SQL查询初学者指南读书笔记(一)关系数据库和SQL介绍

PART I:Relational Databases and SQL

Chapter2, Ensuring Your Database Structure IsSound.
数据库设计准则

什么是关系数据库
RDBMS (A Relational database management systems)关系数据库

Tables
Tables are the mainstructures in the database. Each table always represents a
single, specific subject.

Fields
A field is the smallest structure in the database, and it represents a characteristic
of the subject of the table to which it belongs.


Records
A record represents a unique instance of the subject of a table.


Keys
Keys are special fields that play very specific roles with in a table.eg.

primary key

foreign key


主键的最主要作用是保证数据记录的唯一性，就是说主键约束要保证在一个数据库表里的所有的数据记录都是不同的个体，例如：***号码可以保证一个人在大陆范围内是一个独立的个体（弄错了的不算），即一个***号码不能标识两个人或两个***号码标识一个人。所以主键是从现有的数据里分析出来的，不是设计人员随意加上去的。


Relationships

one-to-one

one-to-many

many-to-many