微信公众平台 java示例 接收消息并回复

最近公司在开发微信项目，所以自己也试着申请了个人的订阅服务号，实现了通过微信接收信息转发至java后台解析并回复的消息的简单功能，在还没忘记的时候记录一下，以便日后查阅，并且贡献出代码希望能给大家一个参考。

好首先你要看下面的示例，要事先申请微信公众平台的订阅服务号(个人只能申请这个)，地址https://mp.weixin.qq.com ，申请的范例我这里就不讲了，一般根据提示可以自行完成，如果这都完成不了，那只能去度娘翻翻了。

要想让用户发送给公众帐号的消息转发给java后台服务器，首先要 在开发者中心 进行 服务器配置
，

下图为认证启动后小效果：

你要先进入到 修改配置里面，如下图：

你要填写这几个文本框内的内容，

1.URL 不用解释了,就是微信将用户发来的消息转发到你服务器的请求的地址，我让微信把请求发送到本地服务这样方便调试。

推荐一款反向代理的工具 pagekite.net ，感兴趣的朋友可以去搜索一下。使用相当方便，就是需要python2.7.x环境支持，然后运行下载的一个脚本，输入你的邮箱，然后在输入你要设置的域名前缀，就搞定，下次运行就不用在输入，它影射的是本地80端口，所以你启动服务的时候记得改成80端口就对了，还有这个貌似对于一个邮箱只有31天和5个连接的限制，PS:邮箱这东西都是免费的，你懂的。

2.Token:这个长度符合就行 自己随意

3.EncodingAESKey：点击随机生成 就OK

下面介绍我的代码：

我的开发环境是eclipse+springMvc

"/chat" 是我最终项目的请求Controller URL路径

下面是homecontroller

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/*")
public class HomeController {

private String Token = "123456789abcdef";

@RequestMapping(value = "chat", method = { RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST })
@ResponseBody
public void liaotian(Model model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
System.out.println("进入chat");
boolean isGet = request.getMethod().toLowerCase().equals("get");
if (isGet) {
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");
System.out.println(signature);
System.out.println(timestamp);
System.out.println(nonce);
System.out.println(echostr);
access(request, response);
} else {
// 进入POST聊天处理
System.out.println("enter post");
try {
// 接收消息并返回消息
acceptMessage(request, response);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/**
* 验证URL真实性
*
* @author morning
* @date 2015年2月17日 上午10:53:07
* @param request
* @param response
* @return String
*/
private String access(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
// 验证URL真实性
System.out.println("进入验证access");
String signature = request.getParameter("signature");// 微信加密签名
String timestamp = request.getParameter("timestamp");// 时间戳
String nonce = request.getParameter("nonce");// 随机数
String echostr = request.getParameter("echostr");// 随机字符串
List<String> params = new ArrayList<String>();
params.add(Token);
params.add(timestamp);
params.add(nonce);
// 1. 将token、timestamp、nonce三个参数进行字典序排序
Collections.sort(params, new Comparator<String>() {
@Override
public int compare(String o1, String o2) {
return o1.compareTo(o2);
}
});
// 2. 将三个参数字符串拼接成一个字符串进行sha1加密
String temp = SHA1.encode(params.get(0) + params.get(1) + params.get(2));
if (temp.equals(signature)) {
try {
response.getWriter().write(echostr);
System.out.println("成功返回 echostr：" + echostr);
return echostr;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("失败 认证");
return null;
}

private void acceptMessage(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
// 处理接收消息
ServletInputStream in = request.getInputStream();
// 将POST流转换为XStream对象
XStream xs = SerializeXmlUtil.createXstream();
xs.processAnnotations(InputMessage.class);
xs.processAnnotations(OutputMessage.class);
// 将指定节点下的xml节点数据映射为对象
xs.alias("xml", InputMessage.class);
// 将流转换为字符串
StringBuilder xmlMsg = new StringBuilder();
byte[] b = new byte[4096];
for (int n; (n = in.read(b)) != -1;) {
xmlMsg.append(new String(b, 0, n, "UTF-8"));
}
// 将xml内容转换为InputMessage对象
InputMessage inputMsg = (InputMessage) xs.fromXML(xmlMsg.toString());

String servername = inputMsg.getToUserName();// 服务端
String custermname = inputMsg.getFromUserName();// 客户端
long createTime = inputMsg.getCreateTime();// 接收时间
Long returnTime = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis() / 1000;// 返回时间

// 取得消息类型
String msgType = inputMsg.getMsgType();
// 根据消息类型获取对应的消息内容
if (msgType.equals(MsgType.Text.toString())) {
// 文本消息
System.out.println("开发者微信号：" + inputMsg.getToUserName());
System.out.println("发送方帐号：" + inputMsg.getFromUserName());
System.out.println("消息创建时间：" + inputMsg.getCreateTime() + new Date(createTime * 1000l));
System.out.println("消息内容：" + inputMsg.getContent());
System.out.println("消息Id：" + inputMsg.getMsgId());

StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer();
str.append("<xml>");
str.append("<ToUserName><![CDATA[" + custermname + "]]></ToUserName>");
str.append("<FromUserName><![CDATA[" + servername + "]]></FromUserName>");
str.append("<CreateTime>" + returnTime + "</CreateTime>");
str.append("<MsgType><![CDATA[" + msgType + "]]></MsgType>");
str.append("<Content><![CDATA[你说的是：" + inputMsg.getContent() + "，吗？]]></Content>");
str.append("</xml>");
System.out.println(str.toString());
response.getWriter().write(str.toString());
}
// 获取并返回多图片消息
if (msgType.equals(MsgType.Image.toString())) {
System.out.println("获取多媒体信息");
System.out.println("多媒体文件id：" + inputMsg.getMediaId());
System.out.println("图片链接：" + inputMsg.getPicUrl());
System.out.println("消息id，64位整型：" + inputMsg.getMsgId());

OutputMessage outputMsg = new OutputMessage();
outputMsg.setFromUserName(servername);
outputMsg.setToUserName(custermname);
outputMsg.setCreateTime(returnTime);
outputMsg.setMsgType(msgType);
ImageMessage images = new ImageMessage();
images.setMediaId(inputMsg.getMediaId());
outputMsg.setImage(images);
System.out.println("xml转换：/n" + xs.toXML(outputMsg));
response.getWriter().write(xs.toXML(outputMsg));

}
}

}

加密SHA1，此代码是来自网上

/*
* 微信公众平台(JAVA) SDK
*
* Copyright (c) 2014, Ansitech Network Technology Co.,Ltd All rights reserved.
* http://www.ansitech.com/weixin/sdk/ *
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.mor.util;

import java.security.MessageDigest;

/**
* <p>
* Title: SHA1算法
* </p>
*
*/
public final class SHA1 {

private static final char[] HEX_DIGITS = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };

/**
* Takes the raw bytes from the digest and formats them correct.
*
* @param bytes
*            the raw bytes from the digest.
* @return the formatted bytes.
*/
private static String getFormattedText(byte[] bytes) {
int len = bytes.length;
StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(len * 2);
// 把密文转换成十六进制的字符串形式
for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
buf.append(HEX_DIGITS[(bytes[j] >> 4) & 0x0f]);
buf.append(HEX_DIGITS[bytes[j] & 0x0f]);
}
return buf.toString();
}

public static String encode(String str) {
if (str == null) {
return null;
}
try {
MessageDigest messageDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
messageDigest.update(str.getBytes());
return getFormattedText(messageDigest.digest());
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}

输入信息实体类 InputMessage

<pre name="code" class="java">/*
* 微信公众平台(JAVA) SDK
*
* Copyright (c) 2014, Ansitech Network Technology Co.,Ltd All rights reserved.
* http://www.ansitech.com/weixin/sdk/ *
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 *
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

/**
* POST的XML数据包转换为消息接受对象
*
* <p>
* 由于POST的是XML数据包，所以不确定为哪种接受消息，<br/>
* 所以直接将所有字段都进行转换，最后根据<tt>MsgType</tt>字段来判断取何种数据
* </p>
*
*/
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class InputMessage implements Serializable {

/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
private String ToUserName;
@XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
private String FromUserName;
@XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
private Long CreateTime;
@XStreamAlias("MsgType")
private String MsgType = "text";
@XStreamAlias("MsgId")
private Long MsgId;
// 文本消息
@XStreamAlias("Content")
private String Content;
// 图片消息
@XStreamAlias("PicUrl")
private String PicUrl;
// 位置消息
@XStreamAlias("LocationX")
private String LocationX;
@XStreamAlias("LocationY")
private String LocationY;
@XStreamAlias("Scale")
private Long Scale;
@XStreamAlias("Label")
private String Label;
// 链接消息
@XStreamAlias("Title")
private String Title;
@XStreamAlias("Description")
private String Description;
@XStreamAlias("Url")
private String URL;
// 语音信息
@XStreamAlias("MediaId")
private String MediaId;
@XStreamAlias("Format")
private String Format;
@XStreamAlias("Recognition")
private String Recognition;
// 事件
@XStreamAlias("Event")
private String Event;
@XStreamAlias("EventKey")
private String EventKey;
@XStreamAlias("Ticket")
private String Ticket;

public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}

public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}

public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}

public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}

public Long getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}

public void setCreateTime(Long createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}

public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}

public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}

public Long getMsgId() {
return MsgId;
}

public void setMsgId(Long msgId) {
MsgId = msgId;
}

public String getContent() {
return Content;
}

public void setContent(String content) {
Content = content;
}

public String getPicUrl() {
return PicUrl;
}

public void setPicUrl(String picUrl) {
PicUrl = picUrl;
}

public String getLocationX() {
return LocationX;
}

public void setLocationX(String locationX) {
LocationX = locationX;
}

public String getLocationY() {
return LocationY;
}

public void setLocationY(String locationY) {
LocationY = locationY;
}

public Long getScale() {
return Scale;
}

public void setScale(Long scale) {
Scale = scale;
}

public String getLabel() {
return Label;
}

public void setLabel(String label) {
Label = label;
}

public String getTitle() {
return Title;
}

public void setTitle(String title) {
Title = title;
}

public String getDescription() {
return Description;
}

public void setDescription(String description) {
Description = description;
}

public String getURL() {
return URL;
}

public void setURL(String uRL) {
URL = uRL;
}

public String getEvent() {
return Event;
}

public void setEvent(String event) {
Event = event;
}

public String getEventKey() {
return EventKey;
}

public void setEventKey(String eventKey) {
EventKey = eventKey;
}

public String getMediaId() {
return MediaId;
}

public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
MediaId = mediaId;
}

public String getFormat() {
return Format;
}

public void setFormat(String format) {
Format = format;
}

public String getRecognition() {
return Recognition;
}

public void setRecognition(String recognition) {
Recognition = recognition;
}

public String getTicket() {
return Ticket;
}

public void setTicket(String ticket) {
Ticket = ticket;
}
}

为了加入 CDATA 验证创建的@interface类

package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ ElementType.FIELD })
public @interface XStreamCDATA {

}

改写的XStream工具类

package com.mor.util;

import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;

import com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model.XStreamCDATA;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.XStream;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.core.util.QuickWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.HierarchicalStreamWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.PrettyPrintWriter;
import com.thoughtworks.xstream.io.xml.XppDriver;

/**
* xml 转换工具类
*
* @author morning
* @date 2015年2月16日 下午2:42:50
*/
public class SerializeXmlUtil {

public static XStream createXstream() {
return new XStream(new XppDriver() {
@Override
public HierarchicalStreamWriter createWriter(Writer out) {
return new PrettyPrintWriter(out) {
boolean cdata = false;
Class<?> targetClass = null;

@Override
public void startNode(String name, @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") Class clazz) {
super.startNode(name, clazz);
// 业务处理，对于用XStreamCDATA标记的Field，需要加上CDATA标签
if (!name.equals("xml")) {
cdata = needCDATA(targetClass, name);
} else {
targetClass = clazz;
}
}

@Override
protected void writeText(QuickWriter writer, String text) {
if (cdata) {
writer.write("<![CDATA[");
writer.write(text);
writer.write("]]>");
} else {
writer.write(text);
}
}
};
}
});
}

private static boolean needCDATA(Class<?> targetClass, String fieldAlias) {
boolean cdata = false;
// first, scan self
cdata = existsCDATA(targetClass, fieldAlias);
if (cdata)
return cdata;
// if cdata is false, scan supperClass until java.lang.Object
Class<?> superClass = targetClass.getSuperclass();
while (!superClass.equals(Object.class)) {
cdata = existsCDATA(superClass, fieldAlias);
if (cdata)
return cdata;
superClass = superClass.getClass().getSuperclass();
}
return false;
}

private static boolean existsCDATA(Class<?> clazz, String fieldAlias) {
if ("MediaId".equals(fieldAlias)) {
return true; // 特例添加 morning99
}
// scan fields
Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : fields) {
// 1. exists XStreamCDATA
if (field.getAnnotation(XStreamCDATA.class) != null) {
XStreamAlias xStreamAlias = field.getAnnotation(XStreamAlias.class);
// 2. exists XStreamAlias
if (null != xStreamAlias) {
if (fieldAlias.equals(xStreamAlias.value()))// matched
return true;
} else {// not exists XStreamAlias
if (fieldAlias.equals(field.getName()))
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}

}

输出实体类 OutputMessage

package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

/**
*
* @author morning
* @date 2015年2月16日 下午2:29:32
*/
@XStreamAlias("xml")
public class OutputMessage {

@XStreamAlias("ToUserName")
@XStreamCDATA
private String ToUserName;

@XStreamAlias("FromUserName")
@XStreamCDATA
private String FromUserName;

@XStreamAlias("CreateTime")
private Long CreateTime;

@XStreamAlias("MsgType")
@XStreamCDATA
private String MsgType = "text";

private ImageMessage Image;

public String getToUserName() {
return ToUserName;
}

public void setToUserName(String toUserName) {
ToUserName = toUserName;
}

public String getFromUserName() {
return FromUserName;
}

public void setFromUserName(String fromUserName) {
FromUserName = fromUserName;
}

public Long getCreateTime() {
return CreateTime;
}

public void setCreateTime(Long createTime) {
CreateTime = createTime;
}

public String getMsgType() {
return MsgType;
}

public void setMsgType(String msgType) {
MsgType = msgType;
}

public ImageMessage getImage() {
return Image;
}

public void setImage(ImageMessage image) {
Image = image;
}

}

图片信息实体类

package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

@XStreamAlias("Image")
public class ImageMessage extends MediaIdMessage {
}

多媒体id 实体类

package com.mor.maven.demo.mavenweb.model;

import com.thoughtworks.xstream.annotations.XStreamAlias;

public class MediaIdMessage {
@XStreamAlias("MediaId")
@XStreamCDATA
private String MediaId;

public String getMediaId() {
return MediaId;
}

public void setMediaId(String mediaId) {
MediaId = mediaId;
}

}

基本就这些类，也不知道拷贝全没有。

不过在输出xml的时候由于要添加CDATA标签所以没有实现完美，目前自己在SerializeXmlUtil 内添加了一下判断

如果是子标签下的值目前只能用这种方法加CDATA，不知道各位同学有没有好的方法。

目前只是实现了服务器认证，接收文本信息并回复原文本信息加上些附加信息，接收图片信息并返回原图片信息。

后期会有扩展，先记录到此。