图像处理与计算机视觉基础,经典以及最近发展(二)
2015-05-24 15:00
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11. Image Interpolation
图像插值,偶尔也用得上。一般来说,双三次也就够了[2000 TMI] Interpolation revisited
12.
Image Matting
也就是最近,我才知道这个词翻译成中文是抠图,比较难听,不知道是谁开始这么翻译的。没有研究,请看文章以及Richard Szeliski的相关章节。以色列美女Levin在这方面有两篇PAMI。[2008 Fnd] Image and Video Matting A Survey
[2008 PAMI] A Closed-Form Solution to Natural Image Matting
[2008 PAMI] Spectral Matting
13.
Image Modeling
图像的统计模型。这方面有一本专门的著作Natural Image Statistics[1994] The statistics of natural images
[2003 JMIV] On Advances in Statistical Modeling of Natural Images
[2009 IJCV] Fields of Experts
[2009 PAMI] Modeling multiscale subbands of photographic images with fields of Gaussian scale mixtures
14.
Image Quality Assessment
在图像质量评价方面,Bovik是首屈一指的。这位老师也很有意思,作为编辑出版了很多书。他也是IEEE的Fellow[2004 TIP] Image quality assessment from error visibility to structural similarity
[2011 TIP] blind image quality assessment From Natural Scene Statistics to Perceptual Quality
15.
Image Registration
图像配准最早的应用在医学图像上,在图像融合之前需要对图像进行配准。在现在的计算机视觉中,配准也是一个需要理解的概念,比如跟踪,拼接等。在KLT中,也会涉及到配准。这里主要是综述文献。[1992 MIA] Image matching as a diffusion process
[1992 PAMI] A Method for Registration of 3-D shapes
[1992] a survey of image registration techniques
[1998 MIA] A survey of medical image registration
[2003 IVC] Image registration methods a survey
[2003 TMI] Mutual-Information-Based Registration of Medical Survey
[2011 TIP] Hairis registration
16.
Image Retrieval
图像检索曾经很热,在2000年之后似乎消停了一段时间。最近各种图像的不变性特征提出来之后,再加上互联网搜索的商业需求,这个方向似乎又要火起来了,尤其是在商业界,比如淘淘搜。这仍然是一个非常值得关注的方面。而且图像检索与目标识别具有相通之处,比如特征提取和特征降维。这方面的文章值得一读。在最后给出了两篇Bookchapter,其中一篇还是中文的。
[2000 PAMI] Content-based image retrieval at the end of the early years
[2000 TIP] PicToSeek Combining Color and Shape Invariant Features for Image Retrieval
[2002] Content-Based Image Retrieval Systems A Survey
[2008] Content-Based Image Retrieval-Literature Survey
[2010] Plant Image Retrieval Using Color,Shape and Texture Features
[2012 PAMI] A Multimedia Retrieval Framework Based on Semi-Supervised Ranking and Relevance Feedback
CBIR Chinese
fundament of cbir
17.
Image Segmentation
图像分割,非常基本但又非常难的一个问题。建议看Sonka和冈萨雷斯的书。这里给出几篇比较好的文章,再次看到了J Malik。他们给出了源代码和测试集,有兴趣的话可以试试。[2004 IJCV] Efficient Graph-Based Image Segmentation
[2008 CVIU] Image segmentation evaluation A survey of unsupervised methods
[2011 PAMI] Contour Detection and Hierarchical Image Segmentation
18.
Level Set
大名鼎鼎的水平集,解决了Snake固有的缺点。Level set的两位提出者Sethian和Osher最后反目,实在让人遗憾。个人以为,这种方法除了迭代比较费时,在真实场景中的表现让人生疑。不过,2008年ECCV上的PWP方法在结果上很吸引人。在重初始化方面,ChunmingLi给出了比较好的解决方案
[1995 PAMI] Shape modeling with front propagation_ a level set approach
[2001 JCP] Level Set Methods_ An Overview and Some Recent Results
[2005 CVIU] Geodesic active regions and level set methods for motion estimation and tracking
[2007 IJCV] A Review of Statistical Approaches to Level Set Segmentation
[2008 ECCV] Robust Real-Time Visual Tracking using Pixel-Wise Posteriors
[2010 TIP] Distance Regularized Level Set Evolution and its Application to Image Segmentation
19.
Pyramid
其实小波变换就是一种金字塔分解算法,而且具有无失真重构和非冗余的优点。Adelson在1983年提出的Pyramid优点是比较简单,实现起来比较方便。[1983] The Laplacian Pyramid as a Compact Image Code
20.
Radon Transform
Radon变换也是一种很重要的变换,它构成了图像重建的基础。关于图像重建和radon变换,可以参考章毓晋老师的书,讲的比较清楚。[1993 PAMI] Image representation via a finite Radon transform
[1993 TIP] The fast discrete radon transform I theory
[2007 IVC] Generalised finite radon transform for N×N images
21.
Scale Space
尺度空间滤波在现代不变特征中是一个非常重要的概念,有人说SIFT的提出者Lowe是不变特征之父,而Linderburg是不变特征之母。虽然尺度空间滤波是Witkin最早提出的,但其理论体系的完善和应用还是Linderburg的功劳。其在1998年IJCV上的两篇文章值得一读,不管是特征提取方面还是边缘检测方面。[1987] Scale-space filtering
[1990 PAMI] Scale-Space for Discrete Signals
[1994] Scale-space theory A basic tool for analysing structures at different scales
[1998 IJCV] Edge Detection and Ridge Detection with Automatic Scale Selection
[1998 IJCV] Feature Detection with Automatic Scale Selection
22.
Snake
活动轮廓模型,改变了传统的图像分割的方法,用能量收缩的方法得到一个统计意义上的能量最小(最大)的边缘。[1987 IJCV] Snakes Active Contour Models
[1996 ] deformable model in medical image A Survey
[1997 IJCV] geodesic active contour
[1998 TIP] Snakes, shapes, and gradient vector flow
[2000 PAMI] Geodesic active contours and level sets for the detection and tracking of moving objects
[2001 TIP] Active contours without edges
23.
Super Resolution
超分辨率分析。对这个方向没有研究,简单列几篇文章。其中Yang Jianchao的那篇在IEEE上的下载率一直居高不下。[2002] Example-Based Super-Resolution
[2009 ICCV] Super-Resolution from a Single Image
[2010 TIP] Image Super-Resolution Via Sparse Representation
24.
Thresholding
阈值分割是一种简单有效的图像分割算法。这个topic在冈萨雷斯的书里面讲的比较多。这里列出OTSU的原始文章以及一篇不错的综述。[1979 IEEE] OTSU A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms
[2001 JISE] A Fast Algorithm for Multilevel Thresholding
[2004 JEI] Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation
25.
Watershed
分水岭算法是一种非常有效的图像分割算法,它克服了传统的阈值分割方法的缺点,尤其是Marker-Controlled Watershed,值得关注。Watershed在冈萨雷斯的书里面讲的比较详细。[1991 PAMI] Watersheds in digital spaces an efficient algorithm based on immersion simulations
[2001]The Watershed Transform Definitions, Algorithms and Parallelizat on Strategies
五、
计算机视觉
这一章是计算机视觉部分,主要侧重在底层特征提取,视频分析,跟踪,目标检测和识别方面等方面。对于自己不太熟悉的领域比如摄像机标定和立体视觉,仅仅列出上google上引用次数比较多的文献。有一些刚刚出版的文章,个人非常喜欢,也列出来了。
1.
Active Appearance Models
活动表观模型和活动轮廓模型基本思想来源Snake,现在在人脸三维建模方面得到了很成功的应用,这里列出了三篇最早最经典的文章。对这个领域有兴趣的可以从这三篇文章开始入手。[1998 ECCV] Active Appearance Models
[2001 PAMI] Active Appearance Models
2.
Active Shape Models
[1995 CVIU]Active Shape Models-Their Training and Application
3.
Background modeling and subtraction
背景建模一直是视频分析尤其是目标检测中的一项关键技术。虽然最近一直有一些新技术的产生,demo效果也很好,比如基于dynamical texture的方法。但最经典的还是Stauffer等在1999年和2000年提出的GMM方法,他们最大的贡献在于不用EM去做高斯拟合,而是采用了一种迭代的算法,这样就不需要保存很多帧的数据,节省了buffer。Zivkovic在2004年的ICPR和PAMI上提出了动态确定高斯数目的方法,把混合高斯模型做到了极致。这种方法效果也很好,而且易于实现。在OpenCV中有现成的函数可以调用。在背景建模大家族里,无参数方法(2000ECCV)和Vibe方法也值得关注。
[1997 PAMI] Pfinder Real-Time Tracking of the Human Body
[1999 CVPR] Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking
[1999 ICCV] Wallflower Principles and Practice of Background Maintenance
[2000 ECCV] Non-parametric Model for Background Subtraction
[2000 PAMI] Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking
[2002 PIEEE] Background and foreground modeling using nonparametric
kernel density estimation for visual surveillance
[2004 ICPR] Improved adaptive Gaussian mixture model for background subtraction
[2004 PAMI] Recursive unsupervised learning of finite mixture models
[2006 PRL] Efficient adaptive density estimation per image pixel for the task of background subtraction
[2011 TIP] ViBe A Universal Background Subtraction Algorithm for Video Sequences
4.
Bag of Words
词袋,在这方面暂时没有什么研究。列出三篇引用率很高的文章,以后逐步解剖之。[2003 ICCV] Video Google A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos
[2004 ECCV] Visual Categorization with Bags of Keypoints
[2006 CVPR] Beyond bags of features Spatial pyramid matching for recognizing natural scene categories
5.
BRIEF
BRIEF是Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features的简称,是近年来比较受关注的特征描述的方法。ORB也是基于BRIEF的。[2010 ECCV] BRIEF Binary Robust Independent Elementary Features
[2011 ICCV] ORB an efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF
[2012 PAMI] BRIEF Computing a Local Binary Descriptor Very Fast
6.
Camera Calibration and Stereo Vision
非常不熟悉的领域。仅仅列出了十来篇重要的文献,供以后学习。[1979 Marr] A Computational Theory of Human Stereo Vision
[1985] Computational vision and regularization theory
[1987 IEEE] A versatile camera calibration technique for
high-accuracy 3D machine vision metrology using off-the-shelf TV cameras and lenses
[1987] Probabilistic Solution of Ill-Posed Problems in Computational Vision
[1988 PIEEE] Ill-Posed Problems in Early Vision
[1989 IJCV] Kalman Filter-based Algorithms for Estimating Depth from Image Sequences
[1990 IJCV] Relative Orientation
[1990 IJCV] Using vanishing points for camera calibration
[1992 ECCV] Camera self-calibration Theory and experiments
[1992 IJCV] A theory of self-calibration of a moving camera
[1992 PAMI] Camera calibration with distortion models and accuracy evaluation
[1994 IJCV] The Fundamental Matrix Theory, Algorithms, and Stability Analysis
[1994 PAMI] a stereo matching algorithm with an adaptive window theory and experiment
[1999 ICCV] Flexible camera calibration by viewing a plane from unknown orientations
[1999 IWAR] Marker tracking and hmd calibration for a video-based augmented reality conferencing system
[2000 PAMI] A flexible new technique for camera calibration
7.
Color and Histogram Feature
这里面主要来源于图像检索,早期的图像检测基本基于全局的特征,其中最显著的就是颜色特征。这一部分可以和前面的Color知识放在一起的。[1995 SPIE] Similarity of color images
[1996 PR] IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING COLOR AND SHAPE
[1996] comparing images using color coherence vectors
[1997 ] Image Indexing Using Color Correlograms
[2001 TIP] An Efficient Color Representation for Image Retrieval
[2009 CVIU] Performance evaluation of local colour invariants
8.
Deformable Part Model
大红大热的DPM,在OpenCV中有一个专门的topic讲DPM和latent svm[2008 CVPR] A Discriminatively Trained, Multiscale, Deformable Part Model
[2010 CVPR] Cascade Object Detection with Deformable Part Models
[2010 PAMI] Object Detection with Discriminatively Trained Part-Based Models
9.
Distance Transformations
距离变换,在OpenCV中也有实现。用来在二值图像中寻找种子点非常方便。[1986 CVGIP] Distance Transformations in Digital Images
[2008 ACM] 2D Euclidean Distance Transform Algorithms A Comparative Survey
10.
Face Detection
最成熟最有名的当属Haar+Adaboost[1998 PAMI] Neural Network-Based Face Detection
[2002 PAMI] Detecting faces in images a survey
[2002 PAMI] Face Detection in Color Images
[2004 IJCV] Robust Real-Time Face Detection
11.
Face Recognition
不熟悉,简单罗列之。[1991] Face Recognition Using Eigenfaces
[2000 PAMI] Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions The State of the Art
[2000] Face Recognition A Literature Survey
[2006 PR] Face recognition from a single image per person A survey
[2009 PAMI] Robust Face Recognition via Sparse Representation
12.
FAST
用机器学习的方法来提取角点,号称很快很好。[2006 ECCV] Machine learning for high-speed corner detection
[2010 PAMI] Faster and Better A Machine Learning Approach to Corner Detection
13.
Feature Extraction
这里的特征主要都是各种不变性特征,SIFT,Harris,MSER等也属于这一类。把它们单独列出来是因为这些方法更流行一点。关于不变性特征,王永明与王贵锦合著的《图像局部不变性特征与描述》写的还不错。Mikolajczyk在2005年的PAMI上的文章以及2007年的综述是不错的学习材料。[1989 PAMI] On the detection of dominant points on digital curves
[1997 IJCV] SUSAN—A New Approach to Low Level Image Processing
[2004 IJCV] Matching Widely Separated Views Based on Affine Invariant Regions
[2004 IJCV] Scale & Affine Invariant Interest Point Detectors
[2005 PAMI] A performance evaluation of local descriptors
[2006 IJCV] A Comparison of Affine Region Detectors
[2007 FAT] Local Invariant Feature Detectors - A Survey
[2011 IJCV] Evaluation of Interest Point Detectors and Feature Descriptors
14.
Feature Matching
Fua课题组在今年PAMI上的一篇文章,感觉还不错[2012 PAMI] LDAHash Improved Matching with Smaller Descriptors
15.
Harris
虽然过去了很多年,Harris角点检测仍然广泛使用,而且基于它有很多变形。如果仔细看了这种方法,从直观也可以感觉到这是一种很稳健的方法。[1988 Harris] A combined corner and edge detector
16.
Histograms of Oriented Gradients
HoG方法也在OpenCV中实现了:HOGDescriptor。[2005 CVPR] Histograms of Oriented Gradients for Human Detection
NavneetDalalThesis.pdf
17.
Image Distance
[1993 PAMI] Comparing Images Using the Hausdorff Distance
18.
Image Stitching
图像拼接,另一个相关的词是Panoramic。在Computer Vision: Algorithms and Applications一书中,有专门一章是讨论这个问题。这里的两面文章一篇是综述,一篇是这方面很经典的文章。[2006 Fnd] Image Alignment and Stitching A Tutorial
[2007 IJCV] Automatic Panoramic Image Stitching using Invariant Features
19.
KLT
KLT跟踪算法,基于Lucas-Kanade提出的配准算法。除了三篇很经典的文章,最后一篇给出了OpenCV实现KLT的细节。[1981] An Iterative Image Registration Technique with an Application to Stereo Vision full version
[1994 CVPR] Good Features to Track
[2004 IJCV] Lucas-Kanade 20 Years On A Unifying Framework
Pyramidal Implementation of the Lucas Kanade Feature Tracker OpenCV
20.
Local Binary Pattern
LBP。OpenCV的Cascade分类器也支持LBP,用来取代Haar特征。[2002 PAMI] Multiresolution gray-scale and rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
[2004 ECCV] Face Recognition with Local Binary Patterns
[2006 PAMI] Face Description with Local Binary Patterns
[2011 TIP] Rotation-Invariant Image and Video Description With Local Binary Pattern Features
21.
Low-Level Vision
关于Low level vision的两篇很不错的文章[1998 TIP] A general framework for low level vision
[2000 IJCV] Learning Low-Level Vision
22.
Mean Shift
均值漂移算法,在跟踪中非常流行的方法。Comaniciu在这个方面做出了重要的贡献。最后三篇,一篇是CVIU上的top download文章,一篇是最新的PAMI上关于MeanShift的文章,一篇是OpenCV实现的文章。
[1995 PAMI] Mean shift, mode seeking, and clustering
[2002 PAMI] Mean shift a robust approach toward feature space analysis
[2003 CVPR] Mean-shift blob tracking through scale space
[2009 CVIU] Object tracking using SIFT features and mean shift
[2012 PAMI] Mean Shift Trackers with Cross-Bin Metrics
OpenCV Computer Vision Face Tracking For Use in a Perceptual User Interface
23.
MSER
这篇文章发表在2002年的BMVC上,后来直接录用到2004年的IVC上,内容差不多。MSER在Sonka的书里面也有提到。[2002 BMVC] Robust Wide Baseline Stereo from Maximally Stable Extremal Regions
[2003] MSER Author Presentation
[2004 IVC] Robust wide-baseline stereo from maximally stable extremal regions
[2011 PAMI] Are MSER Features Really Interesting
24.
Object Detection
首先要说的是第一篇文章的作者,Kah-Kay Sung。他是MIT的博士,后来到新加坡国立任教,极具潜力的一个老师。不幸的是,他和他的妻子都在2000年的新加坡空难中遇难,让人唏嘘不已。http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore_Airlines_Flight_006
最后一篇文章也是Fua课题组的,作者给出的demo效果相当好。
[1998 PAMI] Example-based learning for view-based human face detection
[2003 IJCV] Learning the Statistics of People in Images and Video
[2011 PAMI] Learning to Detect a Salient Object
[2012 PAMI] A Real-Time Deformable Detector
25.
Object Tracking
跟踪也是计算机视觉中的经典问题。粒子滤波,卡尔曼滤波,KLT,mean shift,光流都跟它有关系。这里列出的是传统意义上的跟踪,尤其值得一看的是2008的Survey和2003年的Kernelbased tracking。
[2003 PAMI] Kernel-based object tracking
[2007 PAMI] Tracking People by Learning Their Appearance
[2008 ACM] Object Tracking A Survey
[2008 PAMI] Segmentation and Tracking of Multiple Humans in Crowded Environments
[2011 PAMI] Hough Forests for Object Detection, Tracking, and Action Recognition
[2011 PAMI] Robust Object Tracking with Online Multiple Instance Learning
[2012 IJCV] PWP3D Real-Time Segmentation and Tracking of 3D Objects
26.
OCR
一个非常成熟的领域,已经很好的商业化了。[1992 IEEE] Historical review of OCR research and development
Video OCR A Survey and Practitioner's Guide
27.
Optical Flow
光流法,视频分析所必需掌握的一种算法。[1981 AI] Determine Optical Flow
[1994 IJCV] Performance of optical flow techniques
[1995 ACM] The Computation of Optical Flow
[2004 TR] Tutorial Computing 2D and 3D Optical Flow
[2005 BOOK] Optical Flow Estimation
[2008 ECCV] Learning Optical Flow
[2011 IJCV] A Database and Evaluation Methodology for Optical Flow
28.
Particle Filter
粒子滤波,主要给出的是综述以及1998 IJCV上的关于粒子滤波发展早期的经典文章。[1998 IJCV] CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation for Visual Tracking
[2002 TSP] A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking
[2002 TSP] Particle filters for positioning, navigation, and tracking
[2003 SPM] particle filter
29.
Pedestrian and Human detection
仍然是综述类,关于行人和人体的运动检测和动作识别。[1999 CVIU] Visual analysis of human movement_ A survey
[2001 CVIU] A Survey of Computer Vision-Based Human Motion Capture
[2005 TIP] Image change detection algorithms a systematic survey
[2006 CVIU] a survey of avdances in vision based human motion capture
[2007 CVIU] Vision-based human motion analysis An overview
[2007 IJCV] Pedestrian Detection via Periodic Motion Analysis
[2007 PR] A survey of skin-color modeling and detection methods
[2010 IVC] A survey on vision-based human action recognition
[2012 PAMI] Pedestrian Detection An Evaluation of the State of the Art
30.
Scene Classification
当相机越来越傻瓜化的时候,自动场景识别就非常重要。这是比拼谁家的Auto功能做的比较好的时候了。[2001 IJCV] Modeling the Shape of the Scene A Holistic Representation of the Spatial Envelope
[2001 PAMI] Visual Word Ambiguity
[2007 PAMI] A Thousand Words in a Scene
[2010 PAMI] Evaluating Color Descriptors for Object and Scene Recognition
[2011 PAMI] CENTRIST A Visual Descriptor for Scene Categorization
31.
Shadow Detection
[2003 PAMI] Detecting moving shadows-- algorithms and evaluation
32.
Shape
关于形状,主要是两个方面:形状的表示和形状的识别。形状的表示主要是从边缘或者区域当中提取不变性特征,用来做检索或者识别。这方面Sonka的书讲的比较系统。2008年的那篇综述在这方面也讲的不错。至于形状识别,最牛的当属JMalik等提出的Shape Context。
[1993 PR] IMPROVED MOMENT INVARIANTS FOR SHAPE DISCRIMINATION
[1993 PR] Pattern Recognition by Affine Moment Invariants
[1996 PR] IMAGE RETRIEVAL USING COLOR AND SHAPE
[2001 SMI] Shape matching similarity measures and algorithms
[2002 PAMI] Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts
[2004 PR] Review of shape representation and description techniques
[2006 PAMI] Integral Invariants for Shape Matching
[2008] A Survey of Shape Feature Extraction Techniques
33.
SIFT
关于SIFT,实在不需要介绍太多,一万多次的引用已经说明问题了。SURF和PCA-SIFT也是属于这个系列。后面列出了几篇跟SIFT有关的问题。[1999 ICCV] Object recognition from local scale-invariant features
[2000 IJCV] Evaluation of Interest Point Detectors
[2003 CVIU] Speeded-Up Robust Features (SURF)
[2004 CVPR] PCA-SIFT A More Distinctive Representation for Local Image Descriptors
[2004 IJCV] Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
[2010 IJCV] Improving Bag-of-Features for Large Scale Image Search
[2011 PAMI] SIFTflow Dense Correspondence across Scenes and its Applications
34.
SLAM
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping, 同步定位与建图。SLAM问题可以描述为: 机器人在未知环境中从一个未知位置开始移动,在移动过程中根据位置估计和地图进行自身定位,同时在自身定位的基础上建造增量式地图,实现机器人的自主定位和导航。
[2002 PAMI] Simultaneous Localization and Map-Building Using Active Vision
[2007 PAMI] MonoSLAM Real-Time Single Camera SLAM
35.
Texture Feature
纹理特征也是物体识别和检索的一个重要特征集。[1973] Textural features for image classification
[1979 ] Statistical and structural approaches to texture
[1996 PAMI] Texture features for browsing and retrieval of image data
[2002 PR] Brief review of invariant texture analysis methods
[2012 TIP] Color Local Texture Features for Color Face Recognition
36.
TLD
Kadal创立了TLD,跟踪学习检测同步进行,达到稳健跟踪的目的。他的两个导师也是大名鼎鼎,一个是发明MSER的Matas,一个是Mikolajczyk。他还创立了一个公司TLDVision s.r.o. 这里给出了他的系列文章,最后一篇是刚出来的PAMI。
[2009] Online learning of robust object detectors during unstable tracking
[2010 CVPR] P-N Learning Bootstrapping Binary Classifiers by Structural Constraints
[2010 ICIP] FACE-TLD TRACKING-LEARNING-DETECTION APPLIED TO FACES
[2012 PAMI] Tracking-Learning-Detection
37.
Video Surveillance
前两篇是两个很有名的视频监控系统,里面包含了很丰富的信息量,比如CMU的那个系统里面的背景建模算法也是相当简单有效的。最后一篇是比较近的综述。[2000 CMU TR] A System for Video Surveillance and Monitoring
[2000 PAMI] W4-- real-time surveillance of people and their activities
[2008 MVA] The evolution of video surveillance an overview
38.
Viola-Jones
Haar+Adaboost的弱弱联手,组成了最强大的利器。在OpenCV里面有它的实现,也可以选择用LBP来代替Haar特征。[2001 CVPR] Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features
[2004 IJCV] Robust Real-time Face Detection
六、
结束语
历时一个多月,终于用业余时间把这些资料整理出来了,总算了却了一块心病,也不至于再看着一堆资料发愁了。以后可能会有些小修小补,但不会有太大的变化了。万里长征走完了第一步,剩下的就是理解和消化了。借新浪ishare共享出来,希望能够对你的科研也有一定的帮助。最后简单统计一下各个年份出现的频率。文章总数:372
2012年: 10
2011年: 20
2010年: 20
2009年: 14
2008年: 18
2007年: 13
2006年: 14
2005年: 9
2004年: 24
2003年: 22
2002年: 21
2001年: 21
2000年: 23
1999年: 10
1998年: 22
1997年: 8
1996年: 9
1995年: 9
1994年: 7
1993年: 5
1992年: 11
1991年: 5
1990年: 6
1980-1989: 22
1960-1979: 9
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