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Oracle DBA课程系列笔记（16）

2015-03-31 11:53 435 查看

第十六章：用户管理

1、schema ： user.object ，用户认证方式：os 认证，database 认证

2、建立 database认证的用户：

10:00:48 SQL> create user rose

10:14:46   2    identified by oracle

10:14:53   3     default tablespace users

10:14:58   4     temporary tablespace temp

10:15:08   5      quota 10m on users

10:15:18   6    password expire;

User created.

10:15:27 SQL> grant create session to rose;

Grant succeeded.

10:15:41 SQL> conn rose/oracle

ERROR:

ORA-28001: the password has expired

Changing password for rose

New password:

Retype new password:

Password changed

Connected.

10:15:47 SQL>

3、建立OS认证（操作系统认证）用户（sys 用户属于os 认证）

10:19:00 SQL> show parameter auth

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

os_authent_prefix                    string      ops$

10:19:00 SQL> show parameter auth

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

os_authent_prefix                    string      ops$

remote_os_authent                    boolean     FALSE

10:19:01 SQL> create user "OPS$ORACLE"

10:19:34   2    identified externally

10:19:42   3     profile default

10:19:49   4      default tablespace users

10:19:53   5      temporary tablespace temp

10:19:59   6         quota 10m on users;

User created.

10:20:07 SQL>

10:20:07 SQL> select username ,account_status from dba_users;

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS

------------------------------ --------------------------------

MGMT_VIEW                      OPEN

SYS                            OPEN

SYSTEM                         OPEN

DBSNMP                         OPEN

SYSMAN                         OPEN

SCOTT                          OPEN

ROSE                           OPEN

OPS$ORACLE                     OPEN

TOM                            OPEN

10:20:55 SQL> select username ,password ,PROFILE,DEFAULT_TABLESPACe,TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE from dba_users;

USERNAME   PASSWORD                       PROFILE    DEFAULT_TABLESPACE             TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE

---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------

MGMT_VIEW 4F538DF5F344F348               DEFAULT    SYSTEM                         TEMP

SYS        8A8F025737A9097A               DEFAULT    SYSTEM                         TEMP

SYSTEM     2D594E86F93B17A1               DEFAULT    SYSTEM                         TEMP

DBSNMP     FFF45BB2C0C327EC               MONITORING SYSAUX                         TEMP

                                          _PROFILE

SYSMAN     2CA614501F09FCCC               DEFAULT    SYSAUX                         TEMP

SCOTT      F894844C34402B67               DEFAULT    USERS                          TEMP

ROSE       1166A1F535AF6EFB               DEFAULT    USERS                          TEMP

OPS$ORACLE EXTERNAL                       DEFAULT    USERS                          TEMP

10:23:05 SQL> grant create session to ops$oracle;

Grant succeeded.

10:23:14 SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[oracle@work ~]$ id

uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba)

[oracle@work ~]$ sqlplus /   ----------登录不需要提供用户名和密码（oracle 必须属于os的dba组）

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 10 10:23:20 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

10:23:20 SQL>

10:23:20 SQL> show user;

USER is "OPS$ORACLE"

10:23:22 SQL>

4、quota 管理：（对象的最大存储空间，用户在表空间上建立对象，必须在相应的tablespace 上获得quota）

10:27:09 SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,USERNAME,bytes/1024,max_bytes/1024/1024 from dba_ts_quotas

10:27:11   2   where username='ROSE';

TABLESPACE_NAME                USERNAME                       BYTES/1024 MAX_BYTES/1024/1024

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------

USERS                          ROSE                                    0                  10

------BYTES 已经使用过的配额，max_bytes 所分配的配额

10:28:18 SQL> grant create table to rose;

Grant succeeded.

10:28:23 SQL> grant select on scott.emp to rose;

Grant succeeded.

10:28:26 SQL> conn rose/rose

Connected.

10:28:29 SQL>

10:28:29 SQL> create table emp1 as select * from scott.emp;

Table created.

10:28:41 SQL> conn /as sysdba

Connected.

10:28:47 SQL>

10:28:47 SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,USERNAME,bytes/1024,max_bytes/1024/1024 from dba_ts_quotas

10:28:50   2 where username='ROSE';

TABLESPACE_NAME                USERNAME                       BYTES/1024 MAX_BYTES/1024/1024

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- -------------------

USERS                          ROSE                                   64                  10

10:28:53 SQL>

-------回收quota

10:29:26 SQL> alter user rose quota 0 on users;

User altered.

10:30:01 SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,USERNAME,bytes/1024,max_bytes/1024/1024 from dba_ts_quotas

10:30:04   2   where username='ROSE';

no rows selected

10:29:30 SQL> conn rose/rose

Connected.

10:29:37 SQL>

10:29:37 SQL> insert into emp1 select * from emp1;

14 rows created.

10:29:51 SQL> /

28 rows created.

10:30:20 SQL> conn rose/rose

Connected.

10:31:51 SQL>

10:31:51 SQL> insert into emp1 select * from emp1;

56 rows created.

10:31:54 SQL> /

112 rows created.

10:31:56 SQL> /

224 rows created.

10:31:57 SQL> /

insert into emp1 select * from emp1

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01536: space quota exceeded for tablespace 'USERS'

10:31:58 SQL> analyze table emp1 compute statistics;

Table analyzed.

10:32:16 SQL> select table_name,num_rows ,blocks,empty_blocks from user_tables;

TABLE_NAME                       NUM_ROWS     BLOCKS EMPTY_BLOCKS

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ------------

EMP1                                  448          8            0

10:32:36 SQL>

5、删除用户：

10:33:56 SQL> select username,sid,serial# from v$session

10:34:08   2   where username is not null;

USERNAME                              SID    SERIAL#

------------------------------ ---------- ----------

SYS                                   153        219

ROSE                                  159         55

10:34:15 SQL>

10:33:40 SQL>

10:33:40 SQL> drop user rose;

drop user rose

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01940: cannot drop a user that is currently connected

------强制关闭用户会话

10:34:15 SQL> alter system kill session '159,55';

System altered.

10:32:36 SQL> select * from emp1;

select * from emp1

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00028: your session has been killed

10:35:23 SQL> drop user rose cascade;

User dropped.

10:36:18 SQL>
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