oracle 11g DG 搭建

原创作品，允许转载，转载时请务必以超链接形式标明文章 原始出处 、作者信息和本声明。否则将追究法律责任。http://yangcheng.blog.51cto.com/1388193/1297625

搭建环境: centos 5.6 oracle 11g r2

primary： 192.168.8.132 str1.example.com str1 主库sid primary

standby: 192.168.8.131 str2.example.com str2 备库sid standby

oracle 11g 软件安装 http://yangcheng.blog.51cto.com/1388193/1209421
primary配置

1.配置静默安装文件

[root@str1 ~]# vi /u01/response/d.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"

OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"

[CREATEDATABASE]

GDBNAME = "primary"

SID = "primary"

TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"

[createTemplateFromDB]

SOURCEDB = "myhost:1521:primary"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "system"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Copy TEMPLATE"

[createCloneTemplate]

SOURCEDB = "primary"

TEMPLATENAME = "My Clone TEMPLATE"

[DELETEDATABASE]

SOURCEDB = "primary"

[generateScripts]

TEMPLATENAME = "New Database"

GDBNAME = "primary"

[CONFIGUREDATABASE]

[ADDINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "primary"

NODELIST=

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

[DELETEINSTANCE]

DB_UNIQUE_NAME = "primary"

INSTANCENAME = "primary"

SYSDBAUSERNAME = "sys"

2.设置oracle 环境变量

[root@str1 ~]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

umask 022

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=primary

export PATH=$PATH:HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

3.安装primary 实列

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responsefile /u01/response/d.rsp

一、打开数据库修改数据库属性

[oracle@str1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba;

1）修改主库属性

SQL> startup mount

SQL> alter database force logging;

2）查看状态

SQL> select FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;

3）修改数据库为归档模式

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oradata/primary/' scope=both;

SQL> alter database archivelog;

4）添加 standby logfile (可不加)

备用日志最少应该比 redo log 多一个

select GROUP#,MEMBERS,BYTES/1024/1024 from v$log;

select GROUP#,MEMBER from v$logfile;

增加 standby logfile

alter database add standby logfile

group 4 ('/u01/app/oradata/primary/redo04.log') size 50m,

group 5 ('/u01/app/oradata/primary/redo05.log') size 50m,

group 6 ('/u01/app/oradata/primary/redo06.log') size 50m,

group 7 ('/u01/app/oradata/primary/redo07.log') size 50m;

---如果要删除 standby logfile

---　删除也同样简单： SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group 4;

5）创建pfile

SQL> create pfile='/u01/app/backup/initprimary.ora' from spfile;

二、修改initprimary.ora

增加内容

vi /u01/app/backup/initprimary.ora

DB_UNIQUE_NAME='primary'

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oradata/primary/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=standby LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

FAL_SERVER=standby

FAL_CLIENT=primary

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

[root@str1 ~]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

primary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.132)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

standby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.131)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TPC)(KEY = EXTPROCO))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = PLSExtProc)

(PRESENTATION = RO)

)

)

三、修改监听

[root@str1 ~]#vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

 

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME= primary)

(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)

(SID_NAME=primary)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = str1)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

四、用pfile启动再重新创建spfile

startup pfile='/u01/app/backup/initprimary.ora'

create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/backup/initprimary.ora';

五、创建口令文件

orapwd file='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwprimary' password=letoula entries=10

六、备份控制文件

alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/backup/controlstb.ctl';

七、传输 pfile ， 口令文件， 控制文件到 standby

[root@str1 ~]# scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwprimary
oracle@192.168.8.131:/u01/app/backup

[root@str1 ~]# scp /u01/app/backup/controlstb.ctl
oracle@192.168.8.131:/u01/app/backup

[root@str1 ~]# scp /u01/app/backup/initprimary.ora
oracle@192.168.8.131:/u01/app/backup

八、传输数据文件

[root@str1 ~]# scp /u01/app/oradata/primary/*
root@192.168.8.131:/u01/app/oradata/primary/ --standby创建primary目录

主数据库暂时配置完毕

--------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------

standby 配置

oracle用户登录到standby服务器

1、修改oracle环境变量

[root@str2 primary]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

umask 022

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=standby

export PATH=$PATH:HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

2、将控制文件复制到对应的目录：cp /u01/app/backup/controlstb.ctl /u01/app/oradata/primary/control01.ctl

3、将密码文件复制到对应的目录：cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwprimary
oracle@192.168.8.131:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwprimary

4、备用服务器相应目录创建

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/flash_recovery_area/primary

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/primary

cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/primary

[oracle@str2 standby]$ mkdir adump

m[oracle@str2 standby]$ mkdir bdump

[oracle@str2 standby]$ mkdir cdump

[oracle@str2 standby]$ mkdir dpdump

[oracle@str2 standby]$ mkdir pfile

[oracle@str2 standby]$ mkdir udump

5、修改初始化参数

[root@str2 primary]# vi /u01/app/backup/inits
4000
tandby.ora

standby.__db_cache_size=197132288

standby.__java_pool_size=4194304

standby.__large_pool_size=4194304

standby.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

standby.__pga_aggregate_target=104857600

standby.__sga_target=314572800

standby.__shared_io_pool_size=0

standby.__shared_pool_size=100663296

standby.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/admin/primary/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'

*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/primary/control01.ctl','/u01/app/flash_recovery_area/primary/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='primary'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=standbyXDB)'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=104857600

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sga_target=314572800

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

DB_UNIQUE_NAME='standby'

log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(primary,standby)'

log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oradata/primary/archivelog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=primary LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=primary'

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

FAL_SERVER=primary

FAL_CLIENT=standby

STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

6、修改备用服务器tns.ora listen.ora信息

[root@str2 primary]# vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

primary =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.132)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

standby =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.8.131)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA=

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL =TPC)(KEY = EXTPROCO))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = PLSExtProc)

(PRESENTATION = RO)

)

)

7、重启监听 lsnrctl stop

lsnrctl start

8、测试监听是否正常(也是判别密码文件是否正确传到standby服务器的好东东，避免权限问题))

在主库上面使用 sqlplus sys/oracle@standby as sysdba

sqlplus sys/oracle@primary as sysdba

9、用创建的备份服务器参数启动数据库到nomount

startup pfile='/u01/app/backup/initstandby.ora' nomount

alter database mount standby database;

创建spfile文件

create spfile from pfile='/u01/app/backup/initstandby.ora';

修改数据库处于应用归档状态

alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

通过下列语句暂停redo应用。

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

只读模式打开数据库

alter database open read only;

配置完成

----------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------

判断配置是否成功，主要通过查看主数据库归档日志的sequence是否一致 查看方法

SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

--------------

55

通过在主库执行alter system switch logfile; 切换日志，可以观察到备库会自动应用通过主库传过来的日志

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

查询数据库状态 SQL> select status from v$instance;

查询归档日志是否应用（应用需要点时间）SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log where applied='YES' order by sequence#;

查看主库DG状态：

SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS

--------------------

TO STANDBY

日志测试：

在primary库上执行

SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> create table y(y int);

Table created.

SQL> insert into y values(1);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

在standby 库上执行

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;

只读模式打开数据库

alter database open read only;

SQL> conn scott/tiger

Connected.

SQL> select * from y;

Y

----------

1