启动时先启动rpcbind,然后是nfs;关闭时先关闭NFS，然后关闭rpcbind.

NFS客户端：
[root@oldboy ~]#/etc/init.d/rpcbind start 客户端只需要启动rpcbind
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
[root@oldboy ~]#/etc/init.d/rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid 2924) is running...
[root@oldboy ~]#chkconfig rpcbind on
[root@oldboy ~]#chkconfig --list rpcbind
rpcbind 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off

NFS服务端：
[root@backup ~]# ll /etc/exports
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Jan 12 2010 /etc/exports
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/exports
[root@backup ~]# vi /etc/exports
#shared backup for bbs by oldboy at 20150711
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync)
~
~
~
~
"/etc/exports" 2L, 81C written
[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/exports
#shared backup for bbs by oldboy at 20150711
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync)
[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs reload和exportfs -r是等价的 优雅平滑重启NFS服务，不影响服务使用，提升客户体验
[root@backup ~]# showmount -e localhost 服务端查看共享
Export list for localhost:
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24

[root@oldboy ~]#showmount -e 192.168.0.114 客户端查看共享
Export list for 192.168.0.114:
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24

客户端查看不到NFS服务端共享的解决方法：
1.ping 服务端IP
2.telnet 服务端IP 111(rpcbind服务监听端口）

[root@oldboy ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 7.6G 2.2G 5.1G 31% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 27M 153M 15% /boot
[root@oldboy ~]#mount -t nfs 192.168.0.114:/backup/NFS /mnt
[root@oldboy ~]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 7.6G 2.2G 5.1G 31% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 27M 153M 15% /boot
192.168.0.114:/backup/NFS
7.6G 4.7G 2.6G 65% /mnt

[root@backup ~]# ll /backup/NFS NFS服务端共享的目录要给其他用户给“写权限”，以免客户端写数据时出现“无权限”的错误
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nobody nobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data

[root@oldboy ~]#ll /mnt NFS客户端
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nobody nobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data

[root@backup ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534)

[root@backup ~]# grep 65534 /etc/passwd
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

提高NFS服务端共享目录的安全性操作
[root@backup ~]# chmod 755 /backup
[root@backup ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /backup

NFS客户端：
[root@oldboy mnt]#pwd
/mnt
[root@oldboy mnt]#ll
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data
[root@oldboy mnt]#touch oldboy.log
[root@oldboy mnt]#ll
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Jul 11 10:32 oldboy.log
[root@oldboy mnt]#rm -f oldboy.log
[root@oldboy mnt]#ll
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data

NFS服务端：
[root@backup ~]# chmod 755 /backup/NFS
[root@backup ~]# ll /backup
total 16
drwxrwxrwx 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 7 00:41 LAMP
drwxrwxrwx 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 7 00:39 LNMP
drwxrwxrwx 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 7 00:35 mysql
drwxr-xr-x 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Jul 11 10:32 NFS

NFS客户端：
[root@oldboy mnt]#ll
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data
[root@oldboy mnt]#touch dd.log
[root@oldboy mnt]#ll
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data
-rw-r--r-- 1 nfsnobody nfsnobody 0 Jul 11 10:37 dd.log
[root@oldboy mnt]#rm -f dd.log
[root@oldboy mnt]#ll
total 4
drwxrwxrwx 5 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 13 00:00 data

[root@oldboy mnt]#echo "mount -t nfs 192.168.0.114:/backup/NFS /mnt" >>/etc/rc.local 加入开机启动
[root@oldboy mnt]#cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
mount -t nfs 192.168.0.114:/backup/NFS /mnt

三、NFS服务的相关功能组件介绍
NFS服务端：
[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind status
rpcbind (pid 3239) is running...
[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs status
rpc.svcgssd is stopped
rpc.mountd (pid 3284) is running...
nfsd (pid 3300 3299 3298 3297 3296 3295 3294 3293) is running...
rpc.rquotad (pid 3279) is running...
[root@backup ~]# ps -ef|grep -E "rpc|nfs"
rpc 3239 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 rpcbind rpc服务 rpcbind==>portmap（C5.8）远程过程调用服务
root 3270 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/0]
root 3279 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 rpc.rquotad 磁盘配额进程
root 3284 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 rpc.mountd 权限管理进程
root 3291 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4]
root 3292 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks]
root 3293 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] NFS主进程
root 3294 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 3295 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 3296 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 3297 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] NFS主进程
root 3298 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 3299 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 3300 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd] NFS主进程
root 3327 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 rpc.idmapd
root 9165 6649 0 20:56 pts/1 00:00:00 grep -E rpc|nfs

[root@backup ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs restart
Shutting down NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Shutting down NFS services: [ OK ]
Shutting down RPC idmapd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
Starting RPC idmapd: [ OK ]

[root@backup ~]# ps -ef|egrep "rpc|nfs"
rpc 3239 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 rpcbind
root 3270 2 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 [rpciod/0]
root 9268 1 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 rpc.rquotad
root 9273 1 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 rpc.mountd
root 9280 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4]
root 9281 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd4_callbacks]
root 9282 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9283 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9284 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9285 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9286 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9287 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9288 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9289 2 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 [nfsd]
root 9316 1 0 20:58 ? 00:00:00 rpc.idmapd
root 9365 6649 0 21:08 pts/1 00:00:00 egrep rpc|nfs

[root@backup ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534)

NFS客户端：
[root@oldboy mnt]#df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 7.6G 2.2G 5.1G 31% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 27M 153M 15% /boot
192.168.0.114:/backup/NFS
7.6G 4.7G 2.6G 65% /mnt
[root@oldboy mnt]#mount
/dev/sda3 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
192.168.0.114:/backup/NFS on /mnt type nfs (rw,vers=4,addr=192.168.0.114,clientaddr=192.168.0.131)

[root@backup ~]# cat /etc/exports
#shared backup for bbs by oldboy at 20150711
/backup/NFS 192.168.0.0/24(rw,sync)
共享目录 可以访问共享 访问的客
目录的网段或主 户端权限
机、域名 以及数据
是否从缓
存同步到
磁盘

四、配置NFS生产重要技巧
1.确保所有服务器对NFS共享目录具备相同的权限
a.all_squash把所有客户端都压缩成匿名用户
b.就是anonuid,anongid指定的UID和GID的用户
2.所有的客户端和服务端都需要有一个相同的UID和GID的用户,即nfsnobody(UID必须相同）

本文出自 “兰州linux运维” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://linuxzkq.blog.51cto.com/9379412/1675931