[转]在ubuntu linux下以编译方式安装LAMP(apache mysql php)环境

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最近转向到了使用ubuntu做桌面，安装好系统以来一直都没配置lamp开发环境。由于很久以来没有自己编译安装过apache php mysql了有些手生，决定再实践一下。最近一次安装web环境是在centos下装nginx php + fastcgi。虽然以前在centos freebsd下都装过amp环境，但大多是依照网络上的阿哥的步骤一步步来，早在好几年前那些阿哥的文章就靠不住了，都是抄来抄去的东西，最可恨的是他们也不查验下是否真的能安装就堂而皇之的抄去博客里放着。以前我就深受其害，可能要找3，5套文章方案才能最终成功，这次本人决定尽量不按别人的博客的步骤来，通过读./configure --help的输出参数，结合一些博客中的经验来安装，做到知其然，知其所以然！

目标:
以源码编译的方式安装一个lamp服务器，有下列php扩展或功能，memcache, xcache, pdo, zip, imagemagick等

软件环境版本
ubuntu 9.10
apache 2.2.14
mysql 5.1.14
php 5.3.1

软件下载地址
/home/eric/下载/software/dev/server/lamp/
安装目标目录
/usr/local/webserver

最终安装后要形成的路径
apache: /usr/local/webserver/apache
mysql: /usr/local/webserver/mysql
php: /usr/local/webserver/php

下载相关软件
# cd /home/eric/下载/software/dev/server/lamp
# wget http://apache.freelamp.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz # wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.cs.pu.edu.tw/ # wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/Libmcrypt/2.5.8/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz/download # wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mcrypt/files/MCrypt/2.6.8/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz/download # wget http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz # wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz # wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mhash/files/mhash/0.9.9.9/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz/download # wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz # wget ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/graphics/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz # wget http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.3.0.tgz # wget http://xcache.lighttpd.net/pub/Releases/1.3.0/xcache-1.3.0.tar.gz
0, 先安装基本支持库
这个适用于debian/ubuntu, centos用yum安装，得自己查找相应的包名。也可以一个一个自己下载回来手工编译，这些库将在安装php及其他软件时被使用到。

# apt-get install libjpeg62 libjpeg62-dev libpng12-0 libpng-12-0-dev libfeetype6 libfreetype6-dev libxml2 libxml2-dev zlib1g zlib1g-dev libcurl3 libcur3-dev libncurses5-dev libperl-dev bison

!! 如果没装libperl-dev,在安装ImageMagick时会遇到麻烦。如果缺少bison，则会一切安装顺利，但当apache load libphp5.so时会报错#ff0000 symbol: zend_parse_parameters。

1, 安装mysql
# cd /home/eric/下载/software/dev/server/lamp/
# tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz
或者使用下面解压
gunzip < mysql-5.1.44.tar.gz | tar -xvf -

为运行mysql建个新组和一个新用户名
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -g mysql mysql

# cd mysql-5.1.44
下面进行配置，mysql需要libncurses5-dev否则会出现 error: no curses/termcap library，先要确认自己系统里安装过libncurses5-dev，如果没有的话configure时会出错，我电脑上就没有，先用apt-get安装之，centos系统则用yum，包名可以自己查询一下。参见步骤0 - 安装基本支持库

# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --enable-assembler --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-local-infile --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-thread-safe-client --with-plugins=innobase
# make
# make install
# cd support-files
# cp my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/etc/my.cnf
# cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql

#bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data
在这里如果不指定basedir,datadir则会报错找不到mysqld
调整权限
# chown -R root .
# chown -R mysql lib data etc
# chgrp -R mysql .

启动mysql
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/etc/my.cnf &

链接上mysql
mysql -uroot -S /tmp/mysql.sock

停止mysql
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -uxxx -pxxx -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown

遇到的问题，若不用mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock指定，则mysql客户端会去读/etc/mysql/my.cnf配置文件，目前尚不知道该mysql client是在何时安装的。而且位于新力得包管理器里，可能是在安装mysql workbench时由于依赖关系被安装上去的。

2, 安装apache
# cd /home/eric/下载/software/dev/server/lamp/
# tar zxvf httpd-2.2.14.tar.gz
# cd lamp/httpd-2.2.14
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/apache --enable-so --enable-mods-shared=all
# make
# make install

# cd /usr/local/webserver/apache
修改apache配置文件
# vi conf/httpd.conf
搜索LoadModule,在下面加上
LoadMOdule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule alias_module modules/mod_alias.so
LoadModule autoindex_module modules/mod_autoindex.so
LoadModule deflate_module modules/mod_deflate.so
LoadModule dir_module modules/mod_dir.so
LoadModule userdir_module modules/mod_userdir.so
LoadModule env_module modules/mod_env.so
LoadModule expires_module modules/mod_expires.so
LoadModule mime_module modules/mod_mime.so
LoadModule vhost_alias_module modules/mod_vhost_alias.so
LoadModule authz_host_module modules/mod_authz_host.so
LoadModule log_config_module modules/mod_log_config.so

将
<Directory />
</Directory>
和
<Directory "/usr/local/webserver/apache/htdocs">
</Directory>
俩节相应的部分改为 (如有必要，比如不使用虚拟主机来跑网站，要设置虚拟主机可以修改/etc/hosts来增加一点虚拟的域名)
AllowOverride All
Order allow,deny
Allow from all

Shift + G 转到配置文件末尾
取消掉对Virtual hosts和various default settings俩项include的注释

启动apache
/usr/local/webserver/apache/bin/apachectl -k start
关闭apache
/usr/local/webserver/apache/bin/apachectl -k stop
重启apache
/usr/local/webserver/apache/bin/apachectl -k restart

3, 安装php和一些扩展
3.1 安装编译php5.3所需的基本支持库
# cd /home/eric/下载/software/dev/server/lamp/
# tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
# cd libiconv-1.13.1
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local
# make
# make install
# cd ..

# tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
# cd libmcrypt-2.5.8
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# /sbin/ldconfig
# cd libltdl
# ./configure --enable-ltdl-install
# make
# make install
# cd ../..

# tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
# cd mhash-0.9.9.9
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# cd ..

# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1

# tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
# cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
# /sbin/ldconfig
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# cd ../

没有先安装libperl-dev的话，这里make install会遇到麻烦，而在centos服务器上似乎无此问题
# tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
# cd ImageMagick-6.6.0-0
# ./configure
# make
# make install
# cd ..

3.2 安装php
# tar zxvf php-5.3.1.tar.gz
# cd php-5.3.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/webserver/apache/bin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
# make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
# make install
# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
# cd ..

3.3 安装php扩展模块
# tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
# cd memcache-2.2.5/
# /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
# make
# make install
# cd ../

# tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
# cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
# /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
# make
# make install
# cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-2.3.0.tgz
cd imagick-2.3.0/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

安装xcache
# tar zxvf xcache-1.3.0.tar.gz
# /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
# ./configure --enable-xcache --enable-xcache-coverager --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
# make
# make install
# cat xcache.ini >> /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

开始修改php.ini，要确保 xcache.so 加载位置在任何其他的zend_extension=***语句之前。

查找 extension_dir
将它修改为
extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"
并在此行下面添加一下几行
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"

将[xcache-common]节里的
zend_extension = /usr/local/lib/php/extensions/non-debug-non-zts-xxx/xcache.so 注释掉
在其下面添加一行
zend_extension = /usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/xcache.so

4, 整合apache与php
# vi /usr/local/webserver/apache/conf/httpd.conf

找到
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html
</IfModule>
将其改为
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.htm
</IfModule>

找到 Addtype application/x-gzip .tgz
在它下面添加一行
Addtype application/x-httpd-php .php

5, 创建一个测试用虚拟主机

# vi /etc/hosts
添加俩行
127.0.0.1 test.local
127.0.0.1 www.test.local

下面为apache添加一个虚拟主机
# cd /usr/local/webserver/apache/conf/extra/
# vi httpd-vhosts.conf
将配置文件中原先俩个用来演示的配置注释掉，添加如下指令
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin greathqy@gmail.com
DocumentRoot "/home/eric/projects/php/testing"
ServerName www.test.local
ErrorLog "logs/testing-error_log"
CustomLog "logs/testing-access_log" common

<Directory "/home/eric/projects/php/testing">
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride All
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>
保存并关闭

6, 启动apache mysql
# /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/etc/my.cnf &
# /usr/local/webserver/apache/bin/apachectl -k start

转到 /home/eric/projects/php/testing
创建一个新文件 test.php
输入
<?php
phpinfo()
?>

在浏览器输入 http://www.test.local/test.php
呈现出phpinfo页面，可以看到curl, gd, iconv, imagick, mbstring, memcache, mcrypt, mysql, mysqli, pdo mysql, xcache, zip等扩展和支持都已经完成了。

可以尝试用php链接下mysql试试，将test.php修改为

<?php
//phpinfo();

$handle = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "") or die("unable connect to mysql");

if ($handle) {
mysql_select_db("test", $handle) or die("can't select db");
}

echo "connected to mysql <Br />";

$sql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (`username` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL) ENGINE=MYISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8";

mysql_query($sql, $handle) or die("can't query database");

echo "data table created";

echo mysql_info();
?>

保存刷新test.php，可以看到输出:
connected to mysql
data table created

到这里为止一个适用于开发环境的lamp算是配置成功了。

文章作者: eric
博客地址: http://eleganthqy.cnblogs.com 联系邮件: greathqy #[AT] gmail.com