通过IP获取MAC地址例子（应用层）
2014-12-25 19:48
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博客地址：http://home.cnblogs.com/u/zengjianrong/
由于某种需求，需要获取某个ip的mac地址，在应用层实现例子如下代码。
流程：1. 先遍历arp表，若存在对应mac地址，则取出并结束。否则继续。
2. 构造arp包，发arp request，若收不到arp reply，则返回失败并结束。否则继续。
3. 解析arp reply包，获取MAC，并将ip、mac信息存到内核的arp表。
测试结果如下：
由于某种需求，需要获取某个ip的mac地址，在应用层实现例子如下代码。
流程：1. 先遍历arp表，若存在对应mac地址，则取出并结束。否则继续。
2. 构造arp包，发arp request，若收不到arp reply，则返回失败并结束。否则继续。
3. 解析arp reply包，获取MAC，并将ip、mac信息存到内核的arp表。
#include <errno.h>
#include <net/if_arp.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define MAC_BCAST_ADDR (unsigned char *)"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff"
#define LOCAL_MAC_ADDR (unsigned char *)"\x00\x50\x56\xCC\x99\x0E"
#define LOCAL_DEV (unsigned char *)"eth0"
#ifndef ATF_FORCE_ADD
#define ATF_FORCE_ADD 0x80 /* force to add an entry --add by zengjianrong */
#endif
typedef unsigned int u_int32_t;
typedef unsigned int u_int;
#ifdef ZJR_READ /* just for reading */
typedef unsigned short sa_family_t;
struct sockaddr {
sa_family_t sa_family; /* address family, AF_xxx */
char sa_data[14]; /* 14 bytes of protocol address */
};
struct sockaddr_in
{
sa_family_t sin_family; /* Address family */
__be16 sin_port; /* Port number */
struct in_addr sin_addr; /* Internet address */
/* Pad to size of `struct sockaddr'. */
unsigned char __pad[__SOCK_SIZE__ - sizeof(short int) -
sizeof(unsigned short int) - sizeof(struct in_addr)];
};
struct arpreq
{
struct sockaddr arp_pa; /* protocol address */
struct sockaddr arp_ha; /* hardware address */
int arp_flags; /* flags */
struct sockaddr arp_netmask; /* netmask (only for proxy arps) */
char arp_dev[16];
};
#endif
#define SYSTEM_ERROR 1
#define PROCESS_PRINT 0
#define DEBUGGING_LVL 0
#define DEBUGGING
#ifdef DEBUGGING
#define DEBUG(lvl, ...)\
do\
{\
if (lvl >= DEBUGGING_LVL)\
{\
printf("[DEBUG] in %s:%d %s(), ",\
__FILE__, __LINE__, __FUNCTION__);\
printf(__VA_ARGS__);\
printf("\n");\
}\
} while(0)
#else
#define DEBUG(lvl, ...) do {} while(0)
#endif
typedef enum
{
ARP_TBL_BEGIN = 1,
ARP_TBL_GET,
ARP_TBL_SET,
ARP_TBL_DEL,
ARP_TBL_END,
}ARP_TBL_TRL_ENUM;
struct arpMsg
{
struct ethhdr ethhdr; /* Ethernet header */
u_short htype; /* hardware type (must be ARPHRD_ETHER) */
u_short ptype; /* protocol type (must be ETH_P_IP) */
u_char hlen; /* hardware address length (must be 6) */
u_char plen; /* protocol address length (must be 4) */
u_short operation; /* ARP opcode */
u_char sHaddr[6]; /* sender's hardware address */
u_char sInaddr[4]; /* sender's IP address */
u_char tHaddr[6]; /* target's hardware address */
u_char tInaddr[4]; /* target's IP address */
u_char pad[18]; /* pad for min. Ethernet payload (60 bytes) */
};
static int fd_arp_tbl = -1;
/******************************************************************************
* nSendArp - send arp, get mac from arp reply if have
* DESCRIPTION: -
* Input: unRemoteIp - remote ip
* unLocalIp - our ip
* pucLocalMac - our mac address
* pchEth - interface to use
* Output: pstArp - arp info
* Returns: 1 - addr free
* 0 - addr used, get mac ok
* -1 - error
*
* modification history
* --------------------
* 2.00, 2014-12-25 , zengjianrong written
* --------------------
******************************************************************************/
int nSendArp(u_int32_t unRemoteIp, u_int32_t unLocalIp, unsigned char *pucLocalMac, char *pchEth, struct arpMsg *pstArp)
{
int nTimeOut = 2;
int nOptVal = 1;
int nSk = -1; /* socket */
int nRtVal = 1; /* return value */
fd_set fdset;
time_t prevTime;
struct sockaddr addr; /* for interface name */
struct timeval tm;
if (-1 == (nSk=socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_PACKET, htons(ETH_P_ARP))))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->socket error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (-1 == setsockopt(nSk, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, &nOptVal, sizeof(nOptVal)))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->setsocketopt error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
close(nSk);
return -1;
}
/* make a arp request */
memset(pstArp, 0, sizeof(struct arpMsg));
memcpy(pstArp->ethhdr.h_dest, MAC_BCAST_ADDR, 6); /* MAC DA */
memcpy(pstArp->ethhdr.h_source, pucLocalMac, 6); /* MAC SA */
pstArp->ethhdr.h_proto = htons(ETH_P_ARP); /* protocol type (Ethernet) */
pstArp->htype = htons(ARPHRD_ETHER); /* hardware type */
pstArp->ptype = htons(ETH_P_IP); /* protocol type (ARP message) */
pstArp->hlen = 6; /* hardware address length */
pstArp->plen = 4; /* protocol address length */
pstArp->operation = htons(ARPOP_REQUEST); /* ARP op code */
*((u_int *) pstArp->sInaddr) = unLocalIp; /* source IP address */
memcpy(pstArp->sHaddr, pucLocalMac, 6); /* source hardware address */
//*((u_int *) pstArp->tInaddr) = unRemoteIp;
memcpy(pstArp->tInaddr, (unsigned char *)&unRemoteIp, sizeof(pstArp->tInaddr));/* target IP address */
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
strcpy(addr.sa_data, pchEth);
/* send arp request */
if (0 > sendto(nSk, pstArp, sizeof(struct arpMsg), 0, &addr, sizeof(addr)))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->sendto error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
close(nSk);
return -1;
}
/* wait arp reply, and check it */
tm.tv_usec = 0;
time(&prevTime);
while (nTimeOut > 0)
{
FD_ZERO(&fdset);
FD_SET(nSk, &fdset);
tm.tv_sec = nTimeOut;
if (select(nSk + 1, &fdset, (fd_set *) NULL, (fd_set *) NULL, &tm) < 0)
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->select error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
if (errno != EINTR)
{
nRtVal = 0;
}
}
else if (FD_ISSET(nSk, &fdset))
{
if (recv(nSk, pstArp, sizeof(struct arpMsg), 0) < 0 )
{
nRtVal = 0;
}
if (pstArp->operation == htons(ARPOP_REPLY) &&
bcmp(pstArp->tHaddr, pucLocalMac, 6) == 0 &&
*((u_int *) pstArp->sInaddr) == unRemoteIp)
{
//DEBUG(PROCESS_PRINT, "valid arp reply receved for this address.");
nRtVal = 0;
break;
}
}
nTimeOut -= time(NULL) - prevTime;
time(&prevTime);
}
close(nSk);
DEBUG(PROCESS_PRINT, "%salid arp replies for this address", nRtVal ? "no v" : "v");
return nRtVal;
}
/******************************************************************************
* nArpTblCtl - get/set/del ip<->mac info
* DESCRIPTION: -
* Input:
* Output:
* Returns:
*
* modification history
* --------------------
* 2.00, 2014-12-25 , zengjianrong written
* --------------------
******************************************************************************/
int nArpTblCtl(ARP_TBL_TRL_ENUM cmd, struct in_addr stRemoteIp, char *pcDevName, unsigned char *pucMac)
{
unsigned int unCmd = 0;
unsigned char *pucHwAddr = NULL;
struct sockaddr_in *pSin = NULL;
struct arpreq stArpreq;
if ((0 == stRemoteIp.s_addr)
|| (cmd <= ARP_TBL_BEGIN)
|| (cmd >= ARP_TBL_END)
|| (ARP_TBL_DEL != cmd && NULL == pucMac))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "param error.");
return -1;
}
memset(&stArpreq, 0, sizeof(struct arpreq));
switch (cmd)
{
case ARP_TBL_GET:
unCmd = SIOCGARP;
break;
case ARP_TBL_DEL:
stArpreq.arp_ha.sa_family = AF_UNSPEC;
unCmd = SIOCDARP;
break;
case ARP_TBL_SET:
stArpreq.arp_ha.sa_family = AF_UNSPEC;
//stArpreq.arp_flags = ATF_PERM | ATF_PUBL | ATF_FORCE_ADD;
stArpreq.arp_flags = ATF_COM;
memcpy((char *)stArpreq.arp_ha.sa_data, pucMac, 6);
unCmd = SIOCSARP;
break;
default:
return -1;
}
if (-1 == fd_arp_tbl)
{
fd_arp_tbl = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (fd_arp_tbl < 0)
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->socket error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
}
pSin = (struct sockaddr_in *) &stArpreq.arp_pa;
pSin->sin_family = AF_INET;
memcpy(&(pSin->sin_addr), &stRemoteIp, sizeof(struct in_addr));
strcpy(stArpreq.arp_dev, pcDevName);
if (0 > ioctl(fd_arp_tbl, unCmd, &stArpreq))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->ioctl error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
close(fd_arp_tbl);
fd_arp_tbl = -1;
return -1;
}
else if (ARP_TBL_GET == cmd)
{
pucHwAddr = (unsigned char *) stArpreq.arp_ha.sa_data;
memcpy(pucMac, pucHwAddr, 6);
if (0 == pucMac[0] && 0 == pucMac[1] && 0 == pucMac[2]
&& 0== pucMac[3] && 0 == pucMac[4] && 0 == pucMac[5])
{
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
unsigned char aucMac[6];
struct in_addr sin_remote_addr;
struct in_addr sin_local_addr;
struct arpMsg stArpMsg;
memset(&sin_local_addr, 0, sizeof(struct in_addr));
memset(&stArpMsg, 0, sizeof(struct arpMsg));
memset(aucMac, 0, 6);
if (argc!=2)
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "usage: %s <IP address>\n",argv[0]);
return -1;
}
/* initial global values */
fd_arp_tbl = -1;
if (0 == (inet_aton("138.0.225.226", &sin_local_addr)))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->inet_aton error(%d:%s).", errno, strerror(errno));
return -1;
}
if (0 == (inet_aton(argv[1], &sin_remote_addr)))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->inet_aton error(%d:%s), '%s' not valid.",
errno, strerror(errno), argv[1]);
return -1;
}
if (0 > (nArpTblCtl(ARP_TBL_GET, sin_remote_addr, LOCAL_DEV, aucMac)))
{
DEBUG(PROCESS_PRINT, "no entry in arp_cache for '%s', send arp request.", argv[1]);
if (0 != (nSendArp(sin_remote_addr.s_addr, sin_local_addr.s_addr,
LOCAL_MAC_ADDR, LOCAL_DEV, &stArpMsg)))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "there is no device using '%s', or nSendArp error.", argv[1]);
return -1;
}
else
{
if (0 > (nArpTblCtl(ARP_TBL_SET, sin_remote_addr, LOCAL_DEV, stArpMsg.sHaddr)))
{
DEBUG(SYSTEM_ERROR, "func->nArpTblCtl set error.");
return -1;
}
if (0 > (nArpTblCtl(ARP_TBL_GET, sin_remote_addr, LOCAL_DEV, aucMac)))
{
DEBUG(PROCESS_PRINT, "there is no device using '%s'.", argv[1]);
return 0;
}
}
}
DEBUG(PROCESS_PRINT, "%s-->%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x.", argv[1],
aucMac[0], aucMac[1], aucMac[2], aucMac[3], aucMac[4], aucMac[5]);
return 0;
}测试结果如下：
[root@zeng test]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:CC:99:0E inet addr:138.0.225.226 Bcast:138.0.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fecc:990e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2314211 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:13648 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:161772378 (154.2 MiB) TX bytes:18844506 (17.9 MiB) Interrupt:67 Base address:0x2024 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:DE:99:0E inet addr:192.168.123.225 Bcast:192.168.123.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fede:990e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:32187 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:21581 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2529373 (2.4 MiB) TX bytes:1040688 (1016.2 KiB) Interrupt:75 Base address:0x20a4 eth2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:DC:99:0E inet addr:192.168.213.225 Bcast:192.168.213.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fedc:990e/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1658819 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:1976333 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:340738638 (324.9 MiB) TX bytes:1445346752 (1.3 GiB) Interrupt:75 Base address:0x2424 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:840 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:840 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:56072 (54.7 KiB) TX bytes:56072 (54.7 KiB) [root@zeng test]# ./getMacFromIp.o 138.0.0.90 [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:278 nArpTblCtl(), func->ioctl error(6:No such device or address). [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:333 main(), no entry in arp_cache for '138.0.0.90', send arp request. [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:220 nSendArp(), valid arp replies for this address [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:355 main(), 138.0.0.90-->74:d4:35:49:5b:7c. [root@zeng test]# ./getMacFromIp.o 138.0.156.125 [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:278 nArpTblCtl(), func->ioctl error(6:No such device or address). [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:333 main(), no entry in arp_cache for '138.0.156.125', send arp request. [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:220 nSendArp(), no valid arp replies for this address [DEBUG] in /mnt/hgfs/source_code_20140312/test/2getMacFromIp.c:337 main(), there is no device using '138.0.156.125', or nSendArp error. [root@zeng test]#
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