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黄聪:C#图像处理(各种旋转、改变大小、柔化、锐化、雾化、底片、浮雕、黑白、滤镜效果) (转)

2015-02-02 08:58 781 查看
黄聪:C#图像处理(各种旋转、改变大小、柔化、锐化、雾化、底片、浮雕、黑白、滤镜效果) (转)

一、各种旋转、改变大小
注意:先要添加画图相关的using引用。
//向右旋转图像90°代码如下:

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("rama.jpg");//加载图像

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);//填充窗体背景为白色

Point[] destinationPoints = {

new Point(100, 0), // destination for upper-left point of original

new Point(100, 100),// destination for upper-right point of original

new Point(0, 0)}; // destination for lower-left point of original

g.DrawImage(bmp, destinationPoints);
}

//旋转图像180°代码如下:

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("rama.jpg");

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);

Point[] destinationPoints = {

new Point(0, 100), // destination for upper-left point of original

new Point(100, 100),// destination for upper-right point of original

new Point(0, 0)}; // destination for lower-left point of original

g.DrawImage(bmp, destinationPoints);
}

//图像切变代码:

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("rama.jpg");

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);

Point[] destinationPoints = {

new Point(0, 0), // destination for upper-left point of original

new Point(100, 0), // destination for upper-right point of original

new Point(50, 100)};// destination for lower-left point of original

g.DrawImage(bmp, destinationPoints);
}

//图像截取:

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("rama.jpg");

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);

Rectangle sr = new Rectangle(80, 60, 400, 400);//要截取的矩形区域

Rectangle dr = new Rectangle(0, 0, 200, 200);//要显示到Form的矩形区域

g.DrawImage(bmp, dr, sr, GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}

//改变图像大小:

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("rama.jpg");

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);

int width = bmp.Width;

int height = bmp.Height;

// 改变图像大小使用低质量的模式

g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.NearestNeighbor;

g.DrawImage(bmp, new Rectangle(10, 10, 120, 120), // source rectangle
new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height), // destination rectangle

GraphicsUnit.Pixel);

// 使用高质量模式

//g.CompositingQuality = CompositingQuality.HighSpeed;

g.InterpolationMode = InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic;

g.DrawImage(

bmp,

new Rectangle(130, 10, 120, 120),

new Rectangle(0, 0, width, height),

GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
}

//设置图像的分辩率:

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap("rama.jpg");

g.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);

bmp.SetResolution(300f, 300f);

g.DrawImage(bmp, 0, 0);

bmp.SetResolution(1200f, 1200f);

g.DrawImage(bmp, 180, 0);
}

//用GDI+画图

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics gForm = e.Graphics;

gForm.FillRectangle(Brushes.White, this.ClientRectangle);

for (int i = 1; i <= 7; ++i)

{
//在窗体上面画出橙色的矩形
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(i*40-15, 0, 15,

this.ClientRectangle.Height);

gForm.FillRectangle(Brushes.Orange, r);
}
//在内存中创建一个Bitmap并设置CompositingMode

Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(260, 260,
System.Drawing.Imaging.PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

Graphics gBmp = Graphics.FromImage(bmp);

gBmp.CompositingMode = System.Drawing.Drawing2D.CompositingMode.SourceCopy;

// 创建一个带有Alpha的红色区域

// 并将其画在内存的位图里面

Color red = Color.FromArgb(0x60, 0xff, 0, 0);

Brush redBrush = new SolidBrush(red);

gBmp.FillEllipse(redBrush, 70, 70, 160, 160);

// 创建一个带有Alpha的绿色区域

Color green = Color.FromArgb(0x40, 0, 0xff, 0);

Brush greenBrush = new SolidBrush(green);

gBmp.FillRectangle(greenBrush, 10, 10, 140, 140);

//在窗体上面画出位图 now draw the bitmap on our window

gForm.DrawImage(bmp, 20, 20, bmp.Width, bmp.Height);

// 清理资源

bmp.Dispose();

gBmp.Dispose();

redBrush.Dispose();

greenBrush.Dispose();
}

//在窗体上面绘图并显示图像

private void Form1_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e)

{
Graphics g = e.Graphics;

Pen blackPen = new Pen(Color.Black, 1);
if (ClientRectangle.Height / 10 > 0)
{
for (int y = 0; y < ClientRectangle.Height; y += ClientRectangle.Height / 10)
{
g.DrawLine(blackPen, new Point(0, 0), new Point(ClientRectangle.Width, y));
}
}
blackPen.Dispose();
}

C# 使用Bitmap类进行图片裁剪

在Mapwin(手机游戏地图编辑器)生成的地图txt文件中添加自己需要处理的数据后转换成可在手机(Ophone)开发环境中使用的字节流地图文件的小工具,其中就涉及到图片的裁剪和生成了。有以下几种方式。

方法一:拷贝像素。

当然这种方法是最笨的,效率也就低了些。
在Bitmap类中我们可以看到这样两个方法:GetPixel(int x, int y)和SetPixel(int x, int y, Color color)方法。从字面的含以上就知道前者是获取图像某点像素值,是用Color对象返回的;后者是将已知像素描画到制定的位置。
下面就来做个实例检验下:
1.首先创建一个Windows Form窗体程序,往该窗体上拖放7个PictureBox控件,第一个用于放置并显示原始的大图片,其后6个用于放置并显示裁剪后新生成的6个小图;
2.放置原始大图的PictureBox控件name属性命名为pictureBoxBmpRes,其后pictureBox1到pictureBox6依次命名,并放置在合适的位置;
3.双击Form窗体,然后在Form1_Load事件中加入下面的代码即可。
//导入图像资源
Bitmap bmpRes = null;
String strPath = Application.ExecutablePath;
try{
int nEndIndex = strPath.LastIndexOf('//');
strPath = strPath.Substring(0,nEndIndex) + "//Bmp//BmpResMM.bmp";
bmpRes = new Bitmap(strPath);

//窗体上显示加载图片
pictureBoxBmpRes.Width = bmpRes.Width;
pictureBoxBmpRes.Height = bmpRes.Height;
pictureBoxBmpRes.Image = bmpRes;
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show("图片资源加载失败!/r/n" + ex.ToString());
}

//裁剪图片(裁成2行3列的6张图片)
int nYClipNum = 2, nXClipNum = 3;
Bitmap[] bmpaClipBmpArr = new Bitmap[nYClipNum * nXClipNum];
for (int nYClipNumIndex = 0; nYClipNumIndex < nYClipNum; nYClipNumIndex++)
{
for (int nXClipNumIndex = 0; nXClipNumIndex < nXClipNum; nXClipNumIndex++)
{
int nClipWidth = bmpRes.Width / nXClipNum;
int nClipHight = bmpRes.Height / nYClipNum;
int nBmpIndex = nXClipNumIndex + nYClipNumIndex * nYClipNum + (nYClipNumIndex > 0?1:0);
bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex] = new Bitmap(nClipWidth, nClipHight);

for(int nY = 0; nY < nClipHight; nY++)
{
for(int nX = 0; nX < nClipWidth; nX++)
{
int nClipX = nX + nClipWidth * nXClipNumIndex;
int nClipY = nY + nClipHight * nYClipNumIndex;
Color cClipPixel = bmpRes.GetPixel(nClipX, nClipY);
bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex].SetPixel(nX, nY, cClipPixel);
}
}
}
}
PictureBox[] picbShow = new PictureBox[nYClipNum * nXClipNum];
picbShow[0] = pictureBox1;
picbShow[1] = pictureBox2;
picbShow[2] = pictureBox3;
picbShow[3] = pictureBox4;
picbShow[4] = pictureBox5;
picbShow[5] = pictureBox6;
for (int nLoop = 0; nLoop < nYClipNum * nXClipNum; nLoop++)
{
picbShow[nLoop].Width = bmpRes.Width / nXClipNum;
picbShow[nLoop].Height = bmpRes.Height / nYClipNum;
picbShow[nLoop].Image = bmpaClipBmpArr[nLoop];
}
现在看看那些地方需要注意的了。其中
int nBmpIndex =
nXClipNumIndex + nYClipNumIndex * nYClipNum + (nYClipNumIndex > 0?1:0);
这句定义了存储裁剪图片对象在数组中的索引,需要注意的就是后面的(nYClipNumIndex > 0?1:0)——因为只有当裁剪的对象处于第一行以外的行时需要将索引加1;
另外,因为这种方法的效率不高,程序运行起来还是顿了下。如果有兴趣的话,可以将以上的代码放到一个按钮Click事件函数中,当单击该按钮时就可以感觉到了。

方法二:运用Clone函数局部复制。

同样在Bitmap中可以找到Clone()方法,该方法有三个重载方法。Clone(),Clone(Rectangle, PixelFormat)和Clone(RectangleF, PixelFormat)。第一个方法将创建并返回一个精确的实例对象,后两个就是我们这里需要用的局部裁剪了(其实后两个方法本人觉得用法上差不多)。
将上面的程序稍稍改进下——将裁剪的处理放到一个按钮事件函数中,然后再托一个按钮好窗体上,最后将下面的代码复制到该按钮的事件函数中。
for (int nYClipNumIndex = 0; nYClipNumIndex < nYClipNum; nYClipNumIndex++)
{
for (int nXClipNumIndex = 0; nXClipNumIndex < nXClipNum; nXClipNumIndex++)
{
int nClipWidth = bmpRes.Width / nXClipNum;
int nClipHight = bmpRes.Height / nYClipNum;
int nBmpIndex =
nXClipNumIndex + nYClipNumIndex * nYClipNum + (nYClipNumIndex > 0 ? 1 : 0);

Rectangle rClipRect = new Rectangle(nClipWidth * nXClipNumIndex,
nClipHight * nYClipNumIndex,
nClipWidth,
nClipHight);

bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex] = bmpRes.Clone(rClipRect, bmpRes.PixelFormat);
}
}

运行程序,单击按钮检验下,发现速度明显快可很多。
其实这种方法较第一中方法不同的地方仅只是变换了for循环中的拷贝部分的处理,
Rectangle rClipRect = new Rectangle(nClipWidth * nXClipNumIndex,
nClipHight * nYClipNumIndex,
nClipWidth,
nClipHight);

bmpaClipBmpArr[nBmpIndex] = bmpRes.Clone(rClipRect, bmpRes.PixelFormat);

一. 底片效果

原理: GetPixel方法获得每一点像素的值, 然后再使用SetPixel方法将取反后的颜色值设置到对应的点.

效果图:

代码实现:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

//以底片效果显示图像

try

{

int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;

int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;

Bitmap newbitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);

Bitmap oldbitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;

Color pixel;

for (int x = 1; x < Width; x++)

{

for (int y = 1; y < Height; y++)

{

int r, g, b;

pixel = oldbitmap.GetPixel(x, y);

r = 255 - pixel.R;

g = 255 - pixel.G;

b = 255 - pixel.B;

newbitmap.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));

}

}

this.pictureBox1.Image = newbitmap;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "信息提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);

}

}
二. 浮雕效果
原理: 对图像像素点的像素值分别与相邻像素点的像素值相减后加上128, 然后将其作为新的像素点的值.
效果图:

代码实现:
浮雕效果

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

//以浮雕效果显示图像

try

{

int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;

int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;

Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);

Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;

Color pixel1, pixel2;

for (int x = 0; x < Width - 1; x++)

{

for (int y = 0; y < Height - 1; y++)

{

int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;

pixel1 = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x, y);

pixel2 = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x + 1, y + 1);

r = Math.Abs(pixel1.R - pixel2.R + 128);

g = Math.Abs(pixel1.G - pixel2.G + 128);

b = Math.Abs(pixel1.B - pixel2.B + 128);

if (r > 255)

r = 255;

if (r < 0)

r = 0;

if (g > 255)

g = 255;

if (g < 0)

g = 0;

if (b > 255)

b = 255;

if (b < 0)

b = 0;

newBitmap.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));

}

}

this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "信息提示", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Information);

}

}
三. 黑白效果
原理: 彩色图像处理成黑白效果通常有3种算法;
(1).最大值法: 使每个像素点的 R, G, B 值等于原像素点的 RGB (颜色值) 中最大的一个;
(2).平均值法: 使用每个像素点的 R,G,B值等于原像素点的RGB值的平均值;
(3).加权平均值法: 对每个像素点的 R, G, B值进行加权
---自认为第三种方法做出来的黑白效果图像最 "真实".
效果图:

代码实现:
黑白效果

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

//以黑白效果显示图像

try

{

int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;

int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;

Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);

Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;

Color pixel;

for (int x = 0; x < Width; x++)

for (int y = 0; y < Height; y++)

{

pixel = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x, y);

int r, g, b, Result = 0;

r = pixel.R;

g = pixel.G;

b = pixel.B;

//实例程序以加权平均值法产生黑白图像

int iType =2;

switch (iType)

{

case 0://平均值法

Result = ((r + g + b) / 3);

break;

case 1://最大值法

Result = r > g ? r : g;

Result = Result > b ? Result : b;

break;

case 2://加权平均值法

Result = ((int)(0.7 * r) + (int)(0.2 * g) + (int)(0.1 * b));

break;

}

newBitmap.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(Result, Result, Result));

}

this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "信息提示");

}

}

四. 柔化效果
原理: 当前像素点与周围像素点的颜色差距较大时取其平均值.
效果图:

代码实现:
柔化效果

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

//以柔化效果显示图像

try

{

int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;

int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;

Bitmap bitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);

Bitmap MyBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;

Color pixel;

//高斯模板

int[] Gauss ={ 1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1 };

for (int x = 1; x < Width - 1; x++)

for (int y = 1; y < Height - 1; y++)

{

int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;

int Index = 0;

for (int col = -1; col <= 1; col++)

for (int row = -1; row <= 1; row++)

{

pixel = MyBitmap.GetPixel(x + row, y + col);

r += pixel.R * Gauss[Index];

g += pixel.G * Gauss[Index];

b += pixel.B * Gauss[Index];

Index++;

}

r /= 16;

g /= 16;

b /= 16;

//处理颜色值溢出

r = r > 255 ? 255 : r;

r = r < 0 ? 0 : r;

g = g > 255 ? 255 : g;

g = g < 0 ? 0 : g;

b = b > 255 ? 255 : b;

b = b < 0 ? 0 : b;

bitmap.SetPixel(x - 1, y - 1, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));

}

this.pictureBox1.Image = bitmap;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "信息提示");

}

}
五.锐化效果
原理:突出显示颜色值大(即形成形体边缘)的像素点.
效果图:

实现代码:
锐化效果

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

//以锐化效果显示图像

try

{

int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;

int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;

Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);

Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;

Color pixel;

//拉普拉斯模板

int[] Laplacian ={ -1, -1, -1, -1, 9, -1, -1, -1, -1 };

for (int x = 1; x < Width - 1; x++)

for (int y = 1; y < Height - 1; y++)

{

int r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;

int Index = 0;

for (int col = -1; col <= 1; col++)

for (int row = -1; row <= 1; row++)

{

pixel = oldBitmap.GetPixel(x + row, y + col); r += pixel.R * Laplacian[Index];

g += pixel.G * Laplacian[Index];

b += pixel.B * Laplacian[Index];

Index++;

}

//处理颜色值溢出

r = r > 255 ? 255 : r;

r = r < 0 ? 0 : r;

g = g > 255 ? 255 : g;

g = g < 0 ? 0 : g;

b = b > 255 ? 255 : b;

b = b < 0 ? 0 : b;

newBitmap.SetPixel(x - 1, y - 1, Color.FromArgb(r, g, b));

}

this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "信息提示");

}

}
六. 雾化效果
原理: 在图像中引入一定的随机值, 打乱图像中的像素值
效果图:

实现代码:
雾化效果

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

//以雾化效果显示图像

try

{

int Height = this.pictureBox1.Image.Height;

int Width = this.pictureBox1.Image.Width;

Bitmap newBitmap = new Bitmap(Width, Height);

Bitmap oldBitmap = (Bitmap)this.pictureBox1.Image;

Color pixel;

for (int x = 1; x < Width - 1; x++)

for (int y = 1; y < Height - 1; y++)

{

System.Random MyRandom = new Random();

int k = MyRandom.Next(123456);

//像素块大小

int dx = x + k % 19;

int dy = y + k % 19;

if (dx >= Width)

dx = Width - 1;

if (dy >= Height)

dy = Height - 1;

pixel = oldBitmap.GetPixel(dx, dy);

newBitmap.SetPixel(x, y, pixel);

}

this.pictureBox1.Image = newBitmap;

}

catch (Exception ex)

{

MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "信息提示");

}

}

浅谈Visual C#进行图像处理

作者:彭军 http://pengjun.org.cn
这里之所以说“浅谈”是因为我这里只是简单的介绍如何使用Visual C#进行图像的读入、保存以及对像素的访问。而不涉及太多的算法。
一、读入图像
在Visual C#中我们可以使用一个Picture Box控件来显示图片,如下:

private void btnOpenImage_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

OpenFileDialog ofd = new OpenFileDialog();

ofd.Filter = "BMP Files(*.bmp)|*.bmp|JPG Files(*.jpg;*.jpeg)|*.jpg;*.jpeg|All Files(*.*)|*.*";

ofd.CheckFileExists = true;

ofd.CheckPathExists = true;

if (ofd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)

{

//pbxShowImage.ImageLocation = ofd.FileName;

bmp = new Bitmap(ofd.FileName);

if (bmp==null)

{

MessageBox.Show("加载图片失败!", "错误");

return;

}

pbxShowImage.Image = bmp;

ofd.Dispose();

}

}

其中bmp为类的一个对象:private Bitmap bmp=null;

在使用Bitmap类和BitmapData类之前,需要使用using System.Drawing.Imaging;

二、保存图像

private void btnSaveImage_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

if (bmp == null) return;
SaveFileDialog sfd = new SaveFileDialog();

sfd.Filter = "BMP Files(*.bmp)|*.bmp|JPG Files(*.jpg;*.jpeg)|*.jpg;*.jpeg|All Files(*.*)|*.*";

if (sfd.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK)

{

pbxShowImage.Image.Save(sfd.FileName);

MessageBox.Show("保存成功!","提示");

sfd.Dispose();

}

}

三、对像素的访问

我们可以来建立一个GrayBitmapData类来做相关的处理。整个类的程序如下:

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Drawing.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Forms;
namespace ImageElf

{

class GrayBitmapData

{

public byte[,] Data;//保存像素矩阵

public int Width;//图像的宽度

public int Height;//图像的高度
public GrayBitmapData()

{

this.Width = 0;

this.Height = 0;

this.Data = null;

}
public GrayBitmapData(Bitmap bmp)

{

BitmapData bmpData = bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0, bmp.Width, bmp.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);

this.Width = bmpData.Width;

this.Height = bmpData.Height;

Data = new byte[Height, Width];

unsafe

{

byte* ptr = (byte*)bmpData.Scan0.ToPointer();

for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

//将24位的RGB彩色图转换为灰度图

int temp = (int)(0.114 * (*ptr++)) + (int)(0.587 * (*ptr++))+(int)(0.299 * (*ptr++));

Data[i, j] = (byte)temp;

}

ptr += bmpData.Stride - Width * 3;//指针加上填充的空白空间

}

}

bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);

}
public GrayBitmapData(string path)

: this(new Bitmap(path))

{

}
public Bitmap ToBitmap()

{

Bitmap bmp=new Bitmap(Width,Height,PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);

BitmapData bmpData=bmp.LockBits(new Rectangle(0,0,Width,Height),ImageLockMode.WriteOnly,PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);

unsafe

{

byte* ptr=(byte*)bmpData.Scan0.ToPointer();

for(int i=0;i<Height;i++)

{

for(int j=0;j<Width;j++)

{

*(ptr++)=Data[i,j];

*(ptr++)=Data[i,j];

*(ptr++)=Data[i,j];

}

ptr+=bmpData.Stride-Width*3;

}

}

bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);

return bmp;

}
public void ShowImage(PictureBox pbx)

{

Bitmap b = this.ToBitmap();

pbx.Image = b;

//b.Dispose();

}
public void SaveImage(string path)

{

Bitmap b=ToBitmap();

b.Save(path);

//b.Dispose();

}

//均值滤波

public void AverageFilter(int windowSize)

{

if (windowSize % 2 == 0)

{

return;

}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

int sum = 0;

for (int g = -(windowSize - 1) / 2; g <= (windowSize - 1) / 2; g++)

{

for (int k = -(windowSize - 1) / 2; k <= (windowSize - 1) / 2; k++)

{

int a = i + g, b = j + k;

if (a < 0) a = 0;

if (a > Height - 1) a = Height - 1;

if (b < 0) b = 0;

if (b > Width - 1) b = Width - 1;

sum += Data[a, b];

}

}

Data[i,j]=(byte)(sum/(windowSize*windowSize));

}

}

}

//中值滤波

public void MidFilter(int windowSize)

{

if (windowSize % 2 == 0)

{

return;

}
int[] temp = new int[windowSize * windowSize];

byte[,] newdata = new byte[Height, Width];

for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

int n = 0;

for (int g = -(windowSize - 1) / 2; g <= (windowSize - 1) / 2; g++)

{

for (int k = -(windowSize - 1) / 2; k <= (windowSize - 1) / 2; k++)

{

int a = i + g, b = j + k;

if (a < 0) a = 0;

if (a > Height - 1) a = Height - 1;

if (b < 0) b = 0;

if (b > Width - 1) b = Width - 1;

temp[n++]= Data[a, b];

}

}

newdata[i, j] = GetMidValue(temp,windowSize*windowSize);

}

}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

Data[i, j] = newdata[i, j];

}

}

}

//获得一个向量的中值

private byte GetMidValue(int[] t, int length)

{

int temp = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < length - 2; i++)

{

for (int j = i + 1; j < length - 1; j++)

{

if (t[i] > t[j])

{

temp = t[i];

t[i] = t[j];

t[j] = temp;

}

}

}
return (byte)t[(length - 1) / 2];

}

//一种新的滤波方法,是亮的更亮、暗的更暗

public void NewFilter(int windowSize)

{

if (windowSize % 2 == 0)

{

return;

}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

int sum = 0;

for (int g = -(windowSize - 1) / 2; g <= (windowSize - 1) / 2; g++)

{

for (int k = -(windowSize - 1) / 2; k <= (windowSize - 1) / 2; k++)

{

int a = i + g, b = j + k;

if (a < 0) a = 0;

if (a > Height - 1) a = Height - 1;

if (b < 0) b = 0;

if (b > Width - 1) b = Width - 1;

sum += Data[a, b];

}

}

double avg = (sum+0.0) / (windowSize * windowSize);

if (avg / 255 < 0.5)

{

Data[i, j] = (byte)(2 * avg / 255 * Data[i, j]);

}

else

{

Data[i,j]=(byte)((1-2*(1-avg/255.0)*(1-Data[i,j]/255.0))*255);

}

}

}

}

//直方图均衡

public void HistEqual()

{

double[] num = new double[256] ;

for(int i=0;i<256;i++) num[i]=0;
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

num[Data[i, j]]++;

}

}
double[] newGray = new double[256];

double n = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++)

{

n += num[i];

newGray[i] = n * 255 / (Height * Width);

}
for (int i = 0; i < Height; i++)

{

for (int j = 0; j < Width; j++)

{

Data[i,j]=(byte)newGray[Data[i,j]];

}

}

}
}

}

在GrayBitmapData类中,只要我们对一个二维数组Data进行一系列的操作就是对图片的操作处理。在窗口上,我们可以使用

一个按钮来做各种调用:

//均值滤波

private void btnAvgFilter_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

if (bmp == null) return;

GrayBitmapData gbmp = new GrayBitmapData(bmp);

gbmp.AverageFilter(3);

gbmp.ShowImage(pbxShowImage);

}

//转换为灰度图

private void btnToGray_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

if (bmp == null) return;

GrayBitmapData gbmp = new GrayBitmapData(bmp);

gbmp.ShowImage(pbxShowImage);

}

四、总结
在Visual c#中对图像进行处理或访问,需要先建立一个Bitmap对象,然后通过其LockBits方法来获得一个BitmapData类的对象,然后通过获得其像素数据的首地址来对Bitmap对象的像素数据进行操作。当然,一种简单但是速度慢的方法是用Bitmap类的GetPixel和SetPixel方法。其中BitmapData类的Stride属性为每行像素所占的字节。

C# colorMatrix 对图片的处理 : 亮度调整 抓屏 翻转 随鼠标画矩形

1.图片亮度处理

private void btn_Grap_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//亮度百分比
int percent = 50;
Single v = 0.006F * percent;
Single[][] matrix = {
new Single[] { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
new Single[] { 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 },
new Single[] { 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 },
new Single[] { 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 },
new Single[] { v, v, v, 0, 1 }
};
System.Drawing.Imaging.ColorMatrix cm = new System.Drawing.Imaging.ColorMatrix(matrix);
System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageAttributes attr = new System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageAttributes();
attr.SetColorMatrix(cm);
//Image tmp
Image tmp = Image.FromFile("1.png");

this.pictureBox_Src.Image = Image.FromFile("1.png");

Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(tmp);
try
{
Rectangle destRect = new Rectangle(0, 0, tmp.Width, tmp.Height);
g.DrawImage(tmp, destRect, 0, 0, tmp.Width, tmp.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, attr);
}
finally
{
g.Dispose();
}

this.pictureBox_Dest.Image = (Image)tmp.Clone();
}

2.抓屏将生成的图片显示在pictureBox

private void btn_Screen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
Image myImage = new Bitmap(Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width, Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(myImage);
g.CopyFromScreen(new Point(0, 0), new Point(0, 0), new Size(Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Width, Screen.PrimaryScreen.Bounds.Height));
//IntPtr dc1 = g.GetHdc(); //此处这两句多余,具体看最后GetHdc()定义
//g.ReleaseHdc(dc1);
g.Dispose();
this.pictureBox_Src.SizeMode = PictureBoxSizeMode.StretchImage;
this.pictureBox_Src.Image = myImage;
myImage.Save("Screen", ImageFormat.Png);
}

3.翻转

private void btn_RotateFlip_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.pictureBox_Src.Image = Image.FromFile("1.png");

Image tmp = Image.FromFile("1.png");

tmp.RotateFlip(RotateFlipType.Rotate90FlipNone);
this.pictureBox_Dest.Image = tmp;
}
4.跟随鼠标在 pictureBox的图片上画矩形
private int intStartX = 0;
private int intStartY = 0;
private bool isMouseDraw = false;

private void pictureBox_Src_MouseDown(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
isMouseDraw = true;

intStartX = e.X;
intStartY = e.Y;
}

private void pictureBox_Src_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (isMouseDraw)
{
try
{
//Image tmp = Image.FromFile("1.png");
Graphics g = this.pictureBox_Src.CreateGraphics();
//清空上次画下的痕迹
g.Clear(this.pictureBox_Src.BackColor);
Brush brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Red);
Pen pen = new Pen(brush, 1);
pen.DashStyle = DashStyle.Solid;
g.DrawRectangle(pen, new Rectangle(intStartX > e.X ? e.X : intStartX, intStartY > e.Y ? e.Y : intStartY, Math.Abs(e.X - intStartX), Math.Abs(e.Y - intStartY)));
g.Dispose();
//this.pictureBox_Src.Image = tmp;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ex.ToString();
}
}
}

private void pictureBox_Src_MouseUp(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
isMouseDraw = false;

intStartX = 0;
intStartY = 0;
}
5.取灰度

private void btn_GetGray_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
this.pictureBox_Src.Image = Image.FromFile("1.png");
Bitmap currentBitmap = new Bitmap(this.pictureBox_Src.Image);
Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(currentBitmap);
ImageAttributes ia = new ImageAttributes();
float[][] colorMatrix = {
new float[] {0.299f, 0.299f, 0.299f, 0, 0},
new float[] {0.587f, 0.587f, 0.587f, 0, 0},
new float[] {0.114f, 0.114f, 0.114f, 0, 0},
new float[] {0, 0, 0, 1, 0},
new float[] {0, 0, 0, 0, 1}
};
ColorMatrix cm = new ColorMatrix(colorMatrix);
ia.SetColorMatrix(cm, ColorMatrixFlag.Default, ColorAdjustType.Bitmap);
g.DrawImage(currentBitmap, new Rectangle(0, 0, currentBitmap.Width, currentBitmap.Height), 0, 0, currentBitmap.Width, currentBitmap.Height, GraphicsUnit.Pixel, ia);
this.pictureBox_Dest.Image = (Image)(currentBitmap.Clone());
g.Dispose();
}

Graphics.GetHdc 方法
.NET Framework 4

.NET Framework 3.5
.NET Framework 3.0
.NET Framework 2.0

获取与此 Graphics 关联的设备上下文的句柄。
命名空间: System.Drawing

程序集: System.Drawing(在 System.Drawing.dll 中)
语法
[SecurityPermissionAttribute(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags =
SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
public IntPtr GetHdc()
返回值
类型:System.IntPtr

与此 Graphics 关联的设备上下文的句柄。
实现
IDeviceContext.GetHdc()
备注

设备上下文是一个基于 GDI 的 Windows 结构,它定义一组图形对象及其关联的特性,以及影响输出的图形模式。 此方法返回该设备上下文(字体除外)。由于未选择字体,使用 GetHdc 方法返回的句柄对 FromHdc 方法进行调用将会失败。
GetHdc 方法调用和 ReleaseHdc 方法调用必须成对出现。 在 GetHdc
ReleaseHdc 方法对的范围内,通常仅调用 GDI 函数。 在该范围内对 Graphics(它产生 hdc 参数)的
GDI+ 方法的调用因 ObjectBusy 错误而失败。 此外,GDI+ 忽略后续操作中对 hdc 参数的 Graphics 所做的所有状态更改。
示例

下面的代码示例设计为与 Windows 窗体一起使用,它需要 PaintEventArgse,即 Paint 事件处理程序的一个参数。
该示例演示如何调用 Windows GDI 函数以执行与 GDI+ Graphics 方法相同的任务。 代码执行下列操作:

为 Windows DLL 文件 gdi32.dll 定义互操作性 DllImportAttribute 特性。
此 DLL 包含所需的 GDI 函数。
将该 DLL 中的 Rectangle 函数定义为外部函数。
创建一支红色钢笔。
利用该钢笔,使用 GDI+ DrawRectangle 方法将矩形绘制到屏幕。
定义内部指针类型变量 hdc 并将它的值设置为窗体的设备上下文句柄。
使用 GDI Rectangle 函数将矩形绘制到屏幕。

释放由 hdc 参数表示的设备上下文。

public class GDI
{
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("gdi32.dll")]
internal static extern bool Rectangle(
IntPtr hdc,
int ulCornerX, int ulCornerY,
int lrCornerX, int lrCornerY);
}

[System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermission(
System.Security.Permissions.SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Flags =
System.Security.Permissions.SecurityPermissionFlag.UnmanagedCode)]
private void GetHdcForGDI1(PaintEventArgs e)
{
// Create pen.
Pen redPen = new Pen(Color.Red, 1);

// Draw rectangle with GDI+.
e.Graphics.DrawRectangle(redPen, 10, 10, 100, 50);

// Get handle to device context.
IntPtr hdc = e.Graphics.GetHdc();

// Draw rectangle with GDI using default pen.
GDI.Rectangle(hdc, 10, 70, 110, 120);

// Release handle to device context.
e.Graphics.ReleaseHdc(hdc);
}

作者:黄聪

出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/huangcong/

本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。
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