搭建一个Oracle到Oracle的Goldengate双向复制环境

目标：搭建一个Oracle到Oracle的Goldengate双向复制环境（支持ＤＤＬ＋ＤＭＬ）。



环境：

ＯＳ：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)

ＤＢ：Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

gg1和gg2互为source和target，所处ＯＳ和所安ＤＢ均一样。

一、安装ＧＧ

在gg1和gg2都运行例如以下操作：

（１）加入环境变量，在/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件中加入例如以下内容：

export PATH=/u01/ggate:$PATH

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/u01/ggate:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

export ggtest=/u01/ggate

这里的GG 和Oracle 使用的是同样的用户，所以把GG 的变量加上就能够了。载入刚刚设置的环境变量：

source/home/oracle/.bash_profile

（２）使用ggsci工具，创建必要的文件夹

gg1:/u01/ggate> ggsci

--调用ggsci 工具

Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter forOracle

Version 11.1.1.1OGGCORE_11.1.1_PLATFORMS_110421.2040

Linux, x64, 64bit (optimized), Oracle 11gon Apr 21 2011 22:42:14

Copyright (C) 1995, 2011, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

GGSCI (gg1) 1> create subdirs

--使用ggsci 工具创建文件夹

Creating subdirectories under currentdirectory /u01/ggate

Parameter files /u01/ggate/dirprm: created

Report files /u01/ggate/dirrpt: created

Checkpoint files /u01/ggate/dirchk: created

Process status files /u01/ggate/dirpcs: created

SQL script files /u01/ggate/dirsql: created

Database definitions files /u01/ggate/dirdef: created

Extract data files /u01/ggate/dirdat: created

Temporary files /u01/ggate/dirtmp: created

Veridata files /u01/ggate/dirver: created

Veridata Lock files /u01/ggate/dirver/lock: created

Veridata Out-Of-Sync files /u01/ggate/dirver/oos: created

Veridata Out-Of-Sync XML files/u01/ggate/dirver/oosxml: created

Veridata Parameter files /u01/ggate/dirver/params: created

Veridata Report files /u01/ggate/dirver/report: created

Veridata Status files /u01/ggate/dirver/status: created

Veridata Trace files /u01/ggate/dirver/trace: created

Stdout files /u01/ggate/dirout: created

GGSCI (gg1) 2>

以上就是GG 的安装，在source 和target database 都运行。

二、分别配置ｓｏｕｒｃｅ和ｔａｒｇｅｔ

（１）GoldenGate通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析，将获取的数据应用到目标端，实现数据同步。因此，源数据库须要必须处于归档模式，并启用附加日志和强制日志。

归档模式、附加日志、强制日志

--查看

SQL> select log_mode,supplemental_log_data_min,force_logging from v$database;

LOG_MODE SUPPLEME FOR

------------ -------- ---

ARCHIVELOG NO NO

--改动

（1）archivelog

SQL>shutdown immediate

SQL>startup mount

SQL>alter database archivelog;

SQL>alter database open;

（2）force logging

SQL>alterdatabase force logging;

（3）supplemental log data

SQL>alterdatabase add supplemental log data;

（２）禁用Recycle Bin

假设启用DDL 支持，必须关闭recycle bin。官网的解释例如以下：

If the recyclebin is enabled, the Oracle GoldenGate DDL trigger session receives implicitrecycle bin DDL operations that cause the trigger to fail.

Oracle 11g：

SQL> alter system set recyclebin=offscope=spfile;

System altered.

假设数据库是10g，须要关闭recyclebin并重新启动；或者手工purge recyclebin。

（３）创建存放DDL 信息的user并赋权

SQL> create user ggtest identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource to ggtest;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggtest;

Grant succeeded.

退出全部使用Oracle 的session，然后使用SYSDBA权限的用户运行例如以下脚本：

gg1:/u01/ggate> echo $ggate

/u01/ggate

--进入GG的文件夹，然后调用脚本：

gg1:/home/oracle> cd $ggate

gg1:/u01/ggate> sqlplus / as sysdba;

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production onTue Nov 8 19:41:58 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise EditionRelease 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Miningand Real Application Testing options

--脚本1：

SQL> @marker_setup.sql;

Marker setup script

You will be prompted for the name of aschema for the GoldenGate database objects.

NOTE: The schema must be created prior torunning this script.

NOTE: Stop all DDL replication beforestarting this installation.

--输入我们之前创建的username：

Enter GoldenGate schema name:ggtest

Marker setup table script complete, runningverification script...

Please enter the name of a schema for theGoldenGate database objects:

Setting schema name to ggtest

MARKER TABLE

-------------------------------

OK

MARKER SEQUENCE

-------------------------------

OK

Script complete.

--脚本2：

SQL> @ddl_setup.sql;

GoldenGate DDL Replication setup script

Verifying that current user has privilegesto install DDL Replication...

You will be prompted for the name of aschema for the GoldenGate database objects.

NOTE: For an Oracle 10g source, the systemrecycle bin must be disabled. For Oracle 11g and later, it can be enabled.

--注意这里提示我们在10g里，必须关闭recycle bin，在11g以后的版本号，能够不用关闭。

NOTE: The schema must be created prior torunning this script.

NOTE: Stop all DDL replication beforestarting this installation.

--提示输入GG的用户：

Enter GoldenGate schema name:ggtest

You will be prompted for the mode ofinstallation.

To install or reinstall DDL replication,enter INITIALSETUP

To upgrade DDL replication, enter NORMAL

--这里让我们选择安装模式： install 和 reinstall 选择INITIALSETUP

Enter mode of installation:INITIALSETUP

Working, please wait ...

Spooling to file ddl_setup_spool.txt

Checking for sessions that are holdinglocks on Oracle Golden Gate metadata tables ...

Check complete.

Using ggtest as a GoldenGate schema name,INITIALSETUP as a mode of installation.

Working, please wait ...

DDL replication setup script complete,running verification script...

Please enter the name of a schema for theGoldenGate database objects:

Setting schema name to ggtest

DDLORA_GETTABLESPACESIZE STATUS:

……

STATUS OF DDL REPLICATION

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUCCESSFUL installation of DDL Replicationsoftware components

Script complete.

--脚本3：

SQL> @role_setup.sql;

GGS Role setup script

This script will drop and recreate the roleGGS_GGSUSER_ROLE

To use a different role name, quit thisscript and then edit the params.sql script to change the gg_role parameter tothe preferred name. (Do not run the script.)

You will be prompted for the name of aschema for the GoldenGate database objects.

NOTE: The schema must be created prior torunning this script.

NOTE: Stop all DDL replication beforestarting this installation.

--相同输入GGusername：

Enter GoldenGate schema name:ggtest

Wrote file role_setup_set.txt

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Role setup script complete

Grant this role to each user assigned tothe Extract, GGSCI, and Manager processes, by using the following SQL command:

--这里提示我们赋权给相关的用户：

GRANT GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE TO<loggedUser>

where <loggedUser> is the userassigned to the GoldenGate processes.

--脚本4：赋权

SQL> grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggtest;

Grant succeeded.

--脚本5：

SQL> @ddl_enable.sql;

Trigger altered.

注意这里脚本创建的table都是使用默认的名称，当然也能够改动这些table的默认名。

三、測试

注意：

（1） 目标库的username和对象名称可以与源端不同，关键在于配置文件里要可以正确匹配。

（2） 配置源和目标两端tnsnames，保持互联互通。（记得启动lsnrctl）

gg1:

SQL> create user ssgg identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to ssgg;

Grant succeeded.

gg2:

SQL> create user ttgg identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary

tablespace temp;

User created.

SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to ttgg;

Grant succeeded.

參数设置

配置gg1，加入checkpoint表：

GGSCI (gg1) 1> dblogin userid ggtest,password oracle

Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI (gg1) 2> view params ./GLOBAL

ggschema ggtest

checkpointtable ggtest.checkpoint

GGSCI (gg1) 27> view params mgr

PORT 7809 --指定管理port

dynamicportlist 7810-7900 --动态port列表，当指定port不可用时，管理进程会自己主动选择一个可用port。最大可指定256个port

autostart er * --mgr开启时自己主动开启全部的extract and replicat process

autorestart er *,retries 5,waitminutes 2 --extract and replicat processes fail mgr automatically start

參数每2分钟重新启动一次，重新启动5次后放弃

1、 t o c o n f i g u r e t h e p r i m a r y e x t r a c t g o u p

GGSCI (gg1) 10> add extract ext01,tranlog,begin now

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gg1) 13> add exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/sd,extract ext01

EXTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gg1) 28> view params ext01

extract ext01 --提取进程组的名字

userid ggtest, password oracle --同步用户

exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/sd --trail 文件文件夹和标识（类似于sd*这样文件)，命名仅仅能是2个字符。

tranlogoptions excludeuser ggtest --避免循环复制的出现

DDL INCLUDE ALL

DDLOPTIONS ADDTRANDATA

table ssgg.*; --同步的表或用户下全部的表

当你须要同步除Goldengate和Oracle数据库自带的用户外全部用户的DDL操作时，可在源端主抽取进程中增加以下的内容



然后再在目标端Replicat进程參数文件里增加DDL错误的处理语句就可以。

2、 t o c o n f i g u r e t h e d a t a p u m p

GGSCI (gg1) 19> add extract p01,exttrailsource /u01/ggate/dirdat/sd,begin now

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gg1) 20> add rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/pd,extract p01

RMTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gg1) 29> view params p01

extract p01

userid ggtest,password oracle

rmthost 192.168.50.231,mgrport 7809 --指定远端IP和MGR端口

rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/pd

table ssgg.*;

3、 t o c o n f i g u r e t h e r e p l i c a t g r o u p

GGSCI (gg1) 3> add replicat r02,exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/dp,begin now

ERROR: No checkpoint table specified for ADD REPLICAT.

GGSCI (gg1) 4> add replicat r02,exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/dp,checkpointtable ggtest.checkpoint

REPLICAT added.

GGSCI (gg1) 30> view params r02

replicat r02

assumetargetdefs --定义目标表和源表使用MAP语法有同样的列结构，当出现热点时，不查看源结构而直接从源定义文件查

看

userid ggtest,password oracle

DISCARDFILE /u01/ggate/dirdat/sdisc.dsc,append,megabytes 100

DDL INCLUDE MAPPED

DDLERROR DEFAULT IGNORE RETRYOP

map ttgg.*, target ssgg.*;

启动全部进程：

GGSCI (gg1) 3> start mgr

Manager started.

GGSCI (gg1) 4> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

EXTRACT RUNNING EXT01 00:00:00 00:00:07

EXTRACT RUNNING P01 00:00:00 00:00:01

REPLICAT RUNNING R02 00:00:00 00:00:08

配置gg2，加入checkpoint表：

GGSCI (gg2) 1> dblogin userid ggtest,password oracle

Successfully logged into database.

GGSCI (gg2) 25> view params ./GLOBAL

ggschema ggtest

checkpointtable ggtest.checkpoint

GGSCI (gg2) 29> view params mgr

PORT 7809

dynamicportlist 7810-7900

autostart er *

autorestart er *,retries 5,waitminutes 2

c o n f i g u r a t i o n f r o m s e c o u n d a r y s y s t e m t o p r i m a r y s y s t e m

1 、t o c o n f i g u r e t h e p r i m a r y e x t r a c t g r o u p

GGSCI (gg2) 12> add extract ext02,tranlog,begin now

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gg2) 13> add exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/td,extract ext02

EXTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gg2) 26> view params ext02

extract ext02

userid ggtest, password oracle

exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/td

tranlogoptions excludeuser ggtest

DDL INCLUDE ALL

DDLOPTIONS ADDTRANDATA

table ttgg.*;

2 、t o c o n f i g u r e t h e p u m p

GGSCI (gg2) 17> add extract p02,exttrailsource /u01/ggate/dirdat/td,begin now

EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gg2) 19> add rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/dp,extract p02

RMTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gg2) 27> view params p02

extract p02

userid ggtest,password oracle

rmthost 192.168.50.230,mgrport 7809

rmttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/dp

table ttgg.*;

3.t o c o n f i g u r e t h e r e p l i c a t g r o u p

GGSCI (gg2) 7> add replicat r01,exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/pd,begin now

ERROR: No checkpoint table specified for ADD REPLICAT.

GGSCI (gg2) 8> add replicat r01,exttrail /u01/ggate/dirdat/pd,checkpointtable ggtest.checkpoint;

REPLICAT added.

GGSCI (gg2) 28> view params r01

replicat r01

assumetargetdefs

userid ggtest,password oracle

DISCARDFILE /u01/ggate/dirdat/sdisc.dsc,append,megabytes 100

DISCARDFILE不能直接在安装文件夹/u01/ggate/，进程可能起不来。

DDL INCLUDE MAPPED

DDLERROR DEFAULT IGNORE RETRYOP

map ssgg.*, target ttgg.*;

启动全部进程：

GGSCI (gg2) 3> start mgr

Manager started.

GGSCI (gg2) 4> info all

Program Status Group Lag at Chkpt Time Since Chkpt

MANAGER RUNNING

EXTRACT RUNNING EXT02 00:00:00 00:00:03

EXTRACT RUNNING P02 00:00:00 00:00:07

REPLICAT RUNNING R01 00:00:14 00:00:04

数据同步測试：

Gg1：

SQL> conn ssgg/oracle

Connected.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

SSGG TABLE

TTGG TABLE

SQL> create table test as select * from ssgg;

Table created.

SQL> select * from test;

ID

----------

1

5

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

然后查看gg2，看数据是否同步

Gg2：

SQL> conn ttgg/oracle

Connected.

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

SSGG TABLE

TTGG TABLE

SQL> /

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID

------------------------------ ------- ----------

SSGG TABLE

TEST TABLE

TTGG TABLE

SQL> insert into test values(10);

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select * from test;

ID

----------

1

5

10

再返回gg1，查看数据是否同步：

SQL> host hostname

gg1

SQL> select * from test;

ID

----------

1

5

10

至此，Oracle到Oracle的双向数据同步成功(DML+DDL)。

实现双向复制，一般用于双业务中心环境下在实际应用中。双向复制（ＤＤＬ＋ＤＭＬ）面临着很多问题，主要有例如以下几点：

1. 假设两个库同一时候更新同一条记录怎样处理？调整业务规则

2. 假设网络出现失败怎样处理？支持断点续传

3. 假设数据不同步后怎样修复？导出源端，导入目标端

总结：

双向复制避免数据冲突是难点，解决这个难点根本还是调整业务：

a) 仅仅在一段开展业务

b) 两端开展不同业务，涉及不同数据集

c) 两端开展同样业务，但根据地域或其它条件对数据予以区分，两边不操作同一条数据

补充：

在oracle中能够通过rowid来定位某条记录，可是目标端的数据库和源端数据库的数据库可能全然不一样，所以无法通过rowid来确定源端数据库的逻辑变化，这时附加日志supplemental log便登上了表演的舞台。数据库在开启附加日志功能后，对于源端的改动操作，oracle会同一时候追加能够唯一标示记录的列到redo log。这样目标端数据库就能够知道源端发生了哪些详细的变化。

在目标库上创建checkpointtable ，此表中保存的检查点指示 Replicat 进程的当前读写位置。这用于在进程须要重新启动时或者在server出现不论什么故障或网络停顿时防止数据丢失。假设没有这一机制，将导致数据丢失。还有一个优点是，通过使用检查点，多个 Extract 或 Replicat 进程可通过同样的一组线索进行读取。

对于以批处理模式执行的 Extract 和 Replicat 进程，检查点没必要的，由于这种进程总是能够重新启动。然而，在 Extract 和 Replicat 进程连续工作的情况下，检查点是必需的。检查点通常保存在 dirchk 子文件夹的文件里，可是对于 Replicat，能够选择在数据库的检查点表中保存检查点。