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【iOS】Mapkit的使用:地图显示、定位、大头针、气泡等

2015-06-22 18:28 726 查看

以前做项目用高德地图SDK,需要注册账号和AppID,然后下载SDK集成到项目中,比较麻烦,这几天看了下苹果自带的MapKit框架,感觉挺好用,官方文档也介绍得很详细,所以按照官方文档写了个demo,实现地图的显示、显示用户当前位置、放置大头针、弹出气泡等基本功能。希望能帮到刚接触MapKit的朋友~

1.显示地图

(1)首先我们要像下图这样子打开地图功能:



XCode会自动给我们的项目进行配置,例如会自动给我们添加MapKit.frameworks。

(2)在需要使用地图的类中

#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

(3)显示地图有两种方法:
<1>使用Interface Builder, 拖一个Map view对象到View中
<2>使用纯代码,创建一个MKMapView的实例,使用initWithFrame:来进行初始化,最后将它作为subview添加到windows或者其它UIView上。

因为一个map view是一个UIView子类,所以可以像操作其它View那样操作map view,因此可以给map view添加任何subview,但是添加的subview并不会随着地图内容的移动而移动,如果需要跟随移动,必须使用annotations 或者 overlays。

新建的地图,默认只是显示地图数据以及响应用户手势。通过创建MKMapCamera实例,可以进行3D地图显示,通过设置mapType属性可以设置地图来显示卫星地图、卫星地图和地图数据的混合视图,通过改变属性rotateEnabled, pitchEnabled, zoomEnabled,scrollEnabled 等,可以限制用户的控制权限。通过实现代理MKMapViewDelegate ,可以响应用户的手势操作。

以下为使用第<2>种方法来显示地图:
mapView = [[MKMapView alloc] initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];
    [self.view addSubview:mapView];
运行效果如下:





2.设置地图的默认显示区域

步骤1中添加的地图,默认会显示整个地球的视图,可以通过修改它的Region属性来设置地图初始化时默认的显示区域,这个属性是一个MKCoordinateRegion结构体,定义如下:
typedef struct {
   CLLocationCoordinate2D center;
   MKCoordinateSpan span;
} MKCoordinateRegion;

其中span是使用度、分、秒为单位的,一度约等于111km,但是我们一般习惯使用的是长*宽的数据,因此可以使用MKCoordinateRegionMakeWithDistance 方法将常用的长和宽数据转化为需要的以度为单位的数据。下面就是将地图的显示范围设置为中心点为经纬度(29.454686,
106.529259),南北方向和东西方向均为5km的区域
[mapView setRegion:MKCoordinateRegionMakeWithDistance(CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(29.454686, 106.529259), 5000, 5000) animated:YES];
添加上面一句代码后,步骤1中的视图变成了下图的效果:



3.显示3D地图
3D地图是从某个海拔高度点以一定角度俯瞰2D地图的视图,在iOS7和OSX10.9及以后版本,可以使用MKMapCamera类来调整3D地图。
一个MKMapCamera实例类camera,使用下面的属性来确定3D地图:

• 海拔高度(Altitude). camera的距离2D地图平面的高度,单位米
• 斜度(Pitch).camera相对于地面倾斜的角度(其中0度表示垂直往下看,所以效果是标准的2D地图)
• 方向(Heading). camera面对的方向
• 中心(Center). 显示在屏幕正中间的地图表面的点
或许举一个例子就秒懂了,下面的代码就是实现从经纬度(29.545686,
106.628259),高度为100的空中俯瞰经纬度(29.454686,
106.529259)的效果:
// Create a coordinate structure for the location.
    CLLocationCoordinate2D ground = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(29.454686, 106.529259);
    // Create a coordinate structure for the point on the ground from which to view the location.
    CLLocationCoordinate2D eye = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(29.545686, 106.628259);
    // Ask Map Kit for a camera that looks at the location from an altitude of 100 meters above the eye coordinates.
    MKMapCamera *myCamera = [MKMapCamera cameraLookingAtCenterCoordinate:ground fromEyeCoordinate:eye eyeAltitude:100];
    // Assign the camera to your map view
    mapView.camera = myCamera;




4.滑动和缩放地图内容

通过滑动和缩放可以随时改变地图的显示区域
• 通过滑动地图,改变map view或者camera的centerCoordinate 值,或者直接调用map view的setCenterCoordinate:animated: 或者setCamera:animated: 方法
• 改变放大级别,改变map view的region属性的值,或者调用setRegion:animated:方法,你也可以在3D地图中改变camera的海拔高度的值(设置海拔高度为双倍或者一半,大约等于放大或缩小一个级别)。

例如,下面的代码将地图往左移动当前地图宽度的一半的距离,并且带有移动的动画效果。
CLLocationCoordinate2D mapCenter = mapView.centerCoordinate;
mapCenter = [mapView convertPoint:
                 CGPointMake(1, (mapView.frame.size.width/2.0))
                 toCoordinateFromView:mapView];
[mapView setCenterCoordinate:mapCenter animated:YES];


通过修改地图的region属性的span的值进行地图缩放。如果要放大(拉近镜头),将span设置为一个更小的值,如果要缩小(拉远镜头),将span设置为一个更大的值。以下为缩小的示例代码:
MKCoordinateRegion theRegion = myMapView.region;

// Zoom out
theRegion.span.longitudeDelta *= 2.0;
theRegion.span.latitudeDelta *= 2.0;
[myMapView setRegion:theRegion animated:YES];


5.在地图上显示用户当前位置

要在地图上显示用户位置,先设置map view的showsUserLocation属性为Yes
mapView.showsUserLocation = YES;


以上代码只是告诉mapView要显示用户位置,但mapView并不知道用户的位置,因此还需要通过CLLocationManager来使用定位服务:创建一个CLLocationManager 的实例,设置它的desiredAccuracy(期望的定位精度)和distanceFilter(距离过滤)属性。为了接收到位置更新的通知,设置代理CLLocationManagerDelegate,并调用startUpdatingLocation方法来注册接收定位更新(调用
stopUpdatingLocation取消接收定位更新)。另外在iOS8中,需要向用户请求定位权限,示例代码如下:
- (void)startStandardUpdates{
    // Create the location manager if this object does not
    // already have one.
    if (nil == locationManager)
        locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
        locationManager.delegate = self;
        locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBest;
    if([[[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion] floatValue] >= 8.0){
        [locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];
    }
    if(![CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled]){
        NSLog(@"请开启定位:设置 > 隐私 > 位置 > 定位服务");
    }
    if([locationManager respondsToSelector:@selector(requestAlwaysAuthorization)]) {
        [locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization]; // 永久授权
        [locationManager requestWhenInUseAuthorization]; //使用中授权
    }
    [locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}

效果如图:



关于iOS定位的详细讲解(后台持续定位),请看我的另一篇博文:/article/1823766.html

6.创建一个地图快照

有时候,我们的需求并不需要一个功能完整的map view视图。例如,如果app只是想用户在一个地图图像的滚动列表中选择,那就不需要实现地图的交互功能。另一个创建一个静态地图图像的原因是为了实现绘图功能。在上面提到的需求中,我们可以使用MKMapSnapshotter对象来异步地创建一个静态的地图图像。

一般的,通过下面的步骤来创建一个地图快照
1.确保网络连接正常并且app正在前台运行
2.创建一个MKMapSnapshotOptions对象,并设置地图外观、输出大小等
3.创建一个MKMapSnapshotter对象并用上一步的实例对象初始化进行初始化。
4.调用startWithCompletionHandler:方法来开始异步的快照任务
5.当任务完成,从block中取回地图快照,并添加需要的覆盖物或者标注。

示例代码:
-(void)shot{
    MKMapSnapshotOptions *options = [[MKMapSnapshotOptions alloc] init];
    options.region = mapView.region;
    options.size = mapView.frame.size;
    options.scale = [[UIScreen mainScreen] scale];
    MKMapSnapshotter *snapshotter = [[MKMapSnapshotter alloc] initWithOptions:options];
    
    // Initialize the semaphore to 0 because there are no resources yet.
    dispatch_semaphore_t snapshotSem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
    
    // Get a global queue (it doesn't matter which one).
    dispatch_queue_t queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
    
    // Create variables to hold return values. Use the __block modifier because these variables will be modified inside a block.
    __block MKMapSnapshot *mapSnapshot = nil;
    __block NSError *error = nil;
    
    // Start the asynchronous snapshot-creation task.
    [snapshotter startWithQueue:queue
              completionHandler:^(MKMapSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *e) {
                  mapSnapshot = snapshot;
                  error = e;
                  // The dispatch_semaphore_signal function tells the semaphore that the async task is finished, which unblocks the main thread.
                  dispatch_semaphore_signal(snapshotSem);
              }];
    
    // On the main thread, use dispatch_semaphore_wait to wait for the snapshot task to complete.
    dispatch_semaphore_wait(snapshotSem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
    
    if (error) { // Handle error. }
        
        // Get the image from the newly created snapshot.
        //UIImage *image = mapSnapshot.image;
        // Optionally, draw annotations on the image before displaying it.
    }
    UIImage *image = mapSnapshot.image;
    UIImageView *imageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(50, 50, 200, 200)];
    imageView.image = image;
    [self.view addSubview:imageView];
}


效果如下:



7.添加大头针(下文中统一称作标注)

(1)为了在地图上添加标注,app必须提供两个明确的对象

一个annotation 对象, 遵从MKAnnotation代理,管理标注的数据(只是存储标注的数据,不涉及视图)

一个annotation view, 用来在地图上画annotation的表现形式(用来显示标注数据的视图)

(2)明确了(1)中的要求后,得到添加标注的步骤:
<1>使用下面任何一个对象(annotation 对象)来确定一个合适的标注
•使用MKPointAnnotation类来实现一个标注,这种类型的标注包含显示在标注弹出气泡标题和副标题的属性。
•定义一个自定义的遵从MKAnnotation代理的对象,自定义的标注可以包含任何我们想存贮的数据类型。详细看Defining a Custom Annotation Object

<2>定义一个 annotation view来在屏幕上显示标注的数据。怎么定义annotation view 取决于我们的需求,可以是下面的任何一个:
•如果是要使用标准的大头针标注,创建一个MKPinAnnotationView类的实例。
•如果标注用自定义的静态图片来展示,创建一个MKAnnotationView类的实例,设置它的image属性为展示的图片。
•如果一张静态图片不足够来展现标注,新建一个MKAnnotationView的子类,实现自定义的绘制方法。

<3>实现mapView:viewForAnnotation:代理方法。

这个方法返回一个MKAnnotationView类型的视图,来显示标注的信息, 如果不实现这个代理方法或者return nil,就会用默认的 annotation view进行数据显示(也就是显示红色大头针、title、subtitle,效果请看下面的例子1)。

<4>使用addAnnotation: (或者 addAnnotations:)方法来添加标注到地图。

上面都是直接从官方文档翻译的,感觉有点晦涩难懂,还是上例子吧,比较比较容易理解~
(例子1)使用MKPointAnnotation类来作为标注,并使用默认的annotation view(不用实现mapView:viewForAnnotation:方法,或者return nil),代码及效果如下:
MKPointAnnotation *annotation0 = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc] init];
    [annotation0 setCoordinate:CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(29.454686, 106.529259)];
    [annotation0 setTitle:@"重庆理工大学"];
    [annotation0 setSubtitle:@"重庆市巴南区红光大道69号"];
    [mapView addAnnotation:annotation0];




例子2)使用MKPointAnnotation类来作为标注(还是用例子1中的代码),并使用默认的自定义MKPinAnnotationView,将大头针设置为紫色,设置气泡左边的图像,并在右边添加一个按钮(实现View:viewForAnnotation:方法,并返回一个MKPinAnnotationView实例),代码及效果如下:
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">- (<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKAnnotationView</span> *)mapView:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKMapView</span> *)mapView</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">            viewForAnnotation:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">id</span> <<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKAnnotation</span>>)annotation</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">{</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(97, 34, 174);">MKPinAnnotationView<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> *customPinView = [[</span>MKPinAnnotationView<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">alloc</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">]</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">                                              <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">initWithAnnotation</span>:annotation <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">reuseIdentifier</span>:<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c91b13">@"MyCustomAnnotation"</span>];</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        customPinView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">pinColor</span> = <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">MKPinAnnotationColorPurple</span>;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        customPinView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">animatesDrop</span> = <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">YES</span>;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        customPinView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">canShowCallout</span> = <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">YES</span>;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; min-height: 21px;">
</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIButton</span> *rightButton = [[<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIButton</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">alloc</span>] <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">initWithFrame</span>:<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">CGRectMake</span>(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #0435ff">0</span>, <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #0435ff">0</span>, <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #0435ff">80</span>, <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #0435ff">60</span>)];</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        rightButton.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">backgroundColor</span> = [<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIColor</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">grayColor</span>];</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(61, 29, 129);"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">        [rightButton </span>setTitle<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">:</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c91b13">@"</span><span style="font-family: 'Heiti SC Light'; color: rgb(201, 27, 19);">查看详情</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c91b13">"</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000"> </span>forState<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">:</span>UIControlStateNormal<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">];</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        customPinView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">rightCalloutAccessoryView</span> = rightButton;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; min-height: 21px;">
</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo; color: rgb(29, 148, 33);"><span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #000000">        </span>// Add a custom image to the left side of the callout.</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIImageView</span> *myCustomImage = [[<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIImageView</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">alloc</span>] <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">initWithImage</span>:[<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIImage</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">imageNamed</span>:<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c91b13">@"myimage"</span>]];</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        customPinView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">leftCalloutAccessoryView</span> = myCustomImage;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">        <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">return</span> customPinView;</p><div>
</div>}




为了响应“查看详情”的点击事件,只要实现以下代理方法:
-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotationView:(MKAnnotationView *)view calloutAccessoryControlTapped:(UIControl *)control{
    NSLog(@"点击了查看详情");
}


例子3)使用MKPointAnnotation类来作为标注(还是用例子1中的代码),并使用默认的自定义MKAnnotationView

,将大头针设置为自定义图像,(实现View:viewForAnnotation:方法,并返回一个MKAnnotationView实例),代码及效果如下:

<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">- (<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKAnnotationView</span> *)mapView:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKMapView</span> *)mapView</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">            viewForAnnotation:(<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">id</span> <<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKAnnotation</span>>)annotation</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">{<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;">   </span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">     <span style="color: rgb(97, 34, 174);">MKAnnotationView</span>* aView = [[<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">MKAnnotationView</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">alloc</span>] <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">initWithAnnotation</span>:annotation <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">reuseIdentifier</span>:<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c91b13">@"MKPointAnnotation"</span>];</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">     aView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">image</span> = [<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #6122ae">UIImage</span> <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #3d1d81">imageNamed</span>:<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c91b13">@"myimage"</span>];</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">     aView.<span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #703daa">canShowCallout</span> = <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">YES</span>;</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 18px; font-family: Menlo;">     <span style="font-variant-ligatures: no-common-ligatures; color: #c32275">return</span> aView;</p><div>}</div>




例子4)这个例子较前面的例子要复杂些:
1. 使用实现MKAnnotation代理的自定义对象(MyCustomAnnotation)来作为标注(能存储任意的数据,例如存储一家餐厅的名字、地址、好评率、距离等属性,上面三个例子中的MKPointAnnotation只能存储title和subtitle,这里的例子定义了两个属性:maintitle和subtitle)。
2.使用继承自MKAnnotationView的类(MyCustomAnnotationView)来自定义气泡视图(实现View:viewForAnnotation:方法,并返回一个继承自MKAnnotationView的实例,其中,MKAnnotationView包含一个UIViewController的属性,这个view
controller用来管理气泡的视图和响应事件,并且这个例子使用xib来设计界面)。
3.在MyCustomAnnotationView中要实现hitTest:和setSelected:animated:方法,来显示或隐藏气泡。
代码及效果如下:

MyCustomAnnotation.h文件
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

@interface MyCustomAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation> {
    CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
}

@property (nonatomic, readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *maintitle;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *secondtitle;

- (id)initWithLocation:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coord;

@end


MyCustomAnnotation.m文件
#import "MyCustomAnnotation.h"

@implementation MyCustomAnnotation
@synthesize coordinate;

- (id)initWithLocation:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coord {
    self = [super init];
    if (self) {
        coordinate = coord;
        
    }
    return self;
}
@end


MyCustomAnnotationView.h
#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
#import "CustomCalloutViewController.h"
@class MyCustomAnnotation;
@interface MyCustomAnnotationView : MKPinAnnotationView
- (id)initWithAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation reuseIdentifier:(NSString *)reuseIdentifier;
@property(strong,nonatomic)CustomCalloutViewController *calloutViewController;
@property(strong,nonatomic)MyCustomAnnotation *myCustomAnnotation;
@end


MyCustomAnnotationView.m
#import "MyCustomAnnotationView.h"
#import "MyCustomAnnotation.h"
@implementation MyCustomAnnotationView

- (id)initWithAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation reuseIdentifier:(NSString *)reuseIdentifier
{
    self = [super initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:reuseIdentifier];
    if (self)
    {
        // Set the frame size to the appropriate values.
        CGRect  myFrame = self.frame;
        myFrame.size.width = 20;
        myFrame.size.height = 20;
        self.frame = myFrame;
        
        // The opaque property is YES by default. Setting it to
        // NO allows map content to show through any unrendered parts of your view.
        self.opaque = NO;
        self.canShowCallout = NO;
        
        self.calloutViewController = [[CustomCalloutViewController alloc] initWithNibName:@"CustomCalloutView" bundle:nil];
        self.myCustomAnnotation = (MyCustomAnnotation *)annotation;

    }
    return self;
}

- (UIView *)hitTest:(CGPoint)point withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
{
    UIView *hitView = [super hitTest:point withEvent:event];
    if (hitView == nil && self.selected) {
        CGPoint pointInAnnotationView = [self.superview convertPoint:point toView:self];
        UIView *calloutView = self.calloutViewController.view;
        hitView = [calloutView hitTest:pointInAnnotationView withEvent:event];
    }
    return hitView;
}

- (void)setSelected:(BOOL)selected animated:(BOOL)animated
{
    [super setSelected:selected animated:YES];
    
    // Get the custom callout view.
    UIView *calloutView = self.calloutViewController.view;
    if (selected) {
        self.calloutViewController.maintitle.text = self.myCustomAnnotation.maintitle;
        self.calloutViewController.secondtitle.text = self.myCustomAnnotation.secondtitle;
        
        CGRect annotationViewBounds = self.bounds;
        CGRect calloutViewFrame = calloutView.frame;
        if (calloutViewFrame.origin.x==annotationViewBounds.origin.x) {
            // Center the callout view above and to the right of the annotation view.
            calloutViewFrame.origin.x  -= (calloutViewFrame.size.width - annotationViewBounds.size.width) * 0.5;
            calloutViewFrame.origin.y -= (calloutViewFrame.size.height);
            calloutView.frame = calloutViewFrame;
        }
        
        [self addSubview:calloutView];
    } else {
        [calloutView removeFromSuperview];
    }
}
@end


CustomCalloutViewController.h文件
@interface CustomCalloutViewController : UIViewController{
    UILabel *labTitle;
}

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *maintitle;
@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *secondtitle;

@end
CustomCalloutViewController.m文件
@implementation CustomCalloutViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
    [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
}

@end


View:viewForAnnotation:代理方法:

- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView
            viewForAnnotation:(id <MKAnnotation>)annotation
{
<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>MyCustomAnnotationView *annotationView = (MyCustomAnnotationView *)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:@"MyCustomAnnotationView"];
        if (!annotationView) {
            annotationView = [[MyCustomAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:@"MyCustomAnnotationView"];
            annotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"myimage"];        
        }
        return annotationView;    
}



另外,还能实现导航等功能,有时间再继续写,先去吃个小面,Demo代码明天上传。
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