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微信公众平台java开发详解(工程代码+解析)

2015-07-13 23:16 721 查看
原文:http://blog.csdn.net/pamchen/article/details/38718947

说明:
本次的教程主要是对微信公众平台开发者模式的讲解,网络上很多类似文章,但很多都让初学微信开发的人一头雾水,所以总结自己的微信开发经验,将微信开发的整个过程系统的列出,并对主要代码进行讲解分析,让初学者尽快上手。

在阅读本文之前,应对微信公众平台的官方开发文档有所了解,知道接收和发送的都是xml格式的数据。另外,在做内容回复时用到了图灵机器人的api接口,这是一个自然语言解析的开放平台,可以帮我们解决整个微信开发过程中最困难的问题,此处不多讲,下面会有其详细的调用方式。

1.1 在登录微信官方平台之后,开启开发者模式,此时需要我们填写url和token,所谓url就是我们自己服务器的接口,用WechatServlet.java来实现,相关解释已经在注释中说明,代码如下:

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package demo.servlet;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import demo.process.WechatProcess;

/**

* 微信服务端收发消息接口

*

* @author pamchen-1

*

*/

public class WechatServlet extends HttpServlet {

/**

* The doGet method of the servlet. <br>

*

* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get.

*

* @param request

* the request send by the client to the server

* @param response

* the response send by the server to the client

* @throws ServletException

* if an error occurred

* @throws IOException

* if an error occurred

*/

public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {

request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

/** 读取接收到的xml消息 */

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

InputStream is = request.getInputStream();

InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8");

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);

String s = "";

while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) {

sb.append(s);

}

String xml = sb.toString(); //次即为接收到微信端发送过来的xml数据

String result = "";

/** 判断是否是微信接入激活验证,只有首次接入验证时才会收到echostr参数,此时需要把它直接返回 */

String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");

if (echostr != null && echostr.length() > 1) {

result = echostr;

} else {

//正常的微信处理流程

result = new WechatProcess().processWechatMag(xml);

}

try {

OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();

os.write(result.getBytes("UTF-8"));

os.flush();

os.close();

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

/**

* The doPost method of the servlet. <br>

*

* This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to

* post.

*

* @param request

* the request send by the client to the server

* @param response

* the response send by the server to the client

* @throws ServletException

* if an error occurred

* @throws IOException

* if an error occurred

*/

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

throws ServletException, IOException {

doGet(request, response);

}

}

1.2 相应的web.xml配置信息如下,在生成WechatServlet.java的同时,可自动生成web.xml中的配置。前面所提到的url处可以填写例如:http;//服务器地址/项目名/wechat.do

[html] view plaincopy

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<web-app version="2.5"

xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<servlet>

<description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>

<display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>

<servlet-name>WechatServlet</servlet-name>

<servlet-class>demo.servlet.WechatServlet</servlet-class>

</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>

<servlet-name>WechatServlet</servlet-name>

<url-pattern>/wechat.do</url-pattern>

</servlet-mapping>

<welcome-file-list>

<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

</welcome-file-list>

</web-app>

1.3 通过以上代码,我们已经实现了微信公众平台开发的框架,即开通开发者模式并成功接入、接收消息和发送消息这三个步骤。

下面就讲解其核心部分——解析接收到的xml数据,并以文本类消息为例,通过图灵机器人api接口实现智能回复。

2.1 首先看一下整体流程处理代码,包括:xml数据处理、调用图灵api、封装返回的xml数据。

[java] view plaincopy

package demo.process;

import java.util.Date;

import demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;

/**

* 微信xml消息处理流程逻辑类

* @author pamchen-1

*

*/

public class WechatProcess {

/**

* 解析处理xml、获取智能回复结果(通过图灵机器人api接口)

* @param xml 接收到的微信数据

* @return 最终的解析结果(xml格式数据)

*/

public String processWechatMag(String xml){

/** 解析xml数据 */

ReceiveXmlEntity xmlEntity = new ReceiveXmlProcess().getMsgEntity(xml);

/** 以文本消息为例,调用图灵机器人api接口,获取回复内容 */

String result = "";

if("text".endsWith(xmlEntity.getMsgType())){

result = new TulingApiProcess().getTulingResult(xmlEntity.getContent());

}

/** 此时,如果用户输入的是“你好”,在经过上面的过程之后,result为“你也好”类似的内容

* 因为最终回复给微信的也是xml格式的数据,所有需要将其封装为文本类型返回消息

* */

result = new FormatXmlProcess().formatXmlAnswer(xmlEntity.getFromUserName(), xmlEntity.getToUserName(), result);

return result;

}

}

2.2 解析接收到的xml数据,此处有两个类,ReceiveXmlEntity.java和ReceiveXmlProcess.java,通过反射的机制动态调用实体类中的set方法,可以避免很多重复的判断,提高代码效率,代码如下:

[java] view plaincopy

package demo.entity;

/**

* 接收到的微信xml实体类

* @author pamchen-1

*

*/

public class ReceiveXmlEntity {

private String ToUserName="";

private String FromUserName="";

private String CreateTime="";

private String MsgType="";

private String MsgId="";

private String Event="";

private String EventKey="";

private String Ticket="";

private String Latitude="";

private String Longitude="";

private String Precision="";

private String PicUrl="";

private String MediaId="";

private String Title="";

private String Description="";

private String Url="";

private String Location_X="";

private String Location_Y="";

private String Scale="";

private String Label="";

private String Content="";

private String Format="";

private String Recognition="";

public String getRecognition() {

return Recognition;

}

public void setRecognition(String recognition) {

Recognition = recognition;

}

public String getFormat() {

return Format;

}

public void setFormat(String format) {

Format = format;

}

public String getContent() {

return Content;

}

public void setContent(String content) {

Content = content;

}

public String getLocation_X() {

return Location_X;

}

public void setLocation_X(String locationX) {

Location_X = locationX;

}

public String getLocation_Y() {

return Location_Y;

}

public void setLocation_Y(String locationY) {

Location_Y = locationY;

}

public String getScale() {

return Scale;

}

public void setScale(String scale) {

Scale = scale;

}

public String getLabel() {

return Label;

}

public void setLabel(String label) {

Label = label;

}

public String getTitle() {

return Title;

}

public void setTitle(String title) {

Title = title;

}

public String getDescription() {

return Description;

}

public void setDescription(String description) {

Description = description;

}

public String getUrl() {

return Url;

}

public void setUrl(String url) {

Url = url;

}

public String getPicUrl() {

return PicUrl;

}

public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {

PicUrl = picUrl;

}

public String getMediaId() {

return MediaId;

}

public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {

MediaId = mediaId;

}

public String getEventKey() {

return EventKey;

}

public void setEventKey(String eventKey) {

EventKey = eventKey;

}

public String getTicket() {

return Ticket;

}

public void setTicket(String ticket) {

Ticket = ticket;

}

public String getLatitude() {

return Latitude;

}

public void setLatitude(String latitude) {

Latitude = latitude;

}

public String getLongitude() {

return Longitude;

}

public void setLongitude(String longitude) {

Longitude = longitude;

}

public String getPrecision() {

return Precision;

}

public void setPrecision(String precision) {

Precision = precision;

}

public String getEvent() {

return Event;

}

public void setEvent(String event) {

Event = event;

}

public String getMsgId() {

return MsgId;

}

public void setMsgId(String msgId) {

MsgId = msgId;

}

public String getToUserName() {

return ToUserName;

}

public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {

ToUserName = toUserName;

}

public String getFromUserName() {

return FromUserName;

}

public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {

FromUserName = fromUserName;

}

public String getCreateTime() {

return CreateTime;

}

public void setCreateTime(String createTime) {

CreateTime = createTime;

}

public String getMsgType() {

return MsgType;

}

public void setMsgType(String msgType) {

MsgType = msgType;

}

}

[java] view plaincopy

package demo.process;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.util.Iterator;

import org.dom4j.Document;

import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;

import org.dom4j.Element;

import demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity;

/**

* 解析接收到的微信xml,返回消息对象

* @author pamchen-1

*

*/

public class ReceiveXmlProcess {

/**

* 解析微信xml消息

* @param strXml

* @return

*/

public ReceiveXmlEntity getMsgEntity(String strXml){

ReceiveXmlEntity msg = null;

try {

if (strXml.length() <= 0 || strXml == null)

return null;

// 将字符串转化为XML文档对象

Document document = DocumentHelper.parseText(strXml);

// 获得文档的根节点

Element root = document.getRootElement();

// 遍历根节点下所有子节点

Iterator<?> iter = root.elementIterator();

// 遍历所有结点

msg = new ReceiveXmlEntity();

//利用反射机制,调用set方法

//获取该实体的元类型

Class<?> c = Class.forName("demo.entity.ReceiveXmlEntity");

msg = (ReceiveXmlEntity)c.newInstance();//创建这个实体的对象

while(iter.hasNext()){

Element ele = (Element)iter.next();

//获取set方法中的参数字段(实体类的属性)

Field field = c.getDeclaredField(ele.getName());

//获取set方法,field.getType())获取它的参数数据类型

Method method = c.getDeclaredMethod("set"+ele.getName(), field.getType());

//调用set方法

method.invoke(msg, ele.getText());

}

} catch (Exception e) {

// TODO: handle exception

System.out.println("xml 格式异常: "+ strXml);

e.printStackTrace();

}

return msg;

}

}

2.3 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容

[java] view plaincopy

package demo.process;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;

import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;

import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;

import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;

import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import org.json.JSONException;

import org.json.JSONObject;

/**

* 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容

* @author pamchen-1

*

*/

public class TulingApiProcess {

/**

* 调用图灵机器人api接口,获取智能回复内容,解析获取自己所需结果

* @param content

* @return

*/

public String getTulingResult(String content){

/** 此处为图灵api接口,参数key需要自己去注册申请,先以11111111代替 */

String apiUrl = "http://www.tuling123.com/openapi/api?key=11111111&info=";

String param = "";

try {

param = apiUrl+URLEncoder.encode(content,"utf-8");

} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e1.printStackTrace();

} //将参数转为url编码

/** 发送httpget请求 */

HttpGet request = new HttpGet(param);

String result = "";

try {

HttpResponse response = HttpClients.createDefault().execute(request);

if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){

result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());

}

} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

/** 请求失败处理 */

if(null==result){

return "对不起,你说的话真是太高深了……";

}

try {

JSONObject json = new JSONObject(result);

//以code=100000为例,参考图灵机器人api文档

if(100000==json.getInt("code")){

result = json.getString("text");

}

} catch (JSONException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

return result;

}

}

2.4 将结果封装为微信规定的xml格式,并返回给1.1中创建的servlet接口。

[java] view plaincopy

package demo.process;

import java.util.Date;

/**

* 封装最终的xml格式结果

* @author pamchen-1

*

*/

public class FormatXmlProcess {

/**

* 封装文字类的返回消息

* @param to

* @param from

* @param content

* @return

*/

public String formatXmlAnswer(String to, String from, String content) {

StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

Date date = new Date();

sb.append("<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[");

sb.append(to);

sb.append("]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[");

sb.append(from);

sb.append("]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>");

sb.append(date.getTime());

sb.append("</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[text]]></MsgType><Content><![CDATA[");

sb.append(content);

sb.append("]]></Content><FuncFlag>0</FuncFlag></xml>");

return sb.toString();

}

}

总结,以上便是微信公众平台开发的全部流程,整体来看并不复杂,要非常感谢图灵机器人提供的api接口,帮我们解决了智能回复这一高难度问题。其他类型的消息处理与示例中类似,有兴趣的开发者可以联系我进行交流学习,希望本文对大家有所帮助。

本问中的代码示例已经上传到了csdn的个人资源中,有需要的可以去下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/pamchen/7793979
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