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c++11实现一个简单的lexical_cast

2015-05-28 21:48 651 查看
  boost中有一个lexical_cast可以用统一的方式来做基本类型之间的转换,比如字符串到数字,数字到字符串,bool和字符串及数字之间的相互转换。boost::lexical_cast的用法比较简单:

#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#define ERROR_LEXICAL_CAST     1
int main()
{
using boost::lexical_cast;
int         a = 0;
double        b = 0.0;
std::string s = "";
int            e = 0;
try
{
// ----- 字符串 --> 数值
a = lexical_cast<int>("123");
b = lexical_cast<double>("123.12");
// ----- 数值 --> 字符串
s = lexical_cast<std::string>("123456.7");
// ----- 异常处理演示
e = lexical_cast<int>("abc");
}
catch(boost::bad_lexical_cast& e)
{
// bad lexical cast: source type value could not be interpreted as target
std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
return ERROR_LEXICAL_CAST;
}

std::cout << a << std::endl;    // 输出:123
std::cout << b << std::endl;    // 输出:123.12
std::cout << s << std::endl;     // 输出:123456.7
return 0;
}


View Code
  c++11中缺少lexical_cast方法,但是c++11已经提供了一些基本类型转换的方法,比如to_string, atoi, atof等等,但是我们不能通过一种通用的方式来做基本类型转换,因此我希望做一个类似boost的lexical_cast做基本类型的转换,这也是我们的c++社区的一个开发计划

  由于c++11已经提供了一些便利的方法,我要做的事情就变得很简单了,就是把他们糅合在一起并提供一个统一的lexical_cast的方法即可。

  实现思路也很简单,转换主要有这几种:1.数字到字符串的转换;2.字符串到数字的转换;3.bool与字符串的相互转换;4.数字转换为bool;具体的实现代码如下:

#include <type_traits>
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

namespace detail
{
const char* strue = "true";
const char* sfalse = "false";

template <typename To, typename From>
struct Converter
{
};

//to numeric
template <typename From>
struct Converter<int, From>
{
static int convert(const From& from)
{
return std::atoi(from);
}
};

template <typename From>
struct Converter<long, From>
{
static long convert(const From& from)
{
return std::atol(from);
}
};

template <typename From>
struct Converter<long long, From>
{
static long long convert(const From& from)
{
return std::atoll(from);
}
};

template <typename From>
struct Converter<double, From>
{
static double convert(const From& from)
{
return std::atof(from);
}
};

template <typename From>
struct Converter<float, From>
{
static float convert(const From& from)
{
return (float)std::atof(from);
}
};

//to bool
template <typename From>
struct Converter<bool, From>
{
static typename std::enable_if<std::is_integral<From>::value, bool>::type convert(From from)
{
return !!from;
}
};

bool checkbool(const char* from, const size_t len, const char* s)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
if (from[i] != s[i])
{
return false;
}
}

return true;
}

static bool convert(const char* from)
{
const unsigned int len = strlen(from);
if (len != 4 && len != 5)
throw std::invalid_argument("argument is invalid");

bool r = true;
if (len == 4)
{
r = checkbool(from, len, strue);

if (r)
return true;
}
else
{
r = checkbool(from, len, sfalse);

if (r)
return false;
}

throw std::invalid_argument("argument is invalid");
}

template <>
struct Converter<bool, string>
{
static bool convert(const string& from)
{
return detail::convert(from.c_str());
}
};

template <>
struct Converter<bool, const char*>
{
static bool convert(const char* from)
{
return detail::convert(from);
}
};

template <>
struct Converter<bool, char*>
{
static bool convert(char* from)
{
return detail::convert(from);
}
};

template <unsigned N>
struct Converter<bool, const char
>
{
static bool convert(const char(&from)
)
{
return detail::convert(from);
}
};

template <unsigned N>
struct Converter<bool, char
>
{
static bool convert(const char(&from)
)
{
return detail::convert(from);
}
};

//to string
template <typename From>
struct Converter<string, From>
{
static string convert(const From& from)
{
return std::to_string(from);
}
};
}

template <typename To, typename From>
typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<To, From>::value, To>::type lexical_cast(const From& from)
{
return detail::Converter<To, From>::convert(from);
}

template <typename To, typename From>
typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<To, From>::value, To>::type lexical_cast(const From& from)
{
return from;
}


前后花了一个多小时,一个基本的类型转换类就完成了,再测试一下吧,测试代码:

void test()
{
cout<<lexical_cast<int>(1)<<endl;
cout << lexical_cast<int>("1") << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<long>("1") << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<string>(1) << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<bool>(1) << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<double>("1.2") << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<float>("1.2") << endl;
string s = "true";
cout << lexical_cast<bool>(s) << endl;
char* p = "false";
cout << lexical_cast<bool>(p) << endl;
const char* q = "false";
cout << lexical_cast<bool>(q) << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<bool>("false") << endl;
cout << lexical_cast<bool>("test") << endl;
}

int main()
{
try
{
test();
}
catch (const std::exception& e)
{
cout << e.what() << endl;
}

return 0;
}


测试结果:

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