How to setup multiple data sources with Spring and JPA

转自:http://www.codingpedia.org/ama/how-to-setup-multiple-data-sources-with-spring-and-jpa/

Contents [hide]

1. Showcase
2. Configuration

2.1.
Persistence.xml
2.2.
Spring Appplication Context
2.3. In code

3.
Testing it – optional
4. Resources

4.1. Codingpedia
4.2. GitHub
4.3. Web

In this post I will show you how to setup two or more data sources in a Spring application where the access to the database is done via JPA. It will be a XML-based Spring configuration. To highlight the setup I will use a showcase that builds on an existing
demo example I have committed on GitHub, that covers other two posts of mine

RESTful
Web Services Example in Java with Jersey, Spring and MyBatis

and
Java
Persistence Example with Spring, JPA2 and Hibernate

Don’t worry! You don’t have to understand what’s going on in those if you just want to see how the setup for multiple data sources looks like – I’ll do a quick introduction in the first part of the post.

1. Showcase

The demo application used in the posts mentioned presents how to use a REST API to execute CRUD operations against a back-end db, delivering podcasts. For the demo’s sake I’ll say a client of
the REST API also needs resources(podcasts) from a “legacy” system – she needs to combine them with the ones from the actual system and present them to their users.

For that I will implement two new read operations that will GET the podcast(s) from the “legacy” system. The new REST facade layer –

PodcastLegacyRestService

–
that delivers “legacy” resources will use the same data access layer to highlight the use of multiple data sources.

Now let’s see how to configure and code multiple data sources with Spring and JPA:

2. Configuration

2.1. Persistence.xml

The first thing I did was to modify the

persistence.xml

file by adding a new

persistence
unit

that will correspond to the “legacy”

entityManager

, managing the new “legacy”
data source:

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<persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd"> <persistence-unit name="demoRestPersistence"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> </persistence-unit> <persistence-unit name="demoRestPersistenceLegacy"> <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider> </persistence-unit> </persistence>

Note: The persistence unit defines a set of all entity classes that are managed by

EntityManager

instances in an application. This set of entity classes represents the data contained within a single data store.Because I am using Spring you can see the configuration of the persistence unit in the

persistence.xml

is very lean. The actual configuration of the entity managers takes places in the Spring’s application context of the application. See the next section for the details.

2.2. Spring Appplication Context

In the Spring application context I just added new beans for the entity manager, transaction manger and datasource:

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<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="org.codingpedia.demo.rest.*" /> <!-- ************ JPA configuration *********** --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" /> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" /> </bean> <bean id="transactionManagerLegacy" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"> <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactoryLegacy" /> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:config/persistence-demo.xml" /> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="demoRestPersistence" /> <property name="dataSource" ref="restDemoDS" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="org.codingpedia.demo.*" /> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /> </bean> </property> </bean> <bean id="entityManagerFactoryLegacy" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"> <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:config/persistence-demo.xml" /> <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="demoRestPersistenceLegacy" /> <property name="dataSource" ref="restDemoLegacyDS" /> <property name="packagesToScan" value="org.codingpedia.demo.*" /> <property name="jpaVendorAdapter"> <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"> <property name="showSql" value="true" /> <property name="databasePlatform" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect" /> </bean> </property> </bean> <bean id="podcastDao" class="org.codingpedia.demo.rest.dao.impl.PodcastDaoJPA2Impl"/> <bean id="podcastRestService" class="org.codingpedia.demo.rest.service.PodcastRestService" /> <bean id="podcastLegacyRestService" class="org.codingpedia.demo.rest.service.PodcastLegacyRestService" /> <bean id="restDemoDS" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean" scope="singleton"> <property name="jndiName" value="java:comp/env/jdbc/restDemoDB" /> <property name="resourceRef" value="true" /> </bean> <bean id="restDemoLegacyDS" class="org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean" scope="singleton"> <property name="jndiName" value="java:comp/env/jdbc/restDemoLegacyDB" /> <property name="resourceRef" value="true" /> </bean> </beans>

Note the persistenceUnitName property of the entityManagerFactory is pointing to the corresponding persistence unit.

Here’s a quick recap of the main configured beans:

entityManagerFactoryLegacy

(org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean)

is
a

org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean

that creates a JPA

javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory

according
to JPA’s standard container bootstrap contract. This is the most powerful way to set up a shared JPA EntityManagerFactory in a Spring application context; the

EntityManagerFactory

can
then be passed to JPA-based DAOs via dependency injection. Note that switching to a JNDI lookup or to a

LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean

definition
is just a matter of

configuration!

As with

LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean

, configuration settings are usually read in from a

META-INF/persistence.xml

config
file, residing in the class path, according to the general JPA configuration contract. However, this

FactoryBean

is
more flexible in that you can override the location of the persistence.xml file (as here the case), specify the JDBC DataSources to link to, etc. Furthermore, it allows for pluggable class instrumentation through Spring’s

org.springframework.instrument.classloading.LoadTimeWeaver

abstraction,
instead of being tied to a special VM agent specified on JVM startup.
transactionManagerLegacy

(org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager)

is
a

org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager

implementation for a single JPA

javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory

.
Binds a JPA

EntityManager

from the specified factory to the thread, potentially allowing for
one thread-bound EntityManager per factory.

SharedEntityManagerCreator

and

JpaTemplate

are
aware of thread-bound entity managers and participate in such transactions automatically. Using either is required for JPA access code supporting this transaction management mechanism.

This transaction manager is appropriate for applications that use a single JPA EntityManagerFactory for transactional data access. JTA (usually through

org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager

)
is necessary for accessing multiple transactional resources within the same transaction. Note that you need to configure your JPA provider accordingly in order to make it participate in JTA transactions.

2.3. In code

As mentioned before to highlight the multiple data source configuration in code I extended the DAO layer class with methods to access the “legacy” system:

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package org.codingpedia.demo.rest.dao.impl; import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import java.util.GregorianCalendar;import java.util.List;import java.util.TimeZone; import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.NoResultException;import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;import javax.persistence.Query;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;import javax.persistence.TypedQuery; import org.codingpedia.demo.rest.dao.PodcastDao;import org.codingpedia.demo.rest.entities.Podcast; public class PodcastDaoJPA2Impl implements PodcastDao { @PersistenceContext(unitName="demoRestPersistence") private EntityManager entityManager; @PersistenceContext(unitName="demoRestPersistenceLegacy") private EntityManager entityManagerLegacy; public List<Podcast> getPodcasts() { String qlString = "SELECT p FROM Podcast p"; TypedQuery<Podcast> query = entityManager.createQuery(qlString, Podcast.class); return query.getResultList(); } /* .............................*/ public List<Podcast> getLegacyPodcasts() { String qlString = "SELECT p FROM Podcast p"; TypedQuery<Podcast> query = entityManagerLegacy.createQuery(qlString, Podcast.class); return query.getResultList(); } }

You see here how you can use multiple entity managers in the same class. And we that we conclude the configuration example of accessing multiple data sources.Code Tip – you can best see the differences to the code with one data source configuration by having a look at my GitHub commit for this post at https://github.com/amacoder/demo-restWS-spring-jersey-jpa2-hibernate/commit/f37d52d88348eb125097a561e9105d61fffa08c3

3. Testing it – optional

To test the new “legacy” functionality you can start the jetty server configured in the

pom.xml

, file by issuing the following maven command in the root directory of the project:

1	mvn jetty:run -Djetty.port=8888

Once Jetty is started execute GET operations on the following URIs:

http://localhost:8888/demo-rest-spring-jersey-jpa2-hibernate-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/legacy/podcasts
http://localhost:8888/demo-rest-spring-jersey-jpa2-hibernate-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/legacy/podcasts/2

to get all podcasts, or respectively a specific podcast from the “legacy” system.

You can also have look at my video on how to test a REST API with the DEV
HTTP Client

Well, that’s it. You’ve learned how to configure multiple a Spring application to access multiple data sources via JPA.

If you’ve found it useful, please help it spread by sharing it on Twitter, Google+ or Facebook. Thank you! Don’t forget also to check out Podcastpedia.org –
you’ll find for sure interesting podcasts and episodes. We are grateful for your
support.

4. Resources

4.1. Codingpedia

Java
Persistence Example with Spring, JPA2 and Hibernate
RESTful
Web Services Example in Java with Jersey, Spring and MyBatis
Tomcat
JDBC Connection Pool configuration for production and development

4.2. GitHub

Source code for Java
Persistence Example with Spring, JPA2 and Hibernate ( encapsulates code for this post)
Differences
to one datasource version

4.3. Web

StackOverflow
– Difference between configuring data source in persistence.xml and in spring configuration files